| 词组 | identical |
| 释义 | identical Identical, says Bernstein 1965, takes the preposition with or to. But in Winners & Sinners, 15 Oct. 1964, he had taken a different view. Criticizing this sentence, • He said that Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy, faced with similar legislation, had taken positions identical to his —N. Y. Times, 9 Oct. 1964 Bernstein said "the favored preposition is 'with,' not 'to.'" Where he derived this idea is uncertain, unless he saw Follett 1966 in manuscript (Follett prescribes with but shows only examples with to) or Treble & Vallins 1937 (who prescribe with, not mentioning to). Opinion on the matter is divided between Treble & Vallins 1937, Sellers 1975, Phythian 1979 (all British), Colter 1981 (Canadian), Himstreet & Baty 1977 (U.S.), and Follett 1966 (U.S.), who prescribe identical with and Bernstein 1965, Copperud 1970, 1980, Harper 1975, 1985, Heritage 1982 and Longman 1984, who accept both with and to. Evidence shows identical with to be the older form, attested in the OED as far back as the 17th century. Follett claims that identical to is an Americanism, but the evidence is too sketchy to be certain of that. Our earliest citation for identical to is American: • Such a situation is identical to that which would exist if... —Scientific American, June 1922 But its use is not exclusively American; Longman 1984 recognizes British use, and we have a few examples: • ... and yet the decoration of the Cheyenne tepee and 'chief sticks', and their version of the Sun Dance, were not identical to those of their neighbours —H. W. M. Hodges, Antiquity, September 1957 • This situation is identical to the survival in North America of earlier English terms that have long since passed out of use in the mother country —John Gei-pel, The Viking Legacy, 1971 In 1950 our evidence showed identical with to be about twice as frequent as identical to; since then new accessions for each form have been about equal. Neither preposition appears to be eclipsing the other, and both are fully acceptable. We note only one trace of preference in our evidence: all of our mathematical citations use with. Here are a handful of examples of both constructions: • The boat was small, identical to the one in which they landed —Norman Mailer, The Naked and the Dead, 1948 • ... a preliminary injunction almost identical to his original restraining order —Newsweek, 16 Dec. 1946 • ... when 0 is added to any given number, the sum is identical with the given number —Mary P. Dolciani et al., Modern Algebra and Trigonometry, 1973 • ... advantages almost identical with those that we ourselves obtain —John Wyndham, The Kraken Wakes, 1953 • ... some of their implements were identical with those displayed in museums at New Bedford — Henry Bettle Hough, N. Y. Times Book Rev., 25 Apr. 1954 |
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