1. 开着的，开放的，公开的　 not shut; not hidden or limited
2. 坦率的，无偏见的　 (of person) very willing to talk honestly
3. A 空旷的，开阔的　 not surrounded by walls, etc.; not enclosed
4. P 开始营业的，活动的　 ready for business; admitting customers or visitors
5. P （职位等）空缺的　 (especially of a job) not filled
6. 尚未决定的，悬而未决的　 not completely decided or answered

　～ admission　开放性注册
　～ arms　热烈的欢迎
　～ chain　开链
　～ championship　公开赛
　～ channel　明水道
　～ charge　公开指控
　～ city　不设防城市
　～ classroom　开放课堂
　～ competition　公开竞赛
　～ country　旷野
　～ door　门户开放
　～ enrollment　开放性学校
　～ face　坦率的面孔
　～ field　广阔领域
　～ fire　明火
　～ gate　敞开的门
　～ hand　慷慨施舍
　～ heart　坦率之心
　～ letter　公开信
　～ manner　爽直的态度
　～ market　自由市场
　～ mind　虚怀若谷
　～ port　开放港口
　～ price　公开价格
　～ roof　露天屋顶
　～ sea　公海
　～ season　可以公开打猎的季节
　～ secret　公开的秘密
　～ shop　开放工厂
　～ space　空地
　constantly ～　经常开放
　continually ～　连续开放
　generously ～　慷慨大方
　helpfully ～　有助于某人的开放
　indulgently ～　宽容
　legally ～　合法开放
　mysteriously ～　秘密开放
　officially ～　正式开放
　unconditionally ～　无条件开放
　break ～　摔破，打开
　fly ～　突然打开
　keep ～　仍营业，仍开放
　remain ～　保持开着，继续营业
　～ as the day　光明正大
　～ for　对…开放
　～ for business　开门营业的
　～ into one another　（两个房间）是互通的
　～ to　愿意考虑…的，对…开放的
　～ to discussion　可以讨论
　～ to the public　对公众开放的
　～ to traffic　通车
　～ with　与…坦诚相待

　The open wound soon became infected.　敞露的伤口很快受到了感染。
　They decided to declare Paris an open city.　他们决定宣布巴黎为不设防城市。
　The radio station had an open line on which listeners could call up to discuss various issues.　这家电台开放线路，听众可打电话参加各种问题的讨论。
　The house should fetch 40,000 pounds on the open market.　这栋房子在公开市场上会卖到4万英镑的价钱。
　She is a very friendly, open person.　她是个非常友好坦率的人。
　He has an open face.　他有一张直率的脸。
　The car gathered speed on the open road.　汽车在大路上加速前进。
　They are going to build offices in the open space next to our factory.　他们要在我们工厂旁边的空地上盖办公楼。
　The soldiers in the open field were exposed to the enemy's gun-fire.　旷野中的士兵遭到敌人炮火的攻击。
　The cattle owners let their animals wander across open country, but the farmers railed in their cattle and their land, and this is what caused many bitter fights in the old west.　放牧者在广阔的乡村放牧，但是农场主却把牲口和土地圈起来，这就是西部地区引起许多激烈争斗的原因。
　This is an open question at the moment.　此刻这还是个悬而未决的问题。

　The window was open, and the pot just dropped out.　窗户开着，花盆就掉了出去。
　I didn't have to bribe anyone, it was all open and aboveboard.　我没有必要贿赂任何人，这完全是光明正大的。
　Next day all theatres were open again at the command of the government.　第二天在政府的命令下，所有的剧院又都开门了。
　Is the park still open now?　公园现在还开着吗?
　It has been decided that the exhibition shall not be open on Sunday.　已经决定展览星期天不开放。
　Only one lane is open because of the accident.　由于交通事故，只有一条车道通车。
　The office manager's job is still open after three months.　三个月后，办公室主任的位置仍然空着。

　The hotel will be open for guests next January.　那旅馆将于明年1月开始接待客人。
　The telephone office is open for public business.　这个电报局对外营业。
　The river is open for navigation.　这条河通航。

