【问】 (A) I ought________those books back to the library last week. A. take B. to take C. have taken D. to have taken (B) My sister________ here by now，for she took the early train. A. must arrive B. can arrive C. may arrive D. ought to have arrived.(日本高考英语试题，81) 上面两道题都要求选D(ought to+完成时不定式)。但上列两道题中的ought to+完成时不定式所表达的意义似乎不同。请详析。 【答】 ought to+完成时不定式一般可表达两种完全不同的含义。 A.表示“本应该做，而实际没有做某事”，相当于should+完成时不定式。有时含有“责备”、“批评”等含义： 1. I ought to have left London before 9.(LEG) 我本应该在9点以前离开伦敦。 2. I ought to have phoned Ed this morning. but I forgot. (BEU) 我今天上午本应该给埃德打电话，但我却给忘了。 3. I ought to have helped her，but I never could. (Snow) 我本应该帮助她，但我却总是爱莫能助。 4. She ought to have had more consideration for you. (Shaw) 她本应当给你更多的关照。 5. A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side-street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic. (New Concept English，Book 2，L. 65) 一位警察前来对吉米说，他们本应该走小巷，因为大象江波有碍交通。 6. They ought to have met her at the station. (CGEL) 他们本应该在车站去接她的。 oughtn't to have done则表示“本不应当做某事，而事实上却做了某事”。 1. You oughtn't have stopped on the motorway. 你本不应该在高速公路上停车的。 2. She was very much depressed;I oughtn't to have told her the truth. 869 ought to have done 她非常忧愁;我本不该把实情告诉她。 3. You ought not to have said such a thing. 你本不应该说这样的话。 B.表示推论或推测某事已经发生，含有说话人不能肯定其说法是否正确的含义(请与musthave done作对比)： If he had started at nine o’clock，he ought to have been in London by eleven o’clock. (Palmer) 如果他是九点钟出发的话，那他十一点钟该到达伦敦了。 请做下面的英语试题： 1. You went to the wrong shop，You ought____to the shop next to the cinema，butyou went to the shop by the Post Office. A. go B. to go C. have gone D. to have gone(EPT) 2. We____the letter yesterday，but it didn’t arrive. A. must receive B. must have received C. ought to receive D. ought to have received 3. I’m very sorry for what has happened;the serious consequences ought to____out tothose concerned at the very beginning. A. point B. be pointed C. have pointed D. have been pointed 4. Tom ought not to____me your secret，but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told(全国高考英语试题，1993)