| 词组 | than |
| 释义 | 1．下面每组里的第一句合乎语法，第二句不合语法。 在口语里第二句比第一句普通，但在文字里通常用第一句。不过在 than whom 中习惯用 whom，不用 who，如 Mr Francis Davis, than whom I do not think any Englishman in China writes better, is sixty-five years old 里的 whom 不可改作 who。 2．He is older than she. ＝He is older than she is. You write much better than I. ＝You write much better than I do. is 和 do 可有可无，假使没有，意思也很明白。但下面的第一句意思不明白，可能有第二句和第三句两个不同的意思： John likes Henry more than Peter. John likes Henry more than Peter does. John likes Henry more than he does Peter. 第二句里的 Peter does 等于 Peter does Henry 等于 Peter likes Henry。 Peter, than whom John likes Henry more, is a good boy 可能有两个意思：“彼得，约翰喜欢亨利过于喜欢他，是一个好男孩。”或“彼得，约翰喜欢亨利过于他喜欢亨利，是一个好男孩。”因为 than 后面只可以接 whom，不可接 who（参见 1），所以这句可能有第二个意思。当然下面两句都只有一个意思： Peter, whom John likes less than he does Henry, is a good boy. Peter, who likes Henry less than John does, is a good boy. 3．下面两句意思不同： John likes Henry more than does Peter. John likes Henry more than he does Peter. 第一句里的 does Peter 等于 Peter does。在这样简单的句子里用 does Peter 远不及用 Peter does 普通。假使 does 的主语长些，用 does...似乎比用...does 普通，如 John likes Henry better than does anybody else who has known him for less than a year 比 John likes Henry better than anybody else who has known him for less than a year does 普通。下面每组里的第一句似乎比第二句普通： 但这两组里的句子还是把 is 和 has 省去的好，省去了句子简洁些，意思也很明白。 4．I like you more than he. ＝I like you more than he does. 意思很明白。I like you more than him. ＝I like you more than I do him. 意思也很明白。没有受过良好教育的英美人有时把 I like you more than him 用作 I like you more than he 解，我们该避免。这种错误跟1里所说的 He is older than her 和 You write much better than me 两句里的错误相同，但那二句的意思并不含糊。2里的 Peter, than whom John likes Henry more, is a good boy 可能有两个意思，原因跟这里所说的相同。 5．下面两句都可以说： I know of no better artist than he. I know of no better artist than him. 第一句里的 he 等于 he is，第二句里 him 跟 artist 处于同一格，似乎第二句比第一句普通。 6．下面四句都不可说： I am more and more interested in it than ever. He will learn to speak English better and better than before. The people became less and less superstitious than in the beginning of the last century. More and more nations in Africa have become united than fifty years ago. more and more 自成为一种比较，就是“昨天比前天多，今天比昨天多，明天比今天多”的意思，better and better 和 less and less 也是这样。用了 and，便含有 than 的意思，所以 than ever，than before，than in the beginning of the last century 和 than fifty years ago 里的 than 便没有着落了。要使那 than 有着落，必须把 more and more interested 改作 more and more more interested，把 better and better 改作 more and more better，把 less and less 改作 more and more less（参见 more 7），More and more people 改作 More and more more people，但这些都不自然，只须把 and more，and better，and less 和 and more 删去好了，或者把 than...删去也好了。 当然，依照上面所说的三种改法得到的结果有三个意思。例如： I am more and more more interested in it than ever. （我对于这个逐渐比以往更加注意了。） I am more interested in it than ever. （我对于这个比以往注意了。） I am more and more interested in it. （我对于这个逐渐注意了。） 第二句和第三句都普通，第一句很不普通。但在必须表示第一句所表示的意思的场合似乎不能避免 more and more more。 7．下面第一句和第二句都可以说，第三句不可说： John is a better man than Henry. John is the better man of the two. John is the better man than Henry. the ...than 是错误的。John is a better man of the two 也不对。 8．7 里所举的第二句里的 the 是冠词，the... than 是错误的。I am none the better than you 里的 the 是副词，the ... than 也是错误的。 9．下面两句都不可说： The brim of my hat is wider than yours. （该在 than 的后面加上 that of） I like stories written in the first person better than the third person.（该在 than 的后面加上 those written in） 10．下面两句里的 than 都不算正当（参见 hardly 2和scarcely 2）： I had hardly entered the room than he left it. Scarcely had I arrived than he came out to meet me. 11．下面各句里的 than 后面直接接动词，可说是那动词的主语： I wish I could write English with more freedom than is at present possible. You seem to take a keener interest in the subject than has ever been shown before. He played the piano much better than could have been expected. We were kept waiting longer than was absolutely necessary. The town offers better cultural advantages than has been generally supposed. When he resumed reading he thought he had got further on than was actually the case. That morning we drank more tea than had been our custom. She found the house much more luxuriously furnished than suited her purpose. 12．下面每句里的 is 或 was 可有可无： We must not have more furniture in our rooms than (is) required for convenience. They came earlier than (was) expected. 13．在 do nothing else than，do less than，sooner than 和 rather than 后面的不定式没有 to。例如： I could do nothing else than wait. I could hardly do less than wait. I had sooner starve than surrender. （我宁愿饿死，不愿投降。） I stayed rather than go. 下面每句里的 than 后面的 to 可有可无： I cannot do better than (to) quote Shakespeare. You might do worse than (to) do as he does. （你依照他做，并不算坏。） I expect to fail no less than (to) succeed. 下面每句里的 than 后面的 to 也有人省去，但通常不省去： I know better than to believe him. （我不至于会相信他。） He is wiser than to waste much time over such trifles. She has a better opinion of you than to suspect you of anything. You have a greater command of English than to make such mistakes. 14．We went no further than Nanjing 里的 than 用作介词。 |
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