1. C 错误，过失，失策　 thing done incorrectly through ignorance or wrong judgement; error
2. C 误解，误会　 wrong idea or opinion; misconception

　admit one's ～　承认错误
　avoid a ～　避免错误
　bare a ～　暴露错误
　commit a ～　犯错误
　correct a ～　改正错误
　detect the ～　发现错误
　duplicate a ～　重犯同样的错误
　eradicate ～　消除误会
　find out a ～　找出错误
　have a ～　有错误
　learn from past ～s　从犯过的错误中学习，吸取教训
　make a ～　犯错误
　note a ～　注意错误
　obscure a ～　掩饰错误
　observe a ～　说明所犯过失，注意所犯错误
　obviate a ～　避免错误
　overlook a ～　忽略错误
　pardon a ～　原谅过失
　rectify a ～　改正错误
　regard ～　注意所犯过失
　repeat a ～　重犯错误
　score ～s in red ink　用红墨水划出错的地方
　absurd ～　可笑的错误
　all ～s　所有的错误
　awful ～　可怕的错误
　bad ～　严重的错误〔过失〕
　careless ～s　粗心错误
　common ～　共同的错误，常见的错误
　costly ～　造成重大损失的错误
　disastrous ～　灾难性的错误
　dreadful ～　可怕的错误
　fatal ～　致命的错误
　foolish ～　愚蠢的错误
　grave ～　严重的错误
　horrible ～　可怕的错误
　inexcusable ～　不可原谅的错误
　laughable ～　可笑的错误
　little ～s　小错误
　main ～　主要错误
　major ～　大错误
　minor ～　小错误
　past ～s　过去的错误，以往的错误
　regrettable ～　令人遗憾的错误
　ridiculous ～　可笑的错误，荒谬的错误
　sad ～　惨痛的错误〔过失〕
　serious ～　严重的错误〔过失〕
　silly ～　愚蠢的错误
　single ～　个别的错误，单个的错误
　slight ～　小错误
　strange ～　不可思议的错误
　stupid ～　愚蠢的错误
　terrible ～　可怕的错误
　traffic ～　交通上的错误
　unavoidable ～　不可避免的错误
　unfortunate ～　不幸的错误
　beyond ～　确信无疑
　by ～　弄错
　in ～　错当成
　through ～　由于错误
　～ about〔in〕　在…方面的错
　～s in grammar　语法错误

　My mistake won't be discovered as long as nobody tells on me.　只要没人告发我，我的错误不会被发现。
　Mistakes abound on every page.　每页上都有大量错误。
　No mistakes could arise.　不会出任何差错的。
　These little mistakes can't be avoided.　这些小差错是免不了的。
　It was a curious mistake that I couldn't understand.　这是一个我无法理解的奇怪的错误。
　I agreed that it was a mistake.　我承认这是一个错误。
　The students are cautious not to make any mistake in spelling.　学生们在拼写时非常小心。
　I deeply regret the mistake.　我为自己的这个错误深感后悔。
　We all make mistakes.　人都会犯错误。
　How can we cover up our mistakes? 　我们怎样才能把我们的错误掩盖起来呢?
　I had to overcome the temptation to laugh at his mistakes.　对他的错误，我强忍着没笑出来。
　The European countries have learned from their mistakes.　欧洲国家已从自己的错误中吸取了教训。
　There must be some mistake!　你们不能逮捕我！一定是哪儿弄错了！
　I made a mistake about the time.　我把时间搞错了。
　I made a bad mistake in spending all the money at once.　我犯了个严重错误，把所有的钱一下子都花光了。
　The teacher found several spelling mistakes in the pupils' written answers.　老师在学生们的书面答案中发现了好几处拼写错误。
　You made three mistakes in grammar tonight.　你今晚犯了3个语法错误。
　The waiter made a mistake over the bill.　侍者把账单弄错了。
　It was a mistake to tell him.　告诉他是个错误。
　It would be a mistake to assume we've heard the last of this issue.　认为我们不需要再讨论这一问题那会是一个错误。
　It's a mistake to lay too much emphasis on grades.　过分强调分数是错的。
　I think it was a mistake telling him about our plans.　我觉得把计划告诉他是个错误。
　We made the mistake of leaving our bedroom window open last night.　我们昨天晚上不该让卧室窗户开着。

