| 词组 | climb |
| 释义 | climb 1.Climb was originally an irregular verb of the same class as sing and begin. It began to be used with regular inflections around the 16th century. Webster's Third shows three surviving forms of the old strong inflections for both past and past participle: dim, clomb, clum. All are marked as dialectal. The Dictionary of American Regional English shows clum (also spelled dumb) to be fairly widespread; dim is found in the Atlantic states and New England; clomb is chiefly Midland. It also reports clam as a Southern form used chiefly by blacks. A recent survey of Canadian English (Scargill 1974) found dumb still in occasional use there. Johnson's 1755 dictionary showed clomb as the first variant for both past and past participle; clomb was used as a rhyme word by both Coleridge and Wordsworth; it turns up in the journals of Lewis and Clark at about the same period (1805). But in the latter part of the 20th century, it has dwindled to dialectal use, along with dim and clum(b). • ... in the night sometime he got powerful thirsty and dumb out on to the porch-roof —Mark Twain, Huckleberry Finn, 1884 2. Climb down, climb up. Several 20th-century commentators, including Vizetelly 1906, Bierce 1909, and Einstein 1985, have decided that the use of down with climb (which has been going on since about 1300) must be wrong since climb means "to go up." These same writers, along with Bryson 1984, Partridge 1942, and Bernstein 1965, also censure climb up (which has been around since 1123) as redundant. "How can you climb down?" asks Einstein rhetorically—a question that no doubt has occurred to several who have found themselves up trees. Certainly you need not take Vizetelly's advice: he prescribes crawl down, which (if we are determined to be literal-minded) might work for caterpillars or snakes, but not so well for the rest of us. Actually, as some of the following examples show, climb down is not always used literally. • ... she began to smile, and Maclver climbed down off the stool —Robert Murphy, Saturday Evening Post, 4 Dec. 1954 • ... the embarrassment ... to the United States of climbing down from the perch from which we denounced all deals —Michael Straight, New Republic, 11 July 1955 • He climbs amiably down mine shafts —Pierre Ber-ton, Maclean's Canada, 15 June 1953 • ... they've had to confess their mistake ... and soon they'll have to climb down about the interview — John Buchan, Castle Gay, 1930 Typical of the critics' remarks about climb up is this from Bryson 1984: • But in a sentence such as 'He climbed up the ladder', the up does nothing but take up space. The up after climb is really no different than Bryson's up after take: it is an idiomatic accompaniment adding a little emphasis that helps prevent a one-syllable verb from being overlooked. Even usage writers cannot avoid those idiomatic particles, and there is not the least reason that you should worry about yours. Also note that many uses of climb up are not especially literal: • ... the hills that climb dizzily up from Bernkastel's narrow cobblestone streets —Frank J. Priai, N.Y. Times, 3 Nov. 1976 • Your road, pleasant with shade-trees, climbs up and down steep little hills —Thomas Wood, Cobbers, 1938 • A major who climbed up to take a look —Burtt Evans, in The Best from Yank, 1945 • It takes what seems a long time ... for anti-aircraft fire to climb up from muzzle to target —Ira Wolfert, Torpedo 8, 1943 The fact is that climb is very frequently used with adverbs, prepositions, and combinations of both, like down from and up from. Here is a selection of other adverbs and prepositions that the usage experts do not bother to mention: • West of Iron River US 2 climbs steadily upward — American Guide Series: Michigan, 1941 • They exchanged glares and he climbed reluctantly out of the car —Mary Jane Rolfs, No Vacancy, 1951 • His profession was, in fact, the main avenue by which individuals might climb out of the class of manual workers —Benjamin Farrington, Greek Science, 1953 • ... let me climb out on a limb and tell you what the general sales outlook seems to be —Richard C. Bond, Toys and Novelties, March 1954 • ... Uncle Daniel and I climbed in my trusty Ford — Eudora Welty, The Ponder Heart, 1954 • ... has no hesitation about climbing in & out of her filmy clothes —Time, 22 June 1953 • ... knocked Sihanouk off his perch and let the Khmer Rouge climb into his place —Ross Terrill, N. Y. Times Book Rev., 15 June 1975 • ... temperatures will climb into the upper 70s — Atlanta Constitution, 19 Sept. 1984 • ... ivy climbs over the thick white porch columns —American Guide Series: Louisiana, 1941 • ... the clear young flame climbed lithely through the shavings —Charles G. D. Roberts, Hoof and Claw, 1914 • But after considering, the bear climbed back up — Edward Hoagland, Harper's, February 1971 • ... the Dow Jones industrials had climbed back into the 780-790 range —John W. Schulz, Forbes, 1 Dec. 1970 • ... the world population might climb to the 10,000 million mark —Lord Boyd Orr, Books of the Month, April 1953 • ... climb on a plane in New York —Horace Sutton, Saturday Rev., 2 Jan. 1954 • ... has been unable to climb above third place — Joel Colton, Yale Rev., March 1954 Those selections should give you a good idea of the adverbs and prepositions that regularly go with climb. It is not, however, an exhaustive list. Our advice is to use any of the ones that seem appropriate in a given context. |
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