释义 |
■ look这个动词有不同的意义,从而也有不同的“体”: 1) 自己向外看(包括用眼睛向外看和内心对外界抱某种见解),后面都要加上介词成分: a) 如果加上介词成分后表示自己有意作出的行动,这个动词就是第二类动词,时态就可以有现在或过去进行时,显示“延续性的动作”。 - He was looking at them angrily.他怒气冲冲地盯着他们。
同样, - look for 找
- look in on顺便串门访问
- look into细察
- look out for留神注意
- look on(有意的动作)观看
都可以有现在或过去进行时。但如果采用一般过去时,则显示“瞬时性的动作”。 b) 如果加上介词成分后不是自己有意作出的行动,而只是内心的一种见解,那就是第一类动词,时态就不能用进行时。 - look on(非有意动作)认为
- look up to敬仰
- look down on瞧不起,都是如此。
2) 给别人看自己的样子(第一类动词,相当于系动词,接近于 seem,后面接上形容词或名词性质的表语,但不能接上介词成分。由于是状态而不是行动,时态不可以有进行时)。 - Your father looks angry.你父亲样子很生气。
- She looked at least forty.她样子起码有四十岁(look 与 at 不能连在一起)。
- You don't look your age.你不像这个年龄。
- I expect I look a mess.我想我大概是仪表不整吧。
- Now that you are a professor, I would appreciate it if you would make an effort to look your part.你现在既然是个教授,我倒很希望你能下点功夫,显得你像个教授的样子。
- Prosecutors called (him) the "perfect sleeper agent," though he hardly looked the part. (The Washington Post, April 3, 2008)检察官称他为“地道的卧底特工”,但是他的样子却不那么像。
- He particularly wanted to look good to his boss in these final months.他特别想要在这最后几个月给上司一个好印象。
- She tried to look her prettiest for her grandmother.她想方设法要在祖母面前显示最好看的样子。
- The prime minister has looked in political peril.总理有点政治上地位不稳的样子。
- You don't look a day over 58. (Newsweek, Oct. 10, 2005, p.69)你的样子一点也不像过了 58 岁。
- I'm shortsighted, so I need them (= the glasses). But I know I look better(不是“看得更清楚”)without glasses. That's why I take them off a lot.我近视眼,所以我要用眼镜。不过我知道我不戴眼镜样子好看些。所以我常常把眼镜摘下。
- Rembrandt was so pre-eminently good at rendering emotions, not just how we look(不是“我们如何看东西”)but how we think and feel.伦勃朗是多么的善于表现感情,不光是表现我们的外表,而且是表现我们的心思和感受。
- How do you suppose I'd look going back begging Congress to lift sanctions I could have vetoed in the first place?对于制裁,我本来就可以加以否决,但是没有否决,到现在回过头来要我哀求国会取消,你看我如果这样做会成何体统?
- Everywhere we look, we are bombarded by the media telling us how we should look and it affects our body image. Even cartoon characters are drawn a certain way, often sending an unrealistic message—especially to women—about the way they are supposed to look.我们无论在何处亮相,媒体都对我们进行疲劳轰炸,告诉我们应该外表如何,这会如何影响到我们的身体形象。甚至漫画人物也专门画成某个样子,发出不现实的信息(尤其是对女性),告诉她们应该摆出怎么样的外表。
下面一个例句特别值得注意: - Seniors a burden? That sure isn't how his gray-haired residents look to Mayor Bill Saffo of Wilmington. (US News & World Report, Oct. 2, 2006, p.54)
按照一般的词典解释,look to X for Y 是主语自己主动去向 X 泉源寻找 Y 事物。如: - to look to religion for strength向宗教寻求力量
又如: - They're looking to you for guidance.他们在寻求您的指导。
如果没有 for,则 look to 的意思是“找”或“照料”,如: - It's best to look to an expert.最好找一位专家。
又如: - Every country must look to its defenses.每个国家都必须照料自己的防务。
但是上述 look to 都是自己有意作出的动作,而这个例句中的 look to 却是不经过自己的意愿而给与他人的印象,是“让别人看自己的样子”,to 某某人是指某某人得到印象。全句应该译成:“老年人是个负担吗?韦尔明顿市长比尔·萨福对他的那些头发灰白的居民们的看法,肯定不是如此(是市长看老人,不是老人看市长,尽管 look 的主语是老人)”。需要进一步说明的是:如果 look 带有一点自己有意摆出某个样子的意思,或是仅属一时的表现,也可以用进行时。 - You're not looking yourself.你现在样子很特别。
- He was looking every inch the superstar.他处处都摆出超级明星的派头(注意 look 后面没有介词)。
- He was thirty-five years old and looked it.他三十五岁,看起来也是这个年龄。
- ... China looks the coming power. (The Economist, Oct. 13, 2007, p.15)…中国显示出崛起大国的风度。
3) look to inf. (可以是表示状态的第一类动词,但也可以是表示有意志的行动的第二类动词。to 后面不是名词成分而是动词不定式),这里的 look,不是“给别人看自己的样子”,而是“自己展望要做某事”。 - In the following year, Columbia looked to expand its operations in either film or radio.翌年,哥伦比亚公司就着眼于在影片或广播方面扩大业务。
- Democrats now look to sustain majority.民主党人现在着眼于保持多数。
如果作为自己有意作出的行动,时态就可以有进行时。 - the International Cricket Council is looking to shorten the World Cup tournament to five weeks in its future editions.国际板球理事会正在打算将今后的世界杯大赛缩短为五周。
4) look 的主语如果是空泛的 it,就一定不会是“自己去看”,而是“显出…的样子”,属第一类动词,时态不能用进行时,后面可以跟着 as if 或 like(但是不能跟着 that 从句)。 - It looks as if it's going to rain again.看样子又要下雨了。
- It looks like we're going home without a suntan.看样子咱们晒不黑就要回家了。
本来,look 和 seem 及 appear 意义差不多,但是在搭配上,seem 和 appear 后面都可以接上 to inf. 或是 that 从句,look 却不可以,只能有 look + 表语(如果是 look to inf. 则是 3) 的意思,同 seem to inf. 的意思是两回事)以及上述 It looks as if 或 It looks like 的结构。 目录 |