 ♣ by mistake
　错误地　as a result of carelessness, forgetfulness, etc.; in error
　I took his umbrella by mistake.　我错拿了他的雨伞。
　I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.　我没有拿自己的包而错拿了你的。
 ♣ in mistake for
　错当成　thinking wrongly that sth is sth else
　I took someone else's umbrella in mistake for my own.　我错把别人的伞当作我自己的拿走了。
 ♣ make no mistake (about)
1. 〈口〉别误会；别误解 do not be misled into thinking otherwise
　Now make no mistake!　别弄错我的意思！
　She seems very quiet, but make no mistake about it, she has a terrible temper!　她看起来很文静，但请不要有半点怀疑，她的脾气很坏。
2. 完全可以肯定 it is quite certain; there can be no doubt about it
　If you don't improve your behaviour, you'll be punished, make no mistake about it.　如果你不改邪归正，你将受到惩罚。这是完全可以肯定的。
　Make no mistake about it, he is the biggest fool I've met.　毫无疑问，他是我所见的最大的傻瓜。

 ♣ mistake, error, fault, flaw
　参见fault条。
 ♣ 下面两个句子的意思相同：
　

1. 我们出了很多错。
　［误］ We have done many mistakes.
　［正］ We have made many mistakes.
　［正］ We have committed many mistakes.
　［析］ 表示“犯错误，做错”，不用do与mistake搭配，而可用make或commit.
2. 我错拿了他的书包。
　［误］ I took his bag for mistake.
　［正］ I took his bag by mistake.
　［析］ by mistake的意思是“错误地”，其中的介词by不可换成其他的介词。
3. 他在这篇作文里犯了许多拼写错误。
　［误］ He made many mistakes on spelling in the composition.
　［正］ He made many mistakes in spelling in the composition.
　［析］ 说“某方面的错误”用介词in，而不用介词on.

1. vt. & vi.弄错；误解　 make a mistake; make an error about; understand wrongly
2. vt.认不出　 not recognize

　～ a pig for a dog　不辨菽粟，行动愚蠢
　～ a road　走错路
　～ sb's meaning　误解某人的意思
　～ sb's purpose　误解某人的意图
　～ the hour　弄错时间
　～ the house　认错门
　～ absurdly　荒谬地估计错误
　～ completely　完全误解
　～ curiously　严重误解
　～ decidedly　明显地弄错
　～ desperately　完全误解
　～ entirely　完全误解
　～ felicitously　弄巧成拙
　～ greatly　完全误解
　～ grievously　令人伤心地误解
　～ grossly　明显地弄错
　～ inexcusably　不可避免地误解
　～ ludicrously　荒唐地错误
　～ pathetically　感情上的误解
　～ perniciously　恶意误解
　～ surely　肯定误解
　～ tragically　悲伤地误解
　～ about　弄错，看错
　～ for　把…误认为〔当作〕
　～ in　弄错，看错

　He mistook the date, and arrived two days early.　他弄错了日期，早到了两天。
　We've mistaken the house.　我们走错了屋子。
　I mistook the direction.　我搞错方向了。
　Don't mistake him, if he says he'll help you, he'll do so.　不要误解他；如果他说他将帮助你，那他会这样做的。
　She mistook my meaning entirely.　她完全误会了我的意思。
　They completely mistook his reasons for doing it.　他们完全误解了他做这件事的原因。
　They mistake their man if they think they can frighten him.　如果他们认为可以把他吓倒，那是认错人了。
　You can't mistake his car in the busiest streets; he's painted it bright red.　你在最繁忙的街上不会认错他的车，他把它漆成了鲜红色。
　He said so, if I am not mistaken.　如果我没弄错的话，他就是这么说的。
　He is the right man to do it, if I am not mistaken.　要是我没有弄错的话，他就是做那件事的合适人选。
　I thought I heard the telephone but I was mistaken.　我以为听到了电话铃声，可是我听错了。
　I mistook what he said.　我误解了他说的话。
　You must have mistaken what I said.　你一定是误解了我的话。
　His tones underlined his meaning so that no one could mistake what he meant.　他的语气使得他的意思很突出，以致没人能误解他的意思。
　I think you are mistaking how far the responsibility goes.　我想你还没有明确你的责任范围。

