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词组 contractions i ll don t etc
释义
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contractions : I'll , don't , etcain'tain't 337.4 Notes10067contractionscontractions 33710391don't, I'm, I've, etc: contractionsdon't, I'm, I've, etc: contractionsdon'tI'mI've contractions 33710500I'm, don't, I've, etc: contractionsI'm, don't, I've, etc: contractionsI'mI'vedon't contractions 33710836I've, don't, I'm, etc: contractionsI've, don't, I'm, etc: contractionsI'mI'vedon't contractions 33710837Word Formation and Spelling337 contractions: I'll, don't, etc1general rulesContractions are forms like I've, don't, in which an auxiliary verb is combined with another word. There are two kinds.noun/pronoun, etc + (auxiliary) verbI'm tired.My father's not very well.Do you know when you'll arrive?Where's the station?I've no idea.There's a problem.She'd like to talk to you.Somebody's coming.Here's our bus.(auxiliary) verb + notThey aren't ready.You won't be late, will you?I haven't seen him for ages.Can't you swim?Contractions are formed with auxiliary verbs, and also with be and sometimes have when these are not auxiliary verbs.The short form 's (= is/has) can be written after nouns (including proper names), question words, here and now as well as pronouns and unstressed there. The short forms 'll, 'd and 're are commonly written after pronouns and unstressed there, but in other cases we more often write the full forms (especially in British English), even if the words would be contracted in pronunciation.'Your mother will (/ˈmʌðərl/) be surprised', she said.
I wondered what had (/ˈwɒtəd/) happened.
Contractions are not usually written with double subjects.Jack and I have decided to split up. (not Jack and I've decided )The apostrophe (') goes in the same place as the letters that we leave out: has not = hasn't (not ha'snt). But note that shan't (BrE = shall not) and won't (= 'will not') only have one apostrophe each.Contractions are common and correct in informal writing: they represent the pronunciation of informal speech. They are not generally used in a formal style.
2alternative contractionsSome negative expressions can have two possible contractions. For she had not we can say she hadn't or she'd not; for he will not we can say he won't or he'll not. The two negative forms of be (e.g. she isn't and she's not) are both common. With other verbs, forms with n't (e.g. she hadn't) are more common in most cases in standard southern British English; they are the only forms normally used in American English. (Forms with not – e.g. she'd not – tend to be more common in northern and Scottish English.)Double contractions are not normally written: she'sn't is impossible.3positionContractions in the first group (noun / pronoun / question word + auxiliary verb) do not normally come at the ends of clauses. Compare:I'm late.Yes, you are. (not Yes, you're.)I've forgotten.Yes, you have. (not Yes, you've.)Negative contractions can come at the ends of clauses.They really aren't.No, I haven't.4list of contractionsStrong and weak forms (315) are given where appropriate.
ContractionPronunciationMeaning
I'm/aɪm/
I am
I've/aɪv/
I have
I'll/aɪl/
I will
I'd/aɪd/
I had/would
you're/jʊə(r); jɔː(r); jə(r)/
you are
you've/juːv; jəv/
you have
you'll/juːl; jəl/
you will
you'd/juːd; jəd/
you had/would
he's/hiːz; hɪz/
he is/has
he'll/hiːl; hɪl/
he will
he'd/hiːd; hɪd/
he had/would
she's/ʃiːz; ʃɪz/
she is/has
she'll/ʃiːl; ʃɪl/
she will
she'd/ʃiːd; ʃɪd/
she had/would
it's/ɪts/
it is/has
it'd (uncommon)/ˈɪtəd/
it had/would
we're/wɪə(r)/
we are
we've/wiːv; wɪv/
we have
we'll/wiːl; wɪl/
we will
we'd/wiːd; wɪd/
we had/would
they're/ðeə(r); ðe(r)/
they are
they've/ðeɪv; ðev/
they have
they'll/ðeɪl; ðel/
they will
they'd/ðeɪd; ðed/
they had/would
there's/ðeəz; ðəz/
there is/has
there'll/ðeəl; ðəl/
there will
there'd/ðeəd; ðəd/
there had/would
aren't/ɑːnt/
are not
can't/kɑːnt/
cannot
couldn't/ˈkʊdnt/
could not
daren't/deənt/
dare not
didn't/ˈdɪdnt/
did not
doesn't/ˈdʌznt/
does not
don't/dəʊnt/
do not
hadn't/ˈhædnt/
had not
hasn't/ˈhæznt/
has not
haven't/ˈhævnt/
have not
isn't/ˈɪznt/
is not
mightn't/ˈmaɪtnt/
might not
mustn't/ˈmʌsnt/
must not
needn't/ˈniːdnt/
need not
oughtn't/ˈɔːtnt/
ought not
shan't/ʃɑːnt/
shall not
shouldn't/ˈʃʊdnt/
should not
usedn't/ˈjuːsnt/
used not
wasn't/ˈwɒznt/
was not
weren't/wɜːnt/
were not
won't/wəʊnt/
will not
wouldn't/ˈwʊdnt/
would not
NotesDo not confuse it's (= it is/has) and its (possessive).Am not is only normally contracted in questions to aren't (/ɑːnt/
).
I'm late, aren't I?
Note the difference in pronunciation of can't in British English (/kɑːnt/
) and American English (/kænt/
).
Daren't, mightn't, oughtn't, shan't and usedn't are rare, especially in American English; needn't is rare in American English.In non-standard English, ain't (pronounced /eɪnt/
) is used as a contraction of am not, are not, is not, have not and has not.
I ain't going to tell him.Don't talk to me like that – you ain't my boss.'It's raining.''No it ain't.'I ain't got no more cigarettes.James ain't been here for days.
For the contraction let's, 225.May not is not normally contracted: mayn't is very rare.
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更新时间:2024/10/30 12:21:43