■ (hold... in) contemptcontempt(抽象名词)是“鄙视”的态度。 - He felt nothing but contempt for them.他对他们只是感到鄙视。
- They treated him with contempt.他们用鄙视的态度来对待他。
to hold somebody in contempt 原意是“对某人持鄙视态度”(延续状态)。“藐视法庭”这项罪名,英文叫做 contempt of court, 认定某人藐视法庭,是 to hold somebody in contempt of court。但是这一来,to hold somebody in contempt 中,本来这个 somebody 是被鄙视的对象,后面一加上 of court 后,这个 somebody 却反而成了藐视法庭的主体。更有甚者,有时候行文连 of court 也省略掉了,结果出现了怪事,to hold somebody in contempt 变成了具有两个相反意义的词组,一个是“鄙视某人”,一个是“认定某人藐视法庭”;而某人如果被认定 in contempt 或是被 held in contempt,就可能被罚款或判刑。两个意义相反的 hold in contempt 如何鉴别?初步看来,法庭(还有议会)认定某人对它藐视,这是一个做出决定的行动,所以是瞬时的,而对某人持鄙视态度,则是延续的状态。因此,如果动词 hold 作为瞬时动词(第四类动词),就是认定某人藐视法庭或藐视议会。如果动词 hold 作为延续动词(第一类动词),那就是他人(主语)鄙视某人。 be in contempt 也是“被法庭认定有蔑视罪”的意思。 - You'll be in contempt if you don't...你如果不…,就是犯了蔑视法庭罪。
hold 作为第四类(瞬时动作)动词的。 - The House voted Thursday to hold two of President Bush's confidants in contempt for failing to cooperate with an inquiry into whether a purge of federal prosecutors was politically motivated. (The Associated Press, Feb. 14, 2008)众议院星期四表决认定,布什总统的两名心腹,由于没有提供合作来查明究竟一次对联邦检察官的清洗是否出于政治动机,因而犯有藐视国会的行为(has hold 是瞬时行动)。
hold 作为第一类(延续状态)动词的。 - Till then I hold them in contempt and feel they cannot be trusted.只要还没有做到那样,我都一直看不起他们,觉得他们不可信任(hold 是延续状态)。
又例如:纽约市 2007 年为了促进母乳喂养婴儿,停止向分娩出院的产妇发放配方奶粉,一名从事产妇保健工作的人表示拥护,说: - My job is to help these ladies meet their breastfeeding goals and find ways to fit breastfeeding into what works for their families. Does it make me upset that some moms don't even try it before they put it down? Yes. Do I hold them in contempt for their choice? Not usually unless...我的任务,就是要帮助这些女士们达到她们用母乳喂奶的目的,并且要找到办法来使得母乳喂奶能够适应她们家庭的条件。有些妈妈,连试都不试一下,就放下这个办法,我看见了很不舒服。是呀。我会因为看到她们作出的选择而看不起她们吗?通常是不会的,除非…(hold 是延续状态)
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