释义 |
■ worth1这是个兼有形容词和介词的句法功能的特殊单词(在许多美英词典中,则只列为介词,但是介词具有如此充实的词汇意义是很罕见的)。作为形容词,它只能充当表语或后置于名词的定语,而不能充当前置于名词的定语。同时,它又有介词的功能,支配后面的一个名词或 -ing 动名词。也就是说,作为表语,它可以参与组成 to be worth something 或 to be worth + -ing(前面除了 to be 之类的系动词,不能与其他动词连用)。意思都是表示值得对前面 to be 的主语施加后面那个名词或动名词所代表的动作(也就是说,worth 后面的动作名词或动名词虽然形式上是主动的,但是就 worth 所指的那个名词来说,意义上是被动的)。 1) to be worth something 的。 - The museum is worth a visit.这个博物馆值得参观一下。
- It's worth a try.值得一试。
- It's not worth the trouble.不值得惹这个麻烦。
- Don't let him upset you, he isn't worth it.别让他伤你的心,他不配。
- It's worth a lot more than I paid for it.它比我付出的价钱宝贵多了。
- It's a nice coat, but it isn't worth the money.这件外套不错,但是不值这个价钱。
- It's as much as my job is worth to let you in.让你进去了,我的饭碗就要丢了(直译是:让你进去,这件事,其代价大到相当于我的饭碗。It 是形式主语,真正的主语是 to let you in)。
如果 worth 后面的名词后面还有附加的及物动词不定式,此时该动词的逻辑宾语就是 to be worth 的主语。 - The all-French labels can be confusing for Americans, but these refreshing whites are worth the effort to get to know.(Newsweek, Oct. 10, 2005, p.68)虽然全是法文的标签可能使美国人弄糊涂,但是,这些爽心提神的白葡萄酒,还是值得费点功夫去熟悉的(to get to know 在逻辑上的直接宾语是 these refreshing whites)。
2) to be worth + -ing: a) 这个 -ing 动词可以是及物动词,此时结构比较简单容易掌握。 - The risk is worth taking.风险是值得冒的。
- It might be worth checking whether they've received it.究竟他们是否已经收到,也许值得查一下(it 是全句的形式主语,真正的主语是 whether...,又是 check 的逻辑宾语)。
- If a job's worth doing, it's worth doing well.值得做的事就值得做好。
b) 这个 -ing 动词可以是不及物动词,或是虽然是及物动词但另有宾语,此时仍然要表示出值得对前面主语施加某动作,这个动词就要在后面增添其他成分(最后以介词结尾)从而变成具有针对前面主语的及物语义。这一来,结构就复杂化,掌握就比较费力,但是只要按照这里分析的路子来分析其结构,仍然可以掌握其句法构造。此时从意义上分析,有三种可能: b1) 第一种可能是:主语是个空泛的 it,暗指当前要达到某个目的,而 to be worth 后面的名词或动名词表示要付出什么代价(worth 后面的成分本身意义齐全,不需要以前面的主语为动作对象)。 - It's worth making an appointment before you go.值得在你去之前先约定一下。
- It is worth looking in some detail at those languages where word order is free.值得仔细看一下那些词序自由的语言。
- The Islamic hostility to the United States is so important that it is worth at the very outset considering the reasons for it.伊斯兰对美国的敌视态度十分重要,因而一开头就值得对其种种原因加以考虑。
b2) 第二种可能是:主语是某件事物,to be worth 后面是动名词(及物动词,如果不及物,就后面必须有介词以形成及物的意义),以表示为了达到某个目的,值得对这个主语施加 to be worth 后面所说的动作,以作为代价。 - She believed strongly there was more to come and it was worth waiting for.她坚信后面还会有东西,值得等待。
- While the other states' approaches may be too drastic for some, they are worth keeping an eye on to see how well they work.其他州的做法,在某些人看来尽管过于大刀阔斧,但是还是值得对这些做法继续观察,看看起多大的良好作用。
- This case is not worthy inquiring into.这个案子不值得深究。
- There is something worth facing certain death for.有些事情值得为之面对必死的命运。
- Is this worth killing for?值得为此而杀人吗?
- Is this worth raising hell about?值得为此大闹一场吗?
- While he might have been worth spending a bullet on, the prime target for the terrorists was his boss.尽管他本来也值得花一粒子弹,但是恐怖分子的主要目标是他的上司。
b3) 第三种可能是:主语本身就代表要达到的目的,to be worth 后面的名词(或动名词)不要求外部另有逻辑宾语(亦即外部没有作用对象),也就是说,它本身意义齐全,足以表示要付出的代价,不需要以前面的主语为动作对象。 - Firing him isn't worth the controversy it would start.把他解雇掉,就会引起争议,不值得。
- The new house really wasn't worth all the expense involved.新房子花费这么大,实在不值得。
- This agreement isn't worth the paper it's written on.这个协议,还比不上那张纸值钱。
- The trip was expensive but it (= the trip) was worth every penny.此行花费不少,但是每个铜板都花得值。
这样的句型,中国人一时不容易习惯,需要反复琢磨。 ■ worth2作为名词,可以前面加上货币数量,后面 of 加上商品或交易额,表示这些商品或交易值多少钱。 - Since the fall of Saddam, more than $800 million worth of construction contracts have been given to Turkish companies. (Newsweek, Oct. 17, 2004, p.41)自从萨达姆倒台以来,已经有价值八亿美元的营建合同给了土耳其公司。
有时前面可以不是货币数量而是时间的长短或空间的大小(用 apostrophe's)。 - a month's worth of tabloids整整一个月堆积起来的小报
- They squeezed four years' worth of study into three.他们把四年的课程压缩到三年。
- The walls were covered with portraits of a century's worth of New York County District Attorneys.墙壁上挂满了一个世纪以来纽约郡历任地区检察官的肖像。
- Like a peal of thunder, a career's worth of symbology and history came crashing down around him.(Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code, p.112)他一生心血的符号学和历史研究,就像霹雳一声颓然倒下,倒在他的四周。
- several blackboards' worth of equations写满了好几黑板的方程式。
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