| 词组 | be |
| 释义 | 1．be 是系动词，如在 He is a good man 里，也是助动词，如在 He is respected by all 里。但一个词不该同时用作系动词和助动词，所以不可说 He is a good man，and respected by all，这里 and 后面该加上 is。 2．下面各句都用 There 开首： There is a book on the desk. There are two books on the desk. There are a few books on the desk. There are some books on the desk. There are many books on the desk. There are several books on the desk. A book is on the desk, Two books are on the desk 等都比较少见。 3．be＋及物动词的过去分词成为被动语态。例如：The book is read every day. 注意只有及物动词才有被动语态，be＋不及物动词的过去分词仍然属于主动语态，那过去分词有形容词性质，如 He is come 和 He has come 意思相仿，不过前者着重“已到了”的状态，后者着重“已到了”的动作罢了。可以跟 be 用在一起的不及物动词的过去分词现在有 gone，come，arrived，returned，fallen，grown 等。从前 got 和 become 也往往这样用，现在却不普通。 4．比较下面每组里的两句： 5．比较下面每组里的两句： 比较下面三句： You are insulting him. （你正在侮辱他。） You are insulting to him. （你对于他是侮辱的。） You are being insulting to him. （你正在故意对他侮辱。） 6．be（这里只指 be 这个词）用在以 if 引导的从句里现在很不普通，通常改用陈述语气，如 If it is...。但 Though...be...现在仍然普通，这因为 Though...is...和 Though...be...在意思上略有区别：Though...is...是“……虽然……”，Though ...be...是“……即使……”（其实……未必……），如 Though he is too weak to walk much, I will advise him to walk a little every day 和 Though he be too weak to walk much, I will advise him to walk a little every day。 7．It is recommended that the work not be started until all the necessary preparations have been made 里的 not be 不可改作 be not。 8．Are you happy? 不可改作 Do you be happy? Aren't you happy? 也不可改作 Don't you be happy? 比较下面每组里的两句： 9．Have you been to see him？是“你去看过他吗？”I have already been to see him 是“我已经去看过他了。” 10．was 或 were 后面接不定式完成体表示原来将怎样而不曾怎样。例如：He was to have married her. （他原来将跟她结婚［而不曾实行］。） |
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