1. vt. & vi.跑　 move fast on foot
2. vt. & vi.移动　 move or travel in some other way
3. vt. & vi.（使）流动　 (cause to) flow
4. vt. & vi.操纵；管理　 operate or be in charge of
5. vi.延伸，延续　 continue in a particular direction or state

　～ a hotel　经营一家旅馆
　～ all the way　一路跑
　～ blockade　冲破封锁
　～ business　经商
　～ company　经营公司
　～ counter to　违反，与…背道而驰
　～ errands　供差遣
　～ extra train　增开加班列车
　～ grocery shop　经营杂货店
　～ horse　策马
　～ machine　操纵机器
　～ projector　开放映机
　～ race　赛跑
　～ risk　冒险
　～ sb's life　主宰某人的生活
　～ school　管理学校
　～ water　放水
　～ dry　变干
　～ free　随便乱跑
　～ low　不够了
　～ short　缺乏
　～ smooth　进展顺利
　～ wild　无人管
　～ blindly　盲目地经营
　～ easily　容易管理
　～ efficiently　有效地管理
　～ eventually　最后达到
　～ frantically　狂乱地跑
　～ infallibly　必然地逃走
　～ noiselessly　悄悄地跑
　～ obediently　驯服地操作
　～ rapidly　快速地跑
　～ readily　准备跑
　～ regularly　整齐地跑
　～ safely　安全地跑
　～ serially　连续地跑
　～ slowly　缓慢地跑
　～ smoothly　平稳地移动
　～ speedily　快速地移动
　～ successfully　成功地经营
　～ swiftly　迅速地移动
　～ about　跑来跑去
　～ along　跑开，走掉
　～ around　到处乱跑，合得来，关系密切
　～ away　跑掉，逃跑
　～ back　跑回
　～ down　流下来，疲惫不堪
　～ in　快速进入
　～ off　走开
　～ on　滔滔不绝往下说
　～ out　用完，满期，告终
　～ away from sth　摆脱某事
　～ away with　不受…约束
　～ down to　延伸至，伸展到
　～ out on sb　抛弃某人
　～ up　迅速上升
　～ up against　达到，遇到，和…冲突
　～ up to　达到，向…跑去
　～ across　穿过，碰到
　～ after　追逐…
　～ after a bus　追赶公共汽车
　～ against　反对
　～ one's head against the wall　把头往墙上撞
　～ at　冲向，扑向
　～ between　在…之间定期往返
　～ between the two cities　往来于两城之间
　～ down　很快跑下，倾泻
　～ down the stairs　跑下楼梯
　～ for　竞选，跑去找
　～ for Congress　参加国会议员竞选
　～ for dear life　拼命跑
　～ for office　竞选公职
　～ for the President　竞选总统
　～ from　从…伸展
　～ from the field of battle　临阵脱逃
　～ in the 3000 metres　参加三千米赛跑
　～ into　偶然碰见，撞见，碰到，跑进，陷入，撞
　～ into an old friend　偶遇老朋友
　～ into danger　遇到危险
　～ into trouble　碰上麻烦
　～ on　涉及
　～ on a problem　涉及某问题
　～ over　浏览，匆匆复习，略述，溢出
　～ round the house　围着房子跑
　～ through　花光，穿过，浸透，略谈，浏览，勾销
　～ through the mountain　穿山而过
　～ to　伸展到，跑到…，累积，寻求…的帮助

　Rabbits run fast.　兔子跑得快。
　I used to run when I was in the middle school.　我在中学的时候常常跑步。
　I don't run as fast as you.　我跑得没你快。
　He cannot run because he has a weak heart.　他有心脏病，不能跑。
　He ran home in tears to his mother.　他流着泪跑回家去找妈妈。
　They turned and ran when they saw he had a gun.　他们看见他有枪，转身就跑。
　He dropped his gun and ran.　他把枪丢下逃跑了。
　She ran to meet us.　她跑来接我们。
　When we heard that he was in trouble, we ran to help him.　听说他遇到麻烦，我们跑去帮助他。
　Run get the key for me.　赶快把钥匙给我拿来。
　Ade will be running tonight.　艾德今晚参加赛跑。
　Some of these old cars are still running.　有些这样的老车仍在行驶。
　The trains don't run on Sundays.　火车星期天不开。
　Buses to Oxford run every half an hour.　去牛津的公共汽车每半小时开一班。
　Don't touch the engine while it's running.　发动机运转的时候不要去碰它。
　The machine runs by electricity.　这台机器靠电力运转。
　The engine is running properly.　发动机运转情况良好。
　Your new car seems to run very nicely.　你的新汽车开起来还很不错。
　The programme is running smoothly.　节目进行得很顺利。
　Despite the shortage of drugs and trained staff, they managed to keep the hospital running.　尽管缺少药品和受过训练的医务人员，他们还是保证了医院的正常运转。
　The new computer has arrived but it won't be up and running until next week.　新买的计算机已经到了，但要到下个星期才能完全投入使用。
　Have you left the bath running?　你忘了关浴缸的水龙头了吗?