　The recitation contest is open to all.　背诵比赛大家都能参加。
　There are few occupations that are open to women in that country.　在那个国家里很少有几个职业是对妇女开放的。
　The museum has been open to the public.　展览馆已对外开放。
　The railway will be open to traffic on October 1.　这条铁路将于10月1日通车。
　His ears are open to every idle rumor.　他容易轻信任何谣言。
　I'm afraid the position is open to abuse.　恐怕这个职位容易使人滥用职权。
　His conduct is open to criticism.　他的行为容易受到批评。
　This question is still open to discussion.　这个问题仍然可以讨论。
　He is open to advice.　他愿意接受劝告。
　I am open to conviction.　我愿意服理。
　He is open to an offer.　他愿意对买主的出价予以考虑。

　Let's be open with each other.　让我们彼此坦诚一些。
　I will be open with you about nothing.　我对你绝不隐瞒什么。
　Like many native Italians, my parents were open with their feelings and their love not only at home, but also in public.　跟许多意大利人一样，我的父母不仅在家而且在公众场合也公开表达其感情和爱心。

　I had all the windows open, but even then the smell was dreadful.　我把所有的窗户都打开了，但那股味儿还是大得可怕。
　He pulled the drawer open, and found the news bulletin still hidden in the crack.　他拉开抽屉，发现那封新闻简报还藏在夹缝里。
　The angry father flung the door open and marched into his daughter's room.　父亲怒气冲冲地把门猛地推开，大步走进女儿的房间。
　If you want the cupboard door open all the time, why don't you nail it back?　如果你想让柜子门总开着，为什么不用钉子把门反钉住?
　Doctors used to cut people open to drain the polluted blood away.　从前，医生常常在人体上切口把污血放出。
　We've held the job open for him for two weeks now.　我们已将这个工作位置为他保留两周了。
　I shall ask Mrs. Braddock to cut the ribbon and declare this firm open.　我将邀请布莱克夫人剪彩，宣布这家公司开张。

 ♣ break open
　摔破，打开　open sth by force
　The bag fell on the floor and broke open. The sweets went everywhere!　包掉在地板上，摔破了。糖撒了一地！
　The robber broke open the door.　盗贼把这门打开了。
 ♣ fly open
　突然打开　come open suddenly
　The door flew open.　门猛然开了。
　The door flew open and she rushed in.　那门突然开了，她冲了进去。
 ♣ have〔keep〕 an open mind
　愿听取〔接受、考虑〕别人的意见〔想法〕　be willing to listen to or accept new ideas, consider other people's suggestions, etc.
　I'm not convinced your idea will work, but I'll keep an open mind for the moment.　我还没想通你的意见是否可行，不过我先考虑一下。
 ♣ in the open air
　在露天里，在室外　outdoors
　This piece is not suitable to be played in the open air.　这个曲子不适合在露天演奏。
 ♣ keep open
1. 仍营业；仍开放 remain for business
　〔说明〕 keep open作此解时通常不用于进行体。
　The exhibition keeps open on Sundays.　展览会星期天也开放。
　How long do the shops keep open?　商店开门多长时间了?
2. 使保持分开〔张开〕 make sth remain wide open, apart
　He kept his book open when he was away.　走时他把书打开着。
　The speaker was so uninteresting that I could hardly keep my eyes open.　讲演人讲得毫无趣味，我听得昏昏欲睡。
　Any businessman has to keep his eyes and ears open for a chance of making a profit.　所有商人都得睁大眼睛盯着能赚一笔的机会。
　I like to keep my options open.　我喜欢留有选择余地。
 ♣ remain open
　保持开着，继续营业　continue to be wide open, apart, etc.; continue to do business
　〔说明〕 remain open通常不用于进行体。
　He closed his eyes but his mouth remained open.　他闭上眼，但嘴依然张开着。
　Our door remains open at all times for our friends.　我们的大门对朋友永远是敞开的。
　The shops remain open until late every evening.　每天晚上商店要营业到很晚才关门。
 ♣ with open arms
　热情地，衷心地　warmly, heartily
　We were welcomed with open arms.　我们受到热烈欢迎。
　When grandpa came to visit us at Christmas, we welcomed him with open arms.　当祖父圣诞节来看我们时，我们都衷心地欢迎他。
 ♣ with open eyes
1. 完全明白地 in an understanding way
　He settled the problem with open eyes.　他心明如镜地解决了这个难题。
2. 睁大眼睛 with eyes wide open
　He looked at me with open eyes.　他睁大眼睛看着我。
3. 极注意地；惊讶地 with eager attention; with surprise
　All the students listened to the teacher with open eyes.　所有的学生都聚精会神地听老师讲课。
　The children stared at their father with open eyes when he lost temper.　当父亲发脾气时，孩子们都吃惊地盯着他。

