| 词组 | good |
| 释义 | good 1. Feel good, feel well. Some surprising assertions have been made about this rather ordinary pair of expressions. The Oxford American Dictionary, published in 1980, assures us that "it is also incorrect to say I feel good when speaking for one's health." This view is not without some support in usage books, although we had to hunt back over a goodly span of years to find the next most recent assertion of it: it is in MacCracken & Sandison 1917. Before them we find Vizetelly 1906. We do not know where Vizetelly got the idea. MacCracken & Sandison further inform us that '"He feels (looks) good' really means 'He feels (looks) virtuous.''" The correlative of this notion can be found in the comments on bad made by Bache 1869 (see bad, badly). Opposed to the OAD is Harper 1985, wherein feel good is prescribed to refer to health. Today virtually everybody agrees that both good and well after feel and look are predicate adjectives. The years of disagreement over which was correct seem to have contributed to some differentiation. Look well and feel well tend to express good health. Feel good can express good health or it can suggest good spirits in addition to good health. Look good does not generally refer to health, it relates to some aspect of appearance. This need not be personal appearance: • Somebody in the company decided it would look good if they bought cheaper paper towels —And More by Andy Rooney, 1982 See also feel bad, feel badly. 2.Good as an adverb. Although the adverbial use of good dates back to the 13th century, the patterns it appears in in present-day English seem to have established themselves in the 19th century. And in the 19th century also we find the beginning of the tradition of reprehending those uses—our earliest commentator is Bache 1869. We can fairly confidently assume a spoken origin here; Bache antedates the earliest 19th-century example in the OED by about twenty years. All of the schoolbooks and many of the college handbooks and other usage books that we have consulted insist that good is an adjective only. The more enlightened commentators recognize the adverb's existence. They correctly associate it primarily with speech. The schoolmasterly insistence on well for the adverb may have contributed to the thriving condition of adverbial good: • Insistence on well rather than good... has created a semantic split related to the adjective-adverb distinction but extending beyond it: good has become emotionally charged, well is colorless. He treats me good expresses more appreciation than He treats me well, and She scolded him, but good can hardly be expressed with well at all —Bolinger 1980 The justice of Bolinger's observation is nowhere better illustrated than in the world of American professional sports, where good is the emotionally charged adverb of choice: • It was a sinker low and inside. I've been in a little slump the last two weeks. Today, I was swinging the bat good —Tony Armas, quoted in Springfield (Mass.) Union, 4 Sept. 1984 • Guidry hung a slider. I just exploded all over it. I mean, it was kissed. I hadn't hit the ball good in a month —Reggie Jackson with Mike Lupica, Playboy, June 1984 • "The boys did good," Manager Bamberger said, smiling —Roger Angell, New Yorker, 10 May 1982 • ... I haggled pretty good and got almost as much as the top guys —Billie Jean King, quoted in Ms., July 1973 The adverbial good is not, however, limited to sports: • It pays good and keeps the boys in school —Archibald MacLeish, letter, 14 Oct. 1936 • ... the press which implies only a kind of competitive point-scoring with the Communists. They goose us; we goose them back good —John Kenneth Gal-braith, Ambassador's Journal, 1969 • This works pretty good. Roxanne pats his hand and tells him not to get upset —Garrison Keillor, Lake Wobegon Days, 1985 • I like "Noon Wine" pretty good but the others tend to be coy —Flannery O'Connor, letter, 26 July 1962 • Test pilots are at home writing technical flight reports, but we don't do so good when it comes to rich, lyrical prose —Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Gemini: A Personal Account of Man's Venture into Space, 1968 • ... Doc Moore's car had a tree fall on it and smash it up real good —Bill Paul, Wall Street Jour., 27 May 1975 Our evidence shows that adverbial good is common in the speech of the less educated, but is also known and used by the better educated. It is almost de rigueur in professional sports. Bernstein 1977 reports that the adverb as used in sports grates on Edwin Newman ( 1974). But it does not grate on Reggie Jackson or Tony Armas or Billie Jean King, the ones who know the lingo. And one should not assume that well is avoided out of ignorance—a professional basketball coach interviewed on television after a game began by saying that the team played good but in mentioning the contributing factors said that they shot well and they rebounded well. The nuances here are plain to sports fans but are overlooked by usage writers. As the quotations above suggest, adverbial good is still primarily a speech form. Our evidence is mostly from reported or fictional speech, letters, and similar breezy and familiar contexts. It is not likely to be needed in a book review or a doctoral dissertation. See also bad, badly. 3. Most commentators fail to mention the intensive use of adverbial good. It often modifies many or a number and is preceded by a: • ... something Hilaire Belloc noted a good 50 years ago —John Simon, N.Y. Times Book Rev., 14 Oct. 1979 • But a good many other Americans at that time could take a college education or leave it alone —Tom Wicker, Change, September 1971 This is an entirely standard use. It was listed as an "incorrect phrase" in Joseph Hervey Hull's Grammar of 1829, however. 4. See as good as. |
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