　The baby's nose is running.　这个婴儿流鼻涕了。
　The butter will run if you put it near the fire.　如果你把黄油放在靠近炉子的地方它会融化的。
　The wax began to run.　蜡烛开始融化了。
　I'm afraid the colours ran when I washed this shirt.　看来这件衬衫洗的时候掉色了。
　I cannot remember how the rest of Hamlet's speech runs.　我记不清哈姆雷特接下来的话是怎么说的了。
　I run five miles every day.　我每天跑五英里。
　Who was the first man to run a mile in under four minutes?　谁第一个在4分钟以内跑完了一英里?
　The water ran cold when I turned the tap on.　我把水龙头打开，水就凉了。
　That old woman's food has run short.　那位老妇人的粮食已经吃完了。
　The well here has run dry.　这口井已经干涸了。
　The tide was running strong.　潮水涨得很猛。
　The sea runs high at the sunset.　太阳落山时，海水涨潮。
　They ran short of gasoline.　他们的汽油不够了。
　That guy's blood ran cold at last.　那个家伙终于提不起劲头来了。
　During the election, feelings ran high.　选举期间，群情激昂。
　Matters ran smoother than expected.　情况比料想的顺利。
　Who ran third?　谁跑了第三名?
　The horse ran second.　那匹马跑了第二名。
　The children ran races in the park.　孩子们在公园里赛跑。
　He ran a race with me.　他与我赛跑。
　We won't run this horse in any more races this season.　我们不打算让这匹马在这个赛季内参加更多的比赛。
　Cram ran a fine race to take the gold medal.　克拉姆在赛跑中成绩突出夺得金牌。
　Run the water until it gets hot.　放水，直到热了为止。
　London Transport runs extra trains during the rush hours.　伦敦运输公司在交通高峰时增开加班列车。
　They have all learned to run modern farm machines.　他们都学会开现代农业机械了。
　Can you just run the projector to check that it's working?　你能不能开一下放映机，看看它是不是好的?
　Teach me how to run the business.　教教我如何经营这个企业。
　Mr. Smith runs a grocery shop.　史密斯先生经营一家杂货店。
　Who's running this company?　谁经营这家公司?
　They ran the nurseries extremely well.　他们把托儿所办得很好。
　Don't try and run my life!　不要试图主宰我的生活！
　The little boy can run his own life now.　现在那个小男孩能管理自己的生活了。
　The car race will be run at Monte Carlo next month.　汽车赛将于下个月在蒙特卡洛举行。
　The Grand National Race will be run in spite of the bad weather.　尽管天气不好，一年一度的全国大赛仍将举行。
　A rope is run between two posts.　两柱间系着一根绳子。
　Cheap trains will be run on Saturdays.　星期六增开的列车票价便宜。
　The school is run by a young headmaster.　学校由年轻校长管理。
　The story runs that she poisoned her husband.　据报道说，她把丈夫毒死了。
　The story runs that they have been secretly married for months.　传说他们秘密结婚已有几个月了。
　Please run me a nice hot bath.　请帮我放热水，让我好好洗个澡。
　They're running a special train to the football match.　他们为这场足球比赛安排了一列专车。
　Stop trying to run my life for me!　我的生活用不着你来管。
　The college runs summer courses for foreign learners of English.　这所学院为学习英语的外国人开设了暑期班。
　There are frequent trains running between London and Brighton.　伦敦和布莱顿之间火车班次很多。

 ♣ run about　(v.+adv.)
　跑来跑去　run here and there
　Put your coat on, or you'll catch cold running about.　快把外套穿上，不然你到处乱跑会感冒的。
 ♣ run across¹　(v.+adv.)
　〈主英〉开车送　 give a ride to sb
　Don't wait for the bus in this cold weather; I'll get the car and run you across to your mother's.　这么冷的天气别等公共汽车了，我开车送你到你母亲那里去。
 ♣ run across²　(v.+prep.)