 ♣ with open arms, with open hands
　with open arms　的意思是“热情地”， with open hands则是“花钱大手大脚地”的意思。例如：
　We welcomed these foreign guests with open arms.　我们热情地欢迎这些外宾。
　Susan spends her money with open hands.　苏珊花钱大手大脚。
 ♣ be open, be opened
　be open　表示“正开着”这一状态， open是形容词；be opened指“被打开”这一动作， opened是动词open的过去分词。试比较：
　

1. 少年儿童容易受到各种影响。
　［误］ Children are easily open to various influences.
　［正］ Children are open to various influences.
　［析］ be open to本身就是“容易招致或受到…”的意思， easily应删去。
2. 这个花园向公众开放。
　［误］ The garden is open for the public.
　［正］ The garden is open to the public.
　［析］ 表示“向…开放”时要用be open to，不用be open for.
3. 我愿开诚布公地同你谈那件事。
　［误］ I will be open to you about it.
　［正］ I will be open with you about it.
　［析］ 表示“对某人坦白，无隐瞒的，开诚布公的”时用open with sb，而不用be open to sb.

1. vt. & vi.（打）开　 make or become open
2. vt. & vi.开始；开设　 start; begin business, etc.

　～ a new road　开了一条新路
　～ a new shop　开一家新店
　～ an account　开户头
　～ an office　开设一个办事处
　～ floodgates　打开防洪闸
　～ one's eyes　睁大眼睛，使某人明白或醒悟
　～ one's heart　向人倾吐肺腑之言，向人诉说衷情，同情，慷慨帮助
　～ one's mind　对…吐露心意〔真情〕
　～ one's mouth　张嘴
　～ the company　开公司
　～ the door　打开门
　～ the window　把窗户打开
　～ abundantly　完全打开
　～ accidentally　意外开设
　～ advantageously　有利地开设
　～ apparently　显然开设
　～ automatically　自动打开
　～ bitterly　充满仇恨地打开
　～ carefully　小心翼翼地打开
　～ carelessly　粗心地打开
　～ cautiously　慎重地打开
　～ cleverly　巧妙地开设
　～ clumsily　拙劣地打开
　～ comfortably　惬意地开设
　～ constantly　经常打开
　～ contemptuously　傲慢地打开
　～ conveniently　方便地打开
　～ decisively　果断打开
　～ extemporaneously　临时地开设
　～ formally　正式地打开
　～ generously　慷慨地开设
　～ growingly　渐渐打开
　～ grudgingly　勉强地打开
　～ hospitably　殷勤地打开
　～ insistently　紧急地打开
　～ legally　合法开设
　～ liberally　大量地开设
　～ mysteriously　神秘地开设
　～ officially　正式地打开
　～ openly　公开地打开
　～ ostentatiously　炫耀地打开
　～ personally　亲自打开
　～ prodigiously　奇妙地开设
　～ quietly　悄悄地打开
　～ reluctantly　勉强地打开
　～ scientifically　科学地打开
　～ secretly　秘密地打开
　～ slowly　慢慢地打开
　～ spectacularly　特殊地打开
　～ tremulously　大胆地打开
　～ unconditionally　无条件地打开
　～ unexpectedly　出乎意外地开设
　～ unhesitatingly　毫不迟疑地打开
　～ untimely　过早地打开
　～ villainously　罪恶地开设
　～ voluntarily　自愿开设
　～ widely　广泛地开设
　～ off　通向
　～ out　伸展开来，变宽，发展，畅谈，展现，开花
　～ up　开门，完全打开，开业，打开，切开，开发，变宽，开火，开诚布公地说，吐露真情
　～ at　开火
　～ into　通向
　～ on　展现，开火
　～ onto　通向，对着
　～ to　对…开放

