| 词组 | based on, based upon |
| 释义 | based on, based upon When based on begins a sentence, language commentators get worried. The problem is that in such a position, the phrase tends to be a dangling modifier: • Based on futures prices today for October delivery, Cuba will pay around $1.5 million —TV. Y. Times, 25 Apr. 1964 • Based on a systems planning approach, Battelle will come up with a number of procedures —American School Board Jour., Septebmer 1968 Based upon is occasionally used in the same way: • Based upon these prior inquiries, we believe that appropriate club quarters can be provided —form letter quoted in Edmund Wilson, The Bit Between My Teeth, 1965 The sin here is a venial one. Some of the commentators on the use of based on (for instance, Barzun 1985, Freeman 1983, Bernstein 1965) readily admit that there are other fixed participial phrases used similarly—owing to, strictly speaking, given, speaking of, according to, for example—and never questioned. These writers feel that based on simply has not yet become established in the function of an absolute participle. Grammatically it works in the same way as the others, however, and the sentences given above as examples are prefectly understandable at first reading. Our evidence for the construction, however, is quite scanty; perhaps the construction is not common enough to have become solidly established. Note that when a based on phrase clearly modifies an element later in the sentence, it is not dangling and is fully acceptable: • Based on the evidence to date, the best answer is that both are probably involved —Jeanne Chall, The Instructor, March 1968 |
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