1. 不期而遇；偶然发现 find or meet by chance
　〔说明〕 run across作此解时通常不用于进行体。
　I ran across her in the public library yesterday.　我昨天在公共图书馆碰巧遇见了她。
　I ran across my old friend Jail in Paris last week.　上星期，我在巴黎遇见老友杰尔。
　I ran across a beautiful poem in this book.　我在此书中偶然发现了一首好诗。
2. 非法地运送… bring or take sth into a country illegally and secretly; smuggle
　He used to run guns across the border.　他过去经常偷运枪支出境。
 ♣ run after　(v.+prep.)
1. 追赶 try to catch
　The policemen are running after a prisoner who escaped last night.　警察在追捕一名昨夜逃跑的犯人。
　The dog was running after a rabbit.　那条狗正追逐一只兔子。
　Don't bother running after the bus, you'll never catch it.　别费劲去追赶那辆公共汽车了，你怎么也赶不上的。
2. 追求 try to gain the attention and company of
　Instead of devoting himself to his studies, he wastes his time running after girls.　他没致力于学习，而是浪费时间追求女孩子。
　If you didn't run after her so much, she might be more interested in you.　如果你不是拼命追求她的话，她也许会对你更有兴趣的。
3. 伺候 perform the duties of a servant for
　Don't expect me to run after you all your life.　别指望我伺候你一辈子。
 ♣ run against　(v.+prep.)
1. 碰及，碰撞 come into collision with
　He ran against a wall in the darkness.　黑暗中他撞在一堵墙上。
　While walking on the pavement, he ran against a lamppost.　他正在便道上走着，一不注意撞到电灯杆上了。
2. 同…竞选 compete with sb for an elected office
　He is running against many competitors in the 100 metres.　在100米赛跑中，他得对付许多竞赛者。
　Roosevelt ran against Hoover in 1932. 　1932年罗斯福与胡佛竞选总统。
　Mr. Price risked defeat in running against Mr. Johnson in the last election.　在上次大选中，普赖斯先生冒着失败的风险与约翰逊竞选总统。
3. 偶然遇到 meet sb by chance
　I ran against an acquaintance in the street yesterday.　我昨天在街上偶遇一位熟人。
 ♣ run along¹　(v.+adv.)
　走开　go away
　〔说明〕 run along通常用于祈使句。
　Run along now, all of you!I'm busy now.　你们全给我走开！我很忙。
　Be a good girl and run along, Daddy's busy.　好闺女快走开，爸爸正忙着呢。
　It's late. I must run along.　时候已经不早，我该走了。
 ♣ run along²　(v.+prep.)
　延伸，贯穿　pass or continue in the stated direction, way, etc.
　The road runs along the river bank.　这条马路延着河岸伸展。
 ♣ run around　(v.+adv.)
1. 结交，来往 go about in company
　He was sorry that he had wasted his youth running around with criminal types.　他很后悔以前跟罪犯一类的人混在一起，虚度了青春。
　I wish my son wouldn't run around with those hooligans.　我希望我儿子不要跟那些小流氓鬼混在一起。
　Her husband found she'd been running around with another man.　她丈夫发现她经常和另外一个男人在一起。
2. 〈非正〉不忠于配偶 be unfaithful to one's marriage partner, lover, etc.
　She suspected her husband of running around.　她怀疑她丈夫有外遇。
 ♣ run at　(v.+prep.)
1. 突然进攻 run towards sb (as if) to attack him
　A big fellow ran at me with a knife.　一个高大的家伙持刀向我扑过来。
　The dog ran at the visitor and bit him.　那条狗突然向来客扑去，并咬了他一口。
2. 目前为 (usually of trade, a debt, etc.) be presently existing at (a rate of sth)
　〔说明〕 run at作此解时常用于进行体。
　Inflation is running at 25%.　通货膨胀率达25%。
　Interest rates are running at record levels.　利率达到创记录的水平。
 ♣ run away　(v.+adv.)