　The door opened and in walked Mr. Smith.　门开了，史密斯先生走进来。
　The window opened and in came a gentle breeze.　窗户打开了，一阵和风徐徐吹来。
　When does the library open?　图书馆什么时候开门?
　Does the door open inwards or outwards?　那门是朝里开还是朝外开?
　The box won't open.　这盒子打不开了。
　Hamlet opens tomorrow.　《哈姆雷特》将在明天上演。
　The meeting will open the day after tomorrow.　这个会议将于后天开幕。
　Our office opens at 7:30 A.m.　我们办公室早上七点半开始办公。
　The exhibition does not open on Sundays.　展览会星期天不开放。
　His shop is to open next week.　他的商店准备下周开张。
　What time does the building open?　这栋楼房何时启用?
　She promises to come back on time when school opens.　她许诺学校开学时她将按时回来。
　The trial of the murder opened on January 10th.　对这次谋杀案的审判于元月10日开庭。
　The wound opened under the strain.　伤口裂开了。
　The flowers are opening.　花儿在开放。
　Flowers opened in early March this year.　早在今年3月初花就开了。
　Open the window and let some air into the room.　把窗打开让空气进入房间。
　We didn't want to open the garden gate in case their dog made for us.　我们不打开花园的大门，以防他们那只狗向我们扑过来。
　Shall we open another bottle?　我们再开一瓶酒吗?
　He opened his mouth to say something, but decided not to.　他张嘴想说些什么，但决定不说了。
　Open your mouth and show me your tongue.　把嘴张开让我看看舌头。
　The workers have opened a new road through the forest.　工人们已在林间开出了一条新路。
　He is going to open a new shop there.　他要在那儿开一家新店。
　The company will open an office in New York.　公司将在纽约开设一个办事处。
　Why don't you open an account at the bank? 　你何不在银行开一个户头?
　The chairman opened the Parliament.　主席宣布议会开始。
　They opened their eyes at the news.　他们听到这个消息都惊讶得睁大了眼睛。
　He was an open-hearted surgeon and knew how to open his own heart.　他是一位慈善的外科医生，懂得如何慷慨助人。
　The poor girl opened her mind and told me everything about herself.　那可怜的姑娘向我谈了知心话，把她的一切情况都告诉了我。
　You young people should try to open a prospect by constant endeavor.　你们年轻人应该靠不断的努力来开创新的前途。
　Please open the door for me.　请帮我把门打开。
　He opened the way for this comrades-in-arms by sacrificing his own life.　他牺牲自己的生命为战友们开辟了前进的道路。
　Soon the door was opened by an old man.　不久门被一位老人打开了。
　When the gates of the ground were opened, all the football supporters crowded in.　当赛场的大门打开时，球迷们一拥而进。
　The library hasn't opened yet, so I have to hang about here.　图书馆还没开门，所以我只得在这儿呆着。
　A communication will be opened between the two cities.　这两个城市间的交通即将开通。
　Begun in 1989, the road was fully opened in 1993.　这条路1989年开始修建，1993年已全线通车。
　A park, a library and a swimming pool as well have been opened in this village.　这个村庄开设了一个公园，一个图书馆，甚至还有一个游泳池。
　When the door was opened the wind blew the leaves into the house.　一打开门，风把树叶吹进了屋里。
　His understanding wants to be opened.　他的理解力需要予以启发。
　Open your mouth wider when you pronounce the note.　发这个音时，把你的嘴张大一些。

