词组	contractions i ll don t etc
释义	Contents overview contractions : I'll , don't , etcain'tain't 337.4 Notes10067contractionscontractions 33710391don't, I'm, I've, etc: contractionsdon't, I'm, I've, etc: contractionsdon'tI'mI've contractions 33710500I'm, don't, I've, etc: contractionsI'm, don't, I've, etc: contractionsI'mI'vedon't contractions 33710836I've, don't, I'm, etc: contractionsI've, don't, I'm, etc: contractionsI'mI'vedon't contractions 33710837Word Formation and Spelling337 contractions: I'll, don't, etc1general rulesContractions are forms like I've, don't, in which an auxiliary verb is combined with another word. There are two kinds.noun/pronoun, etc + (auxiliary) verbI'm tired.My father's not very well.Do you know when you'll arrive?Where's the station?I've no idea.There's a problem.She'd like to talk to you.Somebody's coming.Here's our bus.(auxiliary) verb + notThey aren't ready.You won't be late, will you?I haven't seen him for ages.Can't you swim?Contractions are formed with auxiliary verbs, and also with be and sometimes have when these are not auxiliary verbs.The short form 's (= is/has) can be written after nouns (including proper names), question words, here and now as well as pronouns and unstressed there. The short forms 'll, 'd and 're are commonly written after pronouns and unstressed there, but in other cases we more often write the full forms (especially in British English), even if the words would be contracted in pronunciation.'Your mother will (/ˈmʌðərl/) be surprised', she said. I wondered what had (/ˈwɒtəd/) happened. Contractions are not usually written with double subjects.Jack and I have decided to split up. (not Jack and I've decided …)The apostrophe (') goes in the same place as the letters that we leave out: has not = hasn't (not ha'snt). But note that shan't (BrE = shall not) and won't (= 'will not') only have one apostrophe each.Contractions are common and correct in informal writing: they represent the pronunciation of informal speech. They are not generally used in a formal style.2alternative contractionsSome negative expressions can have two possible contractions. For she had not we can say she hadn't or she'd not; for he will not we can say he won't or he'll not. The two negative forms of be (e.g. she isn't and she's not) are both common. With other verbs, forms with n't (e.g. she hadn't) are more common in most cases in standard southern British English; they are the only forms normally used in American English. (Forms with not – e.g. she'd not – tend to be more common in northern and Scottish English.)Double contractions are not normally written: she'sn't is impossible.3positionContractions in the first group (noun / pronoun / question word + auxiliary verb) do not normally come at the ends of clauses. Compare:–I'm late.Yes, you are. (not Yes, you're.)–I've forgotten.Yes, you have. (not Yes, you've.)Negative contractions can come at the ends of clauses.They really aren't.No, I haven't.4list of contractionsStrong and weak forms (315) are given where appropriate. Contraction Pronunciation Meaning I'm /aɪm/ I am I've /aɪv/ I have I'll /aɪl/ I will I'd /aɪd/ I had/would you're /jʊə(r); jɔː(r); jə(r)/ you are you've /juːv; jəv/ you have you'll /juːl; jəl/ you will you'd /juːd; jəd/ you had/would he's /hiːz; hɪz/ he is/has he'll /hiːl; hɪl/ he will he'd /hiːd; hɪd/ he had/would she's /ʃiːz; ʃɪz/ she is/has she'll /ʃiːl; ʃɪl/ she will she'd /ʃiːd; ʃɪd/ she had/would it's  /ɪts/ it is/has it'd (uncommon) /ˈɪtəd/ it had/would we're /wɪə(r)/ we are we've /wiːv; wɪv/ we have we'll /wiːl; wɪl/ we will we'd /wiːd; wɪd/ we had/would they're /ðeə(r); ðe(r)/ they are they've /ðeɪv; ðev/ they have they'll /ðeɪl; ðel/ they will they'd /ðeɪd; ðed/ they had/would there's /ðeəz; ðəz/ there is/has there'll /ðeəl; ðəl/ there will there'd /ðeəd; ðəd/ there had/would aren't  /ɑːnt/ are not can't  /kɑːnt/ cannot couldn't /ˈkʊdnt/ could not daren't  /deənt/ dare not didn't /ˈdɪdnt/ did not doesn't /ˈdʌznt/ does not don't /dəʊnt/ do not hadn't /ˈhædnt/ had not hasn't /ˈhæznt/ has not haven't /ˈhævnt/ have not isn't /ˈɪznt/ is not mightn't /ˈmaɪtnt/ might not mustn't /ˈmʌsnt/ must not needn't /ˈniːdnt/ need not oughtn't /ˈɔːtnt/ ought not shan't /ʃɑːnt/ shall not shouldn't /ˈʃʊdnt/ should not usedn't /ˈjuːsnt/ used not wasn't /ˈwɒznt/ was not weren't /wɜːnt/ were not won't /wəʊnt/ will not wouldn't /ˈwʊdnt/ would not NotesDo not confuse it's (= it is/has) and its (possessive).Am not is only normally contracted in questions to aren't (/ɑːnt/ ).I'm late, aren't I?Note the difference in pronunciation of can't in British English (/kɑːnt/ ) and American English (/kænt/ ).Daren't, mightn't, oughtn't, shan't and usedn't are rare, especially in American English; needn't is rare in American English.In non-standard English, ain't (pronounced /eɪnt/ ) is used as a contraction of am not, are not, is not, have not and has not.I ain't going to tell him.Don't talk to me like that – you ain't my boss.'It's raining.''No it ain't.'I ain't got no more cigarettes.James ain't been here for days.For the contraction let's, 225.May not is not normally contracted: mayn't is very rare.Previous Next
随便看	end and finish verbs england england britain the united kingdom england britain the united kingdom and the british isles enjoy enough enough_2 especially especially and specially etc even eventually ever ever so ever such every every and all every one every the difference everything except except and except for except for exceptions exclamation mark exclamations

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