1. 逃跑，走掉；逃脱 escape from somewhere or from the control of sb
　She hit the boy and he ran away.　她打那个小男孩，那小男孩就跑了。
　The horse became frightened and ran away.　那匹马受惊吓跑了。
　The enemy broke and began to run away in all directions.　敌人溃散，开始四处逃窜。
　He hated his stepfather and eventually ran away from home.　他恨他的继父，最终从家中逃走了。
　In a fit of temper the girl threatened to run away from home if her parents would not let her have her own way.　一气之下，这位姑娘威胁说：如果父母不让她按照自己的意愿行事，她将要离家出走。
　It is reported that three important criminals ran away from prison last night.　据报道，有三名要犯昨夜越狱逃跑。
　Charlie ran away twice from his boarding school.　查理两次从寄宿学校逃跑。
　He was so unhappy that he tried to run away from school.　他实在太苦恼了，试图逃离学校。
　Many times Tom said he would run away from school if the teacher would assign too much homework, but he never did.　汤姆曾多次说过，如果老师留太多的作业，他就逃学。但他从未这样做过。
　The candidate tried to run away from controversial issues by pretending to be ill.　这位候选人佯装生病，以回避参与一些有争议的问题。
2. （使）流走〔流掉〕 (cause to) flow away
　There's a hole in my bucket, and the water is running away.　我的桶有个洞，水正在往外漏。
　The water ran away through this pipe.　水通过这条管道流走了。
　He ran the water away.　他把水放走了。
 ♣ run away/off with　(v.+adv.+prep.)
1. 与…私奔 go away with; elope with
　The old man was quite depressed, because his second daughter had run away with a young man.　老头很沮丧，因为他的二女儿与一个男青年私奔了。
　His wife has run off with another man.　他妻子跟另外一个男人私奔了。
　Anna's mother has run off with her bank manager.　安娜的母亲和她那位银行经理私奔了。
2. 消耗，用掉 consume especially fuel, time, money, etc.
　〔说明〕 run away〔off〕 with作此解时通常不用于进行体。
　Your education runs away with most of my money.　你的教育消耗掉了我的大部分钱。
　The new scheme will run off with a lot of taxpayer's money.　这项新计划将用去纳税人许多钱。
3. 轻信，错以为 accept unthinkingly; believe too easily
　〔说明〕 run away〔off〕 with作此解时通常不用于进行体。
　Don't run away with the idea that I can lend you money every time you need help.　不要认为每当你需要帮助时，我就能借钱给你。
　Don't ever run away with the notion that bankruptcy is a joke.　切莫误认为破产是件开玩笑的事情。
　Don't run off with the idea that you needn't do any work, just because you're working for your father.　不要以为你是为你父亲工作就可以什么事都不必做了。
　Don't run off with the grapevine news.　不要轻信那个小道消息。
4. 携…潜逃 steal and carry off
　He's run away with all my jewels.　他盗了我所有的珠宝潜逃了。
　The work was suspended because someone in the office ran away with the plans of the new engine.　由于办公人员偷走了新发动机的图纸，工作只好暂停。
　Someone has run off with the keys to my safe.　有人偷走了我保险柜的钥匙。
5. 失去控制 get out of control and carry off
　〔说明〕 run away〔off〕 with作此解时通常不用于被动结构。
　Eddie has let his temper run away with him.　埃迪已控制不住自己。
　Don't let your temper run away with you.　别让你的脾气失去控制。
　She tends to let feelings run away with her.　她易于感情用事。
　Don't let your enthusiasm run off with you.　不要热心得过了头。
6. 轻易取胜 win easily
　〔说明〕 run away〔off〕 with作此解时通常不用于进行体。
　The girl from Japan ran away with the first set.　那位日本姑娘轻易地拿下了第一局。
 ♣ run back　(v.+adv.)
　倒回　come back to the begin
　Run the videotape back to the point where the ball bounces.　把录像带倒回到球弹起的地方去。
 ♣ run back over　(v.+adv.+prep.)
　回忆过去　review the past
　On seeing the picture, I let my thoughts run back over my childhood.　一看到那幅照片，我的思绪就回到了童年时代。
　If you run back over the season, you can't pick out a game in which he played badly.　如果你回顾一下那个赛季，你找不出他哪一场打得不好。
 ♣ run down¹　(v.+adv.)