 ♣ open at　(v.+prep.)
1. 把书翻到 put the book into
　Please open the book at 11.　请把书翻到11页。
2. 开火 begin shooting at sb
　The officer was forced to give orders to open fire at the crowd.　军官被迫命令向群众开火。
　We opened fire at the enemy at dawn.　我们于拂晓向敌人发起进攻。
 ♣ open into　(v.+prep.)
　通入　(of door, etc.) open in an inward direction towards; give entry to a place
　The two rooms open into each other.　这两个房间相通。
　The door opened into a strange little room with no furniture.　门向里开着，一个神秘的小屋，里面没有家具。
 ♣ open off　(v.+adv.)
　通到　have a door leading from sth
　The house has a long narrow hall, with all the downstairs rooms opening off it.　房子有一个又长又窄的通道，从这里可以通到楼下的各个房间。
 ♣ open on　(v.+prep.)
1. 对着 give a view of sth
　The windows open on a beautiful view of the lake.　从窗口可以看到湖的美景。
　The bedrooms open on the street.　卧室都对着街道。
2. 开火 open fire at; begin shooting at sb
　The gunboat opened fire on the mainland.　炮艇朝陆地开炮。
　The officer gave orders to open fire on the crowd.　军官命令向群众开火。
 ♣ open onto　(v.+prep.)
　通向；对着　give a view of sth
　The French windows open onto a beautiful old lawn.　落地窗朝向一个美丽而生长多年的草坪。
　Nobody is going to buy a house whose front door opens onto a gas works.　没有谁会买一栋前门对着煤气厂的房子。
　The side gate opens onto a small lane.　这扇门通向一条小巷。
 ♣ open out　(v.+adv.)
1. 伸展开来；变宽 (cause to) become wide open or spread
　This passage opens out somewhere outside the forest.　这条小路在这片森林外的地方展宽。
　Looking around from the top, there opened out before us a magnificent landscape that none of us had ever seen.　从顶上环视，展现在我们面前的是我们任何人都不曾见过的壮丽景色。
　At the foot of the mountain, the river opens out suddenly into a broad estuary.　这条河流经山脚突然向宽阔的港湾伸展开去。
　The street leads outside the city, where it opens out into a 4-lane highway.　这条街道直通城外，在那里路面伸展开来，成为一个四条车道的公路。
2. 发展 exist more fully; increase; improve
　Life opens out for a young man when he leaves school.　生活对于一个刚离开学校的年轻人来说充满了希望。
　Many of his talents opened out as he grew in years.　随着年龄的增长，他的许多才能也得到发展。
3. 畅谈 speak more freely; be less nervous and more friendly
　She was a bit shy at first, but after a while she opened out.　起初她有点害羞，但不一会儿就变得健谈起来。
　She opened out a great deal at the party for a change.　她在晚会上像变成另一个人似地健谈起来。
4. 展现 show
　The countryside opens out beyond those trees, and you can see for miles.　过那片树林，便豁然开朗，村野风光数里之外一览无遗。
　As we climbed to the top of the hill, a magnificent view opened out before us.　我们登到山顶时，一片壮丽的景色展现在我们眼前。
　He opened out the map and showed me the exact location of the city.　他打开地图把那座城市的确切位置指给我看。
　The future opens out a bright prospect for our younger generation.　未来为我们年轻一代展示光明前途。
5. 开花 blossom
　The buds will open out in a few days.　不出几天这些花蕾就会怒放。
　The flower opened out when the sun came out.　太阳一出来那花就盛开了。
 ♣ open to　(v.+prep.)
1. 为…打开门 open the door for
　She knocked and he opened the door to her.　她敲了敲门，于是他给她开了。
　The newly-built road opened the way to the economic intercourse between the two provinces.　新修的这条公路为两省的经济交流打开了方便之门。
　The extensive use of audio-visual aids has opened the way to better results in the teaching of foreign languages.　视听设备的广泛使用为外语教学取得更好的效果成为可能。
2. 对（某人）开放（某处） allow (sth) to be entered
　Some members have expressed a wish to open Council meetings to the public.　有些议员表示希望议会会议对公众公开。
　George felt much better after he opened his heart to Jerry.　乔治向杰瑞吐露了自己的心思以后，感到好受多了。
　Girls, in general, open their hearts to their mother(s), not to their father(s).　一般来说，女孩子有心里话都是跟母亲说，不跟父亲说。
　She opened her heart to the little beggar.　她非常同情那个小要饭的。
　The gardens of the great house will be opened to visitors next week.　这栋大房子的花园下周将对参观者开放。
3. 使通车 cause (a railway, highway or a bridge) to become open to traffic or become usable
　In southwest China, a new railway will be opened to traffic.　在中国西南，一条新铁路将通车。
　The new bridge across the Yangtse River is now opened to traffic.　新建的长江大桥现已通车。
 ♣ open up　(v.+adv.)
1. 〈非正〉开门 open the door
　Open up!This is the police!　开门！警察！
