| 词组 | need |
| 释义 | 1．下面三句里都用不定式： There is no need to hurry. Is there any need to hurry? What need is there to hurry? 把这三句里的 to hurry 改作 of hurrying 也可以，但不普通。下面三组都可以说，但每组的第一句比第二句普通： 2．the need 后面接 of 或 for 和动名词比接不定式普通，如the need of （或for）doing this 比the need to do this 普通。 3．There is need 后面接 for 和名词，如 There is need for more money 和 There is urgent need for more schools。a need 后面接 for 或 of 和名词，如 There is a need for（或of）more money，There is a need for（或of）improvement 和 We are well aware of a real need today for（或of）this sort of book。no（或some，或any，或not much）need 后面接 for 或 of 和名词，如 There is no need for（或of）more money 和 There is not much need for（或of）that sort of thing。the need 后面接 for 或 of 和名词，如 He spoke of the need for（或of）more money 和The need for（或of）further research is keenly felt。 4．have need of（需要）和 have need for 都可以说，have no need of 和 have no need for 也都可以说。 5．in need of 里的 of 不可改作 for。 6．have need to...（不定式）作“必须……”解。例如：He has need to work hard to catch up. 这语的过去式当然是had need to...（不定式）。但另有had need 一习语，作“应该……”解，后面的不定式通常没有 to，但有时也有 to。例如：You had need (to) be very careful. 这语里的 had 在形式上虽然属于过去时态，却并不指过去。have need to...（不定式）和 had need 现在都不很普通。 7．if need be 属于现在虚拟语气。例如：I shall be ready to do this, if need be. if need were 属于过去虚拟语气。例如：I should be ready to do this, if need were. 注意不可说 if need is 或 if need was。if need be 和 if need were 现在都不很普通。 8．need（动词）后面的动名词一定属于主动语态，但它的意思一定是被动的，如 The watch needs winding up 里的 winding 不可改作 being wound，但它的意思却是 being wound。假使把动名词改作不定式，便该说 The watch needs to be wound up，不可说 The watch needs to wind up。need（动词）后面的动名词的意思既然一定是被动的，所以不可说 I need winding the watch up，该把 winding 改作 to wind。比较下面四句： This sentence needs explaining.（不可把 explaining 改作 to explain） This sentence needs to be explained.（不可把 to be explained 改作 to explain） You need to explain this sentence.（不可把 to explain 改作 explaining） You need explaining.（这句的意思是：“你需要被人解释一下。”它的结构跟第一句相同。） 谚语 The best horse needs breaking, and the aptest child needs teaching（1．即使最好的马也需要受驯。2．即使最聪明的孩子也需要受教育）的结构也跟第一句相同。 下面每组里的两句意思相同： 但下面第二句远不及第一句自然，因为 telling...并不是一个单纯的动作： He does not need telling how to take notes. He needs no telling how to take notes. 9．need 是现在式，但在用作助动词的时候可以在疑问句和否定句里指过去，后面的不定式没有 to。例如： Need he go yesterday? He need not go yesterday. He need not have any help from us yesterday.（或 He need have no help from us yesterday.） 这三句可以改作： Did he need to go yesterday? He did not need to go yesterday.（或 He needed not to go yesterday.） He did not need to have any help from us yesterday.（或 He needed not to have any help from us yesterday. 或 He needed to have no help from us yesterday.） 不可说： Need he to go yesterday? He need not to go yesterday. He need not to have any help from us yesterday.（或 He need to have no help from us yesterday.） 也不可说： Did he need go yesterday? He did not need go yesterday.（或 He needed not go yesterday.） He did not need have any help from us yesterday.（或 He needed not have any help from us yesterday. 或 He needed have no help from us yesterday.） 我所说的“否定句”不一定有 not 或 no，hardly，scarcely，only 和 but 也是有否定的意味的词，如 He need hardly（或scarcely）go yesterday 和 He need only（或but）have a little help from us yesterday 或 He need have only（或but）a little help from us yesterday。 下面各句里用 need 而不用 needed，后面的不定式没有 to，因为各句都多少有些否定或疑问的意味： All he need do was to inquire. David said his idleness was the only thing about him that he need feel ashamed of. She wanted me to tell her whether she need copy her composition again. I wondered if he need wait any longer. 但各句里的 need...也可以改作 needed to...。 