1. 停止走动，用完 stop; become exhausted
　That clock ran down hours ago.　那座钟在几小时以前就停了。
　The kitchen clock ran down because we forgot to wind it up.　厨房里的钟停了，因为我们忘了上发条。
　The battery has run down; it needs recharging.　这电池已用完，需要再充电。
2. 撞倒，撞沉 crash against and knock down or sink
　〔说明〕 run down作此解时通常不用于进行体。
　The liner ran down a fishing boat in the dense fog.　那艘轮船在浓雾中与一艘渔船相撞。
　The careless driver ran down two school boys.　粗心的司机撞倒了两个学童。
　The cyclist was run down by a big lorry.　那个骑自行车的人被一辆大卡车撞倒。
　The old lady carrying a basket of eggs was run down by a taxi when crossing the street.　那位手提着一篮鸡蛋的老太太横过马路时被一辆出租汽车撞倒了。
3. 诽谤，贬低 say bad things about; criticize
　He's always running me down.　他总是讲我的坏话。
　She's jealous of your success; that's why she's always running you down.　她嫉妒你的成功，这就是她老是诽谤你的原因所在。
　She's always running her children down in public.　她总是当着人说自己的孩子不懂事。
4. 追捕到；查出，发现 find by hard and thorough search
　〔说明〕 run down作此解时通常不用于进行体。
　The police were trying to run down the escaped prisoner before he had a chance to leave the state.　警方正设法在那越狱犯逃离州境之前将他捕获。
　See if you can run down that book in the library for me.　看看你能否在图书馆里帮我找到那本书。
　At last I ran down the book I had been looking for in the library.　最后，我在图书馆发现了我一直在找的那本书。
　The criminal was eventually run down in the woods near his home.　那罪犯终于落网了，就在他家附近的树林里被捕。
5. 走下坡路，垮掉 stop working gradually; decline
　The local steelworks is running down and is likely to close within three years.　当地的这家钢铁厂越来越不景气，有可能在三年内倒闭。
6. （使）虚弱，疲乏 (cause to) become exhausted; be in poor health
　This exhausting work is enough to run everyone down.　这项费力的工作足以使每个人精疲力竭。
　I really was run down after working a whole year without a break.　不停息地做一年后，我真的精疲力竭了。
　He is quite run down and needs a vacation.　他的身体太虚弱，需要休假。
　I felt thoroughly run down after work.　下班后，我觉得彻底累垮了。
 ♣ run down²　(v.+prep.)
　沿…迅速而下；顺…流下　pass or move quickly down (sth); (of liquid) flow down (sth)
　A lorry ran down the hill out of control.　卡车失去了控制，直往山下冲去。
　The tears ran down his face.　眼泪顺着他的脸颊往下流。
 ♣ run for　(v.+prep.)
1. （使）竞选 (cause to) compete for an elected office
　〔说明〕 run for作此解时通常不用于被动结构。
　He is going to run for mayor again.　他要再次竞选市长。
　Mr. William wants to run for governor of the state.　威廉先生想竞选州长。
　He wanted very much to run for a second term, but owing to poor health he was compelled to give it up.　他非常想竞选连任，但由于健康状况不佳，他被迫放弃了这一念头。
　They are running Mr. Green for the House of Representatives.　他们提名格林先生参加众议院竞选。
2. 持续 continue
　The play ran for six months on Broadway.　这出戏在百老汇连续演了半年。
　Election campaigns in Britain run for three weeks.　英国选举活动持续三周。
 ♣ run in　(v.+adv.)
1. 快速进入；流入 enter a place quickly, as by running; (of liquid) flow into a place
　Would you run in and bring my ball?　快跑进去把我的球拿来好吗?
　As soon as Mary opened the door, the dog ran in.　当玛丽一打开门，狗就跑了进来。
　There's water still running in; you can't have mended the roof property.　水还是往里流，你一定没把房顶修补好。
2. 〈主英〉用车载（某人）进入；驱车作短暂访问 give (sb) a ride into a place; pay a short visit, as by car
　Let's run in and see out parents this morning.　今天早上咱们开车去看望一下父母亲吧。
　I will run you in if the bus isn't going into the town because of the snow today.　如果今天公共汽车因为下雪不送你进城的话，我会开车送你去的。
3. 试车 bring an engine slowly into full use
　I'm running my new car in.　我正在试我的新车。
　Don't drive your new car too fast until you've run it in.　新汽车未经磨合运转不要开得太快。
4. 拘捕并带往派出所 arrest and take to a police station
　The police run the two drunks in for causing a disturbance in the street.　警察把两个醉鬼抓了起来，因为他们在街上闹事。
　You've no cause to run me in, I've done nothing.　你没有理由抓我，我什么也没干。
　He was run in for being in possession of drugs.　由于持有毒品，他被拘留于派出所。
 ♣ run into　(v.+prep.)
