■ avoid

1) 最简单也是中国人最容易掌握的用法搭配，是只带一个直接宾语（人或物）。

• Why are you avoiding me?你为什么躲着我？
• She avoided his eyes.她避开了他的视线。

2) 以动名词为直接宾语。

• I'd managed to avoid being noticed until then.直到那时以前，我一直能够避免引人注目。
• Avoid drawing attention to yourself.要避免引人注意。
• You can't avoid seeing her occasionally.偶尔看见她，你是避免不了的。
• He only just avoided being sent to prison.他险些儿被送进了监狱。
• He could not avoid laughing.他忍不住笑了起来。
• Avoid getting into arguments with him.要避免同他发生争论。

3) 作为直接宾语的动名词，可以另有主语，此时这个主语以 avoid 直接宾语的形式出现，放在动名词前。

• The first and most effective step in reducing waste is to avoid it being produced in the first place.减少浪费的第一个也是最有效的步骤，就是一开头就防止浪费产生。
• You should keep your medications with you when you travel on the plane to avoid them being lost in the heaps of luggage.你乘飞机旅行时应该把药物随身带着，以免在大堆行李当中丢失。
• He saw me and smiled, but I moved further into the crowd to avoid him finding me. (Darrell McBreairty, The Passing of Martha O'shea)他看见了我，微笑一下，但是我更加往人丛里挤，不让他发现我。

4) 同许多其他欧洲语言不同，英语表示“避免”、“阻止”、“不让”的动词，大都不能带 that 名词从句作为其直接宾语。that 名词从句，整个内容被“否定”、“制止”，在英文是不习惯的，不能说*avoid that the cup falls down，而要取消从句形式，使从句的主语谓语都变成 avoid 在主句中的从属成分：avoid the cup falling down 或 keep the cup from falling down. 英文只有很少数比较固定的句型可以用 that 名词从句来作为被否定、被制止的对象。

• Heaven forbid that all her family should come too!但愿她千万别把全家一起带来！
• God forbid that they actually encounter a bear.但愿他们别真的遇到一头熊。
• God forbid that the tornado pulls off the roof.但愿龙卷风千万别把房顶掀开（参见 forbid 与 prohibit 等条有关搭配的说明）。