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词组 seem
释义

■ seem

seem to inf. 的用法,值得从动词的体貌以及表语的性质来加以探讨,这样,seem 才能用得正确。

1) seem to be 表语是名词时不能省略 to be。

  • He seems to be a student.他样子像个学生。

但是不能说 *He seems a student. 不过,如果名词其实是形容词意义时,也可以省略 to be。

  • It seems (to be) nonsense.这看来很荒谬。
  • He seems(to be) a fool.他样子很傻。

与 fool 类似的,还有 coward, genius 等名词。另外,虽然是其他名词,但是如果加上了非绝对的(即不可以有程度高低的比较的)形容词,也可以省略 to be,如:

  • She seems (to be) a good student.

2) seem to be 表语不是名词而是形容词时,如果这个形容词是绝对的,不能省略 to be。

  • He seems happy. 他样子很高兴

但是只能说

  • He seems to be single.他样子是个单身汉。

不能说 *He seems single.

  • This books seems of great importance. 这本书看来十分重要。

但是不能说 *This books seems about global warming.这本书是谈论全球变暖问题的。

一些形容词只能作为表语,不能作为前置定语,通常也没有程度高低的比较,也不能省略 to be。

  • She seemed to be afraid(*seemed afraid) of the dog.她看来害怕那只狗。

类似的形容词还有 ablaze, alike, alone, asleep, awake, ill 等等。

3) 有时候(如果否定或准否定)there seem(s) to be(“似乎有”)中的 to be 可以略去。

  • There seemed no warrant for further investigation.看来没有根据继续调查下去。
  • There seems no way this can hurt his family.这看来不可能伤他家人的心。
  • Lilian was pale; there seemed little life left in her.莉莉安脸色苍白;她似乎只剩下了半条命。

4) 同 appear 相似(见 appear 条),seem 本身是个延续状态动词(第一类动词),它后面如果加上 to inf.,这个 inf. 也必须直接或间接代表一个延续着的状态或活动(上文的 to be 就是典型)。因此,

a) 这个 inf. 动词,如果也是个延续状态动词(第一类动词),那就是“天生的一对”。

  • He seems to know what happened.他看来知道发生了什么事(seem 和 know 都是延续状态动词)。

b) 如果 inf. 是个延续活动动词(即第二类动词),那就要改为 to be + -ing 的进行时。

  • He seems to be talking (*seems to talk) on the phone.他像是在打电话。

c) 如果 inf. 是个延续但有必然终点的动词(第三类动词),那也要改为 to be + -ing 的进行时,以消除其终点,保留其延续。

  • He seems to be writing (*seems to write) a letter.他似乎在写着一封信。

d) 如果 inf. 是个瞬时动词,就要改为 to have + pp,间接代表这个瞬时动作或事件所造成并留下至今延续着的状态。

  • He seems to have solved (*seems to solve) the problem.看来他已经解决了问题。

不过,偶尔也有人把 seem 当作第四类动词使用,用于一般过去时,表示“瞬时一下子给人的印象”,此时后面的 inf. 也可以同样用第四类动词,表示 inf. 的动作与给人印象的动作两者同时发生并立即同时结束。

  • He seemed to wake quickly out of his trance.他好像很快就从昏睡中醒了过来。

5) seem 前面可以加 can't,但不可以加 can,意思相当于 seem to be unable (can't 其实否定的不是 seem 而是 inf.),此时 can't seem to inf. 的 inf.,可以是延续的,也可以是瞬时的,不受限制。

  • I can't seem to solve the problem.我看样子解决不了这个问题。

同样,如果 seem to be 后面加了 able (unable) to inf.,由于 able(unable) to 不排斥瞬时动词,所以也可以说 I seem to be unable to solve the problem,尽管不可以说:*I seem to solve the problem.

6) seem to inf. 如果要否定,虽然真正否定的是 inf.,但是形式上通常否定 seem,不否定 inf.。

  • He doesn't seem to know it.看来他对此并不知道。

否定 inf. 的比较罕见:

  • He seems not to know it.
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更新时间:2025/4/4 23:42:14