1. 快速进入…；流入… enter (a place) by moving quickly, as by running; (of liquid) flow into (sth)
　It's snowing, run into the room.　下雪了，快跑到屋里去。
　The ship has to run into the harbour when the sudden storm arises.　风暴骤起，轮船只得急忙躲进海港。
　This river runs into the Atlantic Ocean.　这条河流进大西洋。
2. 偶然遇见 meet sb/sth accidentally
　〔说明〕 run into作此解时通常不用于进行体。
　I just happened to run into an old friend in a hotel.　我碰巧在一家旅店遇见了一位老友。
　When I ran into a problem while making my model airplane I asked Uncle Mark for help.　当我在制造飞机模型遇到问题时，就向马克大叔请教。
3. 〈主英〉用车载（某人）进入…；驱车造访… give (sb) a ride into a place; pay a short visit to, as by car
　We ran into the country today and had a wonderful day.　我们今天到乡下转了一圈，玩得很愉快。
　Uncle will ran us into town to buy a color TV set.　叔叔将开车送我们进城买彩电。
4. 加起来，累计达 add up to; reach
　〔说明〕 run into作此解时通常不用于被动结构。
　My father's income runs into six figures.　我父亲的收入已达到六位数字。
　That dictionary has run into six editions.　那本词典已再版了六次。
　Car repairs can run into a lot of money.　汽车修理费加起来可能要一大笔钱。
5. （使）碰撞 (cause to) bump or crash into
　The taxi ran into the back of my new car.　出租汽车撞在我新车的尾部上。
　The bus got out of control and ran into a wall.　公共汽车失去控制而撞在墙上。
　Paul got out of control of his car and ran it into a lamppost.　保罗没能把汽车控制住，结果把它撞到路灯柱子上去了。
6. （使）陷入 (cause to) be affected by; (cause to) get into
　After a promising start, the company ran into trouble.　公司起先很有生气，但之后便陷入了困境。
　My wife has run me into despair.　我的太太使我绝望。
　His wild extravagance is running his family into red.　他的奢侈无度使他的家庭负债累累。
　Taking risks like that might run the firm into debt.　冒那样的风险会使公司欠债。
7. 把…刺入 push sth sharp into
　Mind you, don't run the needle into your finger.　注意别让针扎手。
 ♣ run off¹　(v.+adv.)
1. （使）流掉 allow liquid to flow out
　When the temperature reaches melting point; the metal runs off as a liquid and flows into special modules.　当温度达到熔点时，金属就变成液体流出，并注入特殊的铸模中。
　The oil in your engine looks very dirty, get the garage to run it off.　你的发动机里的油看上去很脏，叫车行的人替你把油放出来。
2. 复印，印刷 print copies
　He ran a batch of mimeographed sheets off.　他油印出一批讲义。
　I'll run off 100 copies of these booklets.　我要把这些小册子打印出一百份。
　When you've finished typing this letter, could you run off four copies for me, please?　你打完这封信后，请给我复印四份好吗?
3. 流畅地写出或背出 write or recite fluently
　I can run off the list from memory.　我能把清单倒背如流。
　I ran off an article for the local newspaper a week during the last summer.　去年暑假，我每周为本地报纸写一篇文章。
　He's a remarkable writer, he can run off a novel in a week.　他是一位非凡的作家，他能在一周内快速写完一部小说。
4. 减轻体重 get rid of unwanted weight by running
　You're too fat; try and run off all those excess pounds.　你太胖了，要跑跑步减减肥。
5. 劳累过度 become tired through too much activity
　I'm running my legs off, having to look after everything in the village.　村里的事件件都得我管，我跑得精疲力竭。
 ♣ run off²　(v.+prep.)
1. 从…流掉 flow away from sth
　〔说明〕 run off作此解时通常不用于进行体。
　The rainwater can run off the roof through these pipes.　雨水可以通过这些管道从屋顶上流走。
2. 使某人过于劳累 make sb work too hard, especially actively
　I'm sorry I didn't phone earlier but I've been run off my feet today.　很对不起，我没能早一点打电话，今天我一直很忙。
 ♣ run on¹　(v.+adv.)
1. 继续 pass on
　The concert ran on until eleven o'clock.　音乐会一直延续到11点。
　This disease can run on for months.　这种病情可以持续几个月。
　The paragraph runs on to the next page.　这段文章一直连到下一页。
2. 不停地讲，滔滔不绝 talk continuously
　He will run on for hours if you don't stop him.　如果你不打断他，他会喋喋不休地讲好几个小时。
　She'll run on for hours about her family if you let her.　如果你由她说的话，关于她家的情况她可以喋喋不休地说上几个小时。
 ♣ run on²　(v.+prep.)
　涉及，讲到　be concerned with a subject
　〔说明〕 run on通常不用于被动结构。
　Her talk ran on developments in computer software.　她谈的是计算机软件的开发问题。
　Our talk ran on recent events.　我们谈的是近来发生的事件。
　That boy's thoughts are always running on food.　那个男孩脑子里总是想着吃。
 ♣ run out　(v.+adv.)