除了在疑问句和否定句以外，need 不可用作助动词，如不可说 He need go yesterday 和 He need have much help from us yesterday，该把 need go 改作 needed to go，把 need have 改作 needed to have。在事实上用 needed 不及用 had to...普通，如 had to go 和 had to have。 Did he need any money yesterday 和 He did not need any money yesterday 两句里的 need 把名词 money 做宾语，决不可把它改作助动词而说 Need he any money yesterday 和 He need not any money yesterday。 10．need 指过去是助动词，已经在9里讲过。need 在不指过去的时候也可以用作助动词，也用在疑问句和否定句里，后面的不定式没有 to，在第三人称不加 s。例如： Need he go today? He need not go today. He need not have any help from us today.（或 He need have no help from us today.） 这三句可以改作： Does he need to go today? He does not need to go today. He does not need to have any help from us today. 不可说： Need he to go today?（或Needs he to go today?） He need not to go today.（或 He needs not to go today.） He need not to have any help from us today.（或 He needs not to have any help from us today. He need to have my help from us today. 或 He needs to have no help from us today.） 也不可说： Does he need go today? He does not need go today.（或 He needs not go today.） He does not need have any help from us today.（或 He needs not have any help from us today. 或 He needs have no help from us today.） 下面两句也可以说（算作否定句）： He need hardly（或scarcely）go today. He need only（或but）have a little help from us today.（或 He need have only［或but］a little help from us today.） 但也可以说 He needs only（或 but）to have a little help from us today 和 He needs to have only（或 but）a little help from us today。 下面各句里用 need 而不用 needs，后面的不定式没有 to，因为各句都多少有些否定或疑问的意味： All he need do is to inquire. He says his idleness is the only thing about him that he need feel ashamed of. She wants me to tell her whether she need copy her composition again. I wonder if he need wait any longer. 但各句里的 need...也可以改作 needs to...。 除了在疑问句和否定句以外，need 不可用作助动词，如不可说 He need go today 或 He need have much help from us today，该把 need go 改作 needs to go，把 need have 改作 needs to have。在事实上用 needs 不及用 must 或 has to...普通，如 must go 和 must have，has to go 和 has to have。 Does he need any money today 和 He does not need any money today 两句里的 need 把名词 money 做宾语，决不可把它改作助动词而说 Need he any money today 和 He need not any money today。 He need not go today 往往含有“我允准他今天不去”的意思，He does not need to go today 并没有这含意。 11．在9里所举的 Need he go yesterday 和 He need not go yesterday 两句里的 need 指过去。在10里所举的 Need he go today 和 He need not go today 两句里的 need 并不指过去。假使单说 Need he go 或 He need not go，当然不能断定那 need 是否指过去，必须看了上下文才能确定。 12．在9里所举的 Need he go yesterday 改作 Need he have gone yesterday 也可以，He need not go yesterday 改作 He need not have gone yesterday 也可以。 He need not have gone yesterday 含有“可是他竟然去了”的意思。If he had known that she was not at home, he need not have gone to see her yesterday 里的 need not have gone 不可改作 need not go 或 did not need to go。 13．关于 need not 跟 must not 等的区别，参见 must 2 14．need not...to...（不定式）或 do not need to...（不定式）to...（不定式）作“不必……才能……”解，就是“也许不……而也能……”的意思。例如： You need not be（或 do not need to be）rich to help others.（你不必富了才能帮助别人，你也许不富而也能帮助别人。） One need not be（或 does not need to be）an artist oneself to appreciate a work of art.（1．一个人不必自己是艺术家才能鉴赏艺术品。2．一个人也许自己不是艺术家而也能鉴赏艺术品。） 15．need only（或 but）...to...（不定式）或 only need...to...（不定式）作“只须……就会……”解。例如： You need only（或 need but，或 only need）look round you to see how hard most people work.（你只须向四周看看就会见到大多数的人们怎样辛劳地工作。） One need only（或 need but，或 only need）consider the question carefully to be suprised that it has not yet received due attention. （一个人只须把这个问题仔细考虑一下，就会感觉奇怪它还不曾受到应有的注意。） |
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