■ 's

这个简略，除了作为名词的主有格（如 my father's book）之外，还可以代替动词 is 和 has。在大多数场合，究竟是代替 is 还是 has，是很容易分辨的。但是有时候也要注意避免误认。

• Still, what's left of the neocon movement does seem to be converging around the Giuliani campaign, to some degree, because he embraces their common themes:... (Newsweek, Oct. 15, 2007, p.37)不过，新保守主义运动的遗老遗少，看来的确正在在某种程度上围绕着朱利安尼的竞选聚集起来，原因是他采纳他们的一些共同的主题：…

这里的 's，后面是动词 leave 的过去分词 left，所以从形式上看，has left 和 is left 都有可能。但是 leave 在这里应该是个及物动词，如果是 has left，就缺了直接宾语；如果是 is left，作为被动语态，就说得通。参见 leave 条。

• assure
• assure 与 ensure
• astonish
• astound
• as well
• as well as
• as well...as
• as with
• at
• at
• at all
• at issue
• atmosphere
• at once
• at one's peril
• attention
• attention 与 caution
• at that
• at the cost of
• at the expense of
• attitude
• attitude
• attitude 与 posture
• attorney
• at..., we