1. 用完，耗尽 be used up; have no more
　There was such a demand for the new postage stamps that before midday supplies had run out.　对新邮票的需求量是如此之大，以致中午前就卖完了。
　We'd just reached the motorway when the petrol ran out.　我们刚到达高速公路，汽油就没有了。
　Food supplies had run out towards the end of the trip.　在旅行快结束时，食物已经吃完了。
　He ran himself out in the first few circles.　他才跑了几圈就没力气了。
　We have run out of rice. Will you buy some at the grain shop nearby?　我们的米已经吃完了，到附近粮店买些好吗?
　I'm running out of petrol, so I have to stop at the next filling station.　我把汽油用完了，所以只得在下一个加油站停下来。
　The soldiers ran out of ammunition and had to withdraw.　士兵们打光了弹药，不得不撤退。
　Try not to run out of patience with the old lady. She has enough reason to complain.　对那位老夫人不要失去耐心，她埋怨是有充分理由的。
　Mrs. Black ran almost out of hope during the Second World War.　第二次世界大战期间，布莱克太太几乎绝望了。
　The performing group began well, but seemed to run out of steam halfway through the year.　演出小组开始时很好，可是一年还没到头似乎就有些泄气了。
2. 结束，期满 come to an end; expire
　The contract had run out before Mr. Wells was able to find a new job.　韦尔斯先生未能找到新工作，合同就到期了。
　My employment contract runs out at the end of this month.　我的雇用合同本月底期满。
　We'd better do our Christmas shopping, time is running out.　我们最好还是去买圣诞节用品，时间不多了。
3. 流走，流掉 flow out
　The water is running out.　水流出来了。
　The salt won't run out if it's too damp.　盐如果很潮湿是不会流出来的。
　The milk runs in at this end of the bacterial filter and runs out at the other.　牛奶从细菌过滤器这一头流进去，从另一头流出。
　The water runs out of the pipe into the bucket.　水从管子里流入桶里。
4. 逐出 force sb to leave a place
　They ran him out of town.　他们把他撵出城。
　If you refuse to leave of your own free will, the boys will run you out of town.　如果你拒绝自动离开，小伙子们将把你赶出城去。
5. 抛弃，背弃 abandon; desert
　Poor Mary!Her husband has run out on her.　可怜的玛丽，她的丈夫抛弃了她。
　Mr. Perkins ran out on his poor wife.　珀金斯先生遗弃了他那可怜的太太。
　Don't run out on your friends when they are in need of your help.　当你的朋友们需要你的帮助时，不要背弃他们。
 ♣ run over¹　(v.+adv.)
1. 造访；驱车送 visit a place for a short time, as by running; (cause to) be driven to a place
　Will you run over to the shop and get some butter? 　你到铺子里去买点黄油好吗?
　Let's run over to the Browns' this evening.　今天晚上咱们开车去布朗家吧。
　Don't get a bus, I'll run you over to the theatre.　不要去坐公共汽车了，我开车送你去剧场。
2. 溢出 overflow
　The water in the Yangtze River this summer rose rapidly and almost ran over.　今年夏天长江的水位迅速增高，几乎泛溢出来。
　You can't pour any more water into that cup, it will run over.　你不能再往那只杯子里倒水了，会溢出来的。
3. 撞倒，撞翻并轧过其身体的一部分 knock down and wound sb or damage sth with a vehicle
　〔说明〕 run over作此解时通常不用于进行体，常用于被动结构。
　Slow down, you might run someone over.　开慢点，你会撞着人的。
　Drunk drivers run more people over than those who have not been drinking.　喝醉酒的司机比没喝酒的司机撞人的时候要多。
　He was run over and had to be taken to hospital.　他被车轧伤，必须送往医院。
　The man was run over by a train and killed.　那个人被火车轧死了。
　The old man was nearly run over by a car.　老人差一点儿被汽车撞倒。
　This box looks as if it's been run over by a bus.　这个箱子好像被汽车撞翻过似的。
 ♣ run over²　(v.+prep.)
1. 溢出，漫出 flow over sth
　The river is running over its banks and we shall be flooded.　河水正漫过堤岸，我们要遭水灾了。
2. 撞倒，撞翻；碾过 knock down and wound sb or damage sth with a vehicle
　〔说明〕 run over作此解时通常不用于进行体。
　Why doesn't he drive more carefully?He almost ran over that child.　他开车怎么不小心点儿? 险些从那个孩子身上开过去。
　The bus ran over his legs.　公共汽车碾过他的腿。
　The car ran over a duck crossing the road.　汽车轧死了一只穿马路的鸭子。
　The train ran over the bus, killing nine people.　火车撞翻了那辆公共汽车，撞死了9个人。
　Sledges run well over frozen snow.　雪橇在冻硬了的雪上顺利滑行。
3. 温习 pass over sth; look through
　Just run over your notes before the examination.　考试前你只要再看看笔记就行了。
　He ran over his notes before starting his lecture.　在开始讲演前，他把大纲匆匆看一遍。
　His eyes ran quickly over the letter to see whom it was from.　他在那封信上扫了一眼，看看是谁写来的。
4. 浏览 look through
　He ran his eye over the page.　他把这一页看了一遍。
 ♣ run through¹　(v.+adv.)