 ♣ If I mistake not
　如果我没弄错的话　if I don't make a mistake
　If I mistake not, I'll do it like that.　如果我没弄错的话，我就那样做。
　If I mistake not, tomorrow is your birthday.　如果我没有记错的话，明天便是你的生日。
　If I mistake not, they left for London two days ago.　如果我没有记错的话，他们两天前就动身去伦敦了。
 ♣ mistake about〔in〕　(v.+prep.)
　弄错，看错 have the wrong idea about〔in〕　(sb/sth)
　How could she have been mistaken about a thing like that?　像那样的事情她竟然会搞错?
　I am sorry, I was mistaken about you.　对不起，我错怪你了。
　I was mistaken about her age.　我弄错她的年龄了。
　She's mistaken about the name of the hotel.　她把这家旅馆的名字搞错了。
　You are mistaken in that.　你误会那事了。
　You were mistaken in assuming it.　你这样臆断是错了。
 ♣ mistake for　(v.+prep.)
　把…错认为，错把…当作　think wrongly that sb/sth is sb/sth else
　Undoubtedly you have mistaken me for sb else.　无疑你是认错人了。
　Because they are very much alike people are always mistaking him for his twin brother.　因为他们长得非常相像，人们总把他错认为是他的孪生兄弟。
　They mistook me for the manager.　他们错把我当成经理了。
　She mistook him for the professor.　她把他错当作教授了。
　They mistook that stick for a snake.　他们把这根手杖误当成了一条蛇。
　I mistook the house for a hotel.　我把这栋房子错当作旅馆了。
　Tyrants often mistake fear for respect.　暴君常常错把恐惧当尊敬。
　You mustn't mistake lack of formal education for lack of wisdom.　你绝不能误认为没有受到正规教育就是没有学问。
　She is often mistaken for her twin sister.　她常被人当作是她的孪生姐妹。
　He was mistaken for a leader.　他被误认为是领导人。
　I was mistaken for a spy.　我被人错当成间谍。
　He was mistaken for an enemy scout and badly wounded.　他被误认为敌人的侦察兵，受了重伤。
 ♣ There be no mistaking...
　绝不可能搞错…　there is no possibility of being about sb/sth
　There's no mistaking his car.　他的汽车不可能被认错。
　There is no mistaking the fact.　事实一清二楚。
　There's no mistaking his real motive.　他的真正动机不可能被误解。
　There is no mistaking his sincerity.　没有人不会承认他的真诚。
　There's no mistaking what ought to be done.　应该干什么，那是再清楚不过的。
　There could be no mistaking what he had come for.　他前来的目的一清二楚。

 ♣ mistake, confound, confuse
　这三个词的共同意思是“混淆”。它们之间的区别是：mistake强调产生进一步的后果或作出进一步的动作；confuse指由于未能区别两种类似的或有共同特点的事物而产生混淆；confound则通常强调由于思维混乱或愚笨而产生概念不清。

　他们俩长得很像，常常被人认错。
　［误］ They are so alike that one is often mistaken as the other.
　［正］ They are so alike that one is often mistaken for the other.
　［析］ 表示“错把…当作…”“误认为”时， mistake要与介词for搭配，而不与as搭配。

　mistake　是take衍生的反义词，可是，有时却可以通用。例如：
　

　［同义词］ n. error, false, misjudgement, oversight v. confuse, misjudge, misobserve, misunderstand
　［反义词］ v. take
　［词源］　古挪威语mistaka