　Open up!I'm home.　快开门，我回来了。
2. 完全打开 open sth completely, especially if it has been closed for a long time
　My mother went to the front door and opened it up.　我母亲向前门走去，然后打开门。
　The police had to get special permission to open up the grave.　警察必须得到特许才能打开墓地。
　The children were allowed to open up their Christmas presents after breakfast.　早饭后孩子们才能打开圣诞礼物。
　When I opened up the package my parents sent me, I saw a beautiful skirt.　当我打开父母寄来的包裹时，我看到了一件漂亮的裙子。
3. 开业 open a shop for business
　We don't open up till 9:30.　我们9:30才开业。
　To open up a business is not so easy as to run it well.　开办一家企业并不比经营好它容易。
　The department store is opening up a new branch in one of the smaller towns.　商店正在较小的城镇中开办分店。
4. 打开 cut sth open, as to provide a way through
　In some places there was no way through for the railway line, so new passages had to be opened up with explosives.　有些地方无法铺设铁路线，一些新的路段得用炸药炸开。
5. 切开；打开 cut sb open, as in a hospital
　The surgeon opened up the patient's stomach to cut out the source of the trouble.　外科医生切开病人的胃以便清除病源。
　The bullet wound in his shoulder was opened up for treatment.　切开他肩上的枪伤进行治疗。
6. 开发 make possible the development of; bring sth within sb's reach
　The pioneers opened up this land over a hundred years ago.　开拓者在一百多年前就开发了这块土地。
　The company has decided to open up this area for business.　这个公司决定开发这块土地，供建房用。
　The government is hoping to open up new areas of industry to provide employment.　政府将开发新的工业区以提供就业机会。
　The building of the new road has really opened up the distant areas.　新公路的建设打开了边远地区的大门。
7. 变宽；展现；揭示 (especially of possibility) (cause to) begin to exist
　After a while the road opened up and they traveled more quickly.　过了一会儿，路变宽了，他们也走得更快了。
　The State Council are examining possibilities which are opening up in local affairs.　国务院正在考查处理地方事务的可行性。
　The story of the hero opened up a new world to me.　这位英雄的事迹使我大开眼界。
　Soon after she became successful, all sorts of opportunity began to open up.　她成功后不久，各种机遇纷纷出现。
　Scientific advance has opened up the possibility of curing this dreadful disease.　科学的发展使治愈这种可怕的疾病成为可能。
　Einstein's theories opened up a whole new field for study.　爱因斯坦的理论揭开了一个全新的研究领域。
8. 开火 (of a gun) begin firing
　We knew that there was no hope left for the town when the big guns opened up.　我们很清楚大炮一响那座城市一点希望也没有了。
　When they got close to the enemy lines, they opened up with all they had.　他们接近敌人阵地时，使用所有的武器射击。
9. 开诚布公地说；打开话匣子；畅谈 speak more freely
　The girl decided to open up and tell us everything.　这个女孩决定坦白地把一切都告诉我们。
　He was silent at first, but soon he opened up and told us about his terrible experiences.　他一开始沉默不语，但不久便讲起他那次可怕的经历。
　Mary hoped that Kent would open up at once about his visit, but he didn't.　玛丽希望肯特能马上把他此行的目的开诚布公地讲讲，但他没有这样做。
　The reporters tried every way to question him about the purpose of his new mission abroad, but he refused to open up.　记者们想方设法想问出他此次出使国外的目的，但他拒绝吐露实情。
10. 加速 (cause to) go fast
　〔说明〕 open up作此解时通常用于一般时态。
　Once we were on the main road, the car really opened up.　我们上了主路后，汽车才开起来。
　Can't you open up the engine a little more?　你能再开快点吗?
11. 活跃 (especially in sport) become more active; play more actively
　After a slow start, the team really opened up and hit 180 in two hours.　该队开场打得不好，但后来发挥得非常出色，在两小时内打了180分。
 ♣ open with　(v.+prep.)
1. 打开 make sth come open by using a tool
　Try opening the envelope with your thumbnail.　试一试用指甲打开信封。
　He opened the bottle with his teeth.　他用牙齿咬开了瓶盖。
2. 以…开始 (cause to) start with sth
　〔说明〕 open with作此解时通常不用于进行体。
　The sentence opens with an adverb.　这个句子以一个副词开头。
　The concert opened with a lively performance of a piece for two pianos.　音乐会以两架钢琴精彩地表演开始。
　The famous play opens with the appearance of a spirit, and closes with the deaths of four people.　该名剧以展现某种精神开始，以四个人的牺牲结束。
　The priest opened the service with a prayer.　神父以祈祷开始他的职责。
　The first artist opened the concert with a song.　第一位上场的艺术家以一首歌拉开了音乐会的开幕。

