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词组 on the part of
释义

■ on the part of

1) 凡是由一个及物动词变来的名词,它的施动者通常可以用放在该名词前面的名词所有格或物主代词来表示,或者在该名词后面加上 by 引入施动者。

  • the doctor's examination of the patient 或 examination of the patient by the doctor医生对病人的检查。

但是,如果这个名词的动词意义不强(例如表示某种态度、心态、主张),则不能用 by。此时,如果该名词是特指的,就仍然可以在其前面加上名词所有格或物主代词来表现其所有主或主体(相当于施动者)。

  • their determination他们的决心
  • the government's commitment to science政府对科学事业的支持。

但是如果该名词是不定指的,或是这个所有主或主体在文字上比较长,或者虽然短但需要突出,则可以采取 on the part of 的形式。

  • This bill is not a compromise but a full-fledged capitulation on the part of the legislative branch to executive claims of power.这个法案,并不是个妥协的产物,而是立法部门对行政部门抓权要求的全面投降。
  • And that has to be a constant process of reexamination on the part of the judges.(美国最高法院大法官 Alito 在参议院听证会上的发言)那应该是法官们不断进行重新审议的一个过程。
  • If guessing succeeds, the cause is either incredible luck on the part of the attacker, or a weak password.如果瞎猜也能猜中,那么原因要么是袭击者的运气好得难以置信,要么是暗号靠不住。
  • Interest on the part of the boss emboldened them to come up with new ideas.看到上司感兴趣,他们就放胆提出一些新主张。

通常那个表示态度、心态、主张的名词,如果是不定指的,它的所有主或主体就只能采取 on the part of 来表示。但该名词也可以是特指的。

  • The heavy taxes and the abuses against the population on the part of the Ottoman rulers in the early years after the Ottoman conquest gave rise to opposition, following which the Sultan ordered the Governor (the "Kadi") and the Treasurer to govern with justice.奥托曼征服之后的初年,奥托曼统治者征收繁重的捐税,而且对居民横加欺凌,因而引起了反抗,于是苏丹就命令总督和司库官实行公正的管治。

对下面一段文字(引自 1999 年 6 月至 7 月联合国教科文组织在布达佩斯召开的世界科学大会 World Conference on Science 的 Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge)进行分析,可以看出 on the part of 的语言作用:

  • the need for a strong commitment to science on the part of governments, civil society and the productive sector, as well as an equally strong commitment of scientists to the well-being of society

这里,前面是 commitment to something on the part of somebody,后面是 commitment of somebody to something,从结构意义上说,两者都是一样的,但是前者的 to science 很短,不宜放在最后。反之,governments, civil society and the productive sector 则很长,如果说 commitment of governments, civil society and the productive sector to science 就显得头重脚轻。后一个 commitment 情况则恰恰相反,to 后面的成分 (the well-being of society) 较长而 of scientists 则很短,如果把次序改成 commitment to the well-being of society on the part of scientists,也未尝不可,但不如现在的词序安排更为通顺(而且更为突出 the well-being of society)。

2) 如果中心名词是个表示抽象性质而非对某对象施加作用名词,其逻辑主语不宜用 by 引入,最好用 on the part of 引入(见 by 条)。此外,如果中心名词是表示“缺乏”、“不存在”的,也不宜用 of 引入主体或所有主,而用 on the part of 就更为妥当。

  • Too few Western troops, too little money, and a lack of coherent strategy and sustained policy initiatives on the part of Western and Afghan leaders.(New York Review of Books, June 22, 2006)西方部队太少,钱太少,而且西方和阿富汗领导人缺乏一种首尾一贯持久不懈的政策方针。
  • Nearly five years have passed since these—those initial days of shock and sadness—and we are thankful that the terrorists have not succeeded in launching another attack on our soil. This is not for the lack of desire or determination on the part of the enemy. (George W. Bush, Sept. 6, 2006)自从这些,自从那些一开头就令人震惊和哀伤的日子以来,已经过去五年了,我们感到幸运的是,恐怖分子一直未能在我们的国土上发动又一次的袭击。这并不是因为敌人没有这样的愿望和决心。
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更新时间:2025/5/22 5:11:27