 ♣ open, begin
　参见begin条。
 ♣ open, hold
　参见hold条。
 ♣ open, unfold
　这两个词都有“打开”的意思，其区别在于：open是把原来封起来的或合起来的东西打开或揭开；而unfold则是指把原来包起来或卷起来的东西摊开。试比较：
　
 ♣ 下面各组中几个句子意思相同：
　
　
 ♣ 下面各组中句子的意思不同：
　
　

1. 这家图书馆对外开放已经一年了。
　［误］ The library has opened to the public for a year.
　［正］ The library opened to the public a year ago.
　［正］ It is a year since the library opened to the public.
　［析］ open是瞬间动词，其现在完成式不可与表示一段时间的状语搭配。
2. 约翰敲敲门，他祖父把门开了。
　［误］ John knocked on the door and his grandfather opened.
　［正］ John knocked on the door and his grandfather opened it.
　［析］ open表示“（某人）打开…”时，用作及物动词，表示“（某物自己）开了”时才用作不及物动词。
3. 商店开门了吗?
　［误］ Are the shops opened yet?
　［正］ Are the shops open yet?
　［析］ 表示一种状态时应该用系表结构be open, open是形容词。
4. 那个男孩站在那里，他的眼睛睁得大大的，牙齿紧咬着。
　［误］ The boy stood there, his eyes open wide and his teeth set.
　［正］ The boy stood there, his eyes opened wide and his teeth set.
　［析］ opened和set在这里是过去分词，强调动作，和名词连用，构成一种独立主格结构，在句中作伴随状语。

1. open在口语中偶尔也可接双宾语。例如：
　Open me the bottle, please.　请帮我把瓶盖打开。
　Please open me an account.　请给我立一个账户。
2. “开”字用法丰富，不可都译作open. 例如：
　开会attend a meeting；拉开了窗帘draw back the curtains；开汽车drive a car；开运动会hold〔have〕 a sports-meeting；开书店keep a bookstore；开张支票make out a check；开往前线move to the front；睁开眼睛open one's eyes；开机器operate a machine；开一个茶馆run a teahouse；开了两家工厂set up two factories；打开电视turn on the TV；水开了water boiling；开一封介绍信　write a letter of introduction

　［同义词］ adj. accessible, apparent, available, bare v. begin, commence, start; expand, extend
　［反义词］ adj. closed, covered, locked, shut v. close, clench
　［词源］　古英语open <古高地德语offan（开着的，开阔的）