1. （使）从…流过 (cause to) flow through sth
　Father told me to unblock the pipe to let the water run through.　父亲叫我把管子打通，让水流过去。
　Run some clean water through, and then you'll see its true colour.　让一些清水从中流过，你就会看清它的真正颜色了。
2. 刺穿，刺中 make a hole through sth/sb, as with a sword
　〔说明〕 run through通常不用于进行体。
　The ruffian threatened to run his victim through if he did not hand over all his money.　暴徒恐吓受害者说如果他不把所有的钱都交出来，就捅死他。
 ♣ run through²　(v.+prep.)
1. 跑着穿过… move through sth, as by running
　Running through the forest in the dark, the boys were greatly afraid.　孩子们在黑暗中穿过森林，心里非常害怕。
2. （使…)在…流过 (of liquid) (cause to) flow through sth
　The river runs through several underground caves which store the water for the city's use.　这条河流经几处贮存城市用水的地下蓄水池。
　Run lots of soapy water through the pipe to clean it.　用大量的肥皂水把管子里面冲洗干净。
3. 挥霍 spend money fast and carelessly
　She could run through a year's salary in a week if you let her.　如果你允许她的话，她能在一星期内把一年的薪水挥霍掉。
　Here is ten pounds, when you've run through that, let me know, and I may let you have some more.　这是10英镑，花完后告诉我，我再给你一些。
　He soon ran through all his father's money.　他很快把父亲的钱全给挥霍掉了。
4. 匆匆查阅 read or examine quickly
　We've got a few minutes before the train goes, so I'll just run through your instructions again.　在火车出发前我们还有一点时间，我再把你的指示看一遍。
　I think I've grasped your main proposals, but would you mind running through them once again?　我认为我明白了你的主要意思，不过你可以再叙述一遍吗?
　I'll just run through this list of figures with you.　我来和你很快地看一遍这个数目表。
5. 预演 rehearse
　Let's run through the first scene again.　我们再把第一场排练一遍吧。
　Let's run through the exercises orally before writing them down.　这些练习咱们先口头做一遍，然后再写下来。
6. 贯穿 spread right through
　〔说明〕 run through作此解时通常不用于进行体。
　A feeling of sadness runs through his poetry.　一种悲伤感贯穿于他的诗歌。
　A keen humour runs through the writings of G. B. Shaw.　一种强烈的幽默感贯穿在萧伯纳的作品中。
7. （使）快速移动，（使）随意移动 (cause to) move quickly or freely
　An alarming thought kept running through my mind.　一个令人惊恐的念头一直在我脑海中转来转去。
　A shudder ran through his body as he died.　他死的时候浑身颤抖了一下。
　He ran his fingers through his hair in confusion.　他心里很乱，禁不住将手放在头发里乱挠。
 ♣ run to　(v.+prep.)
1. 买得起，足够… be enough for
　〔说明〕 run to作此解时通常不用于进行体。
　I can't run to that new car.　我买不起那辆新车。
　My money won't run to a holiday abroad this year.　今年我的钱不够到国外度假。
2. 扩展到 extend to
　〔说明〕 run to作此解时通常不用于进行体。
　My new novel has already run to three impressions.　我的新小说已出了三版了。
　It is estimated that the casualties may run to more than ten thousand killed and wounded.　估计伤亡人数可达万余人。
　The boundary runs to the south of that forest.　边界线延伸到那片森林的南部。
3. 趋向，向…去 have a tendency towards
　〔说明〕 run to作此解时通常不用于被动结构。
　You are running to fat.　你有发胖的趋势。
　The ball ran to the boundary.　球向边线滚去。
4. 〈主英〉驱车（送某人）去… drive (sb) to a place
　Would you like to run to the harbour to look at the ships?　你想不想开车到码头看看船?
　Can I run you to the station?　我开车送你去车站好吗?
 ♣ run up¹　(v.+adv.)
1. 升起 raise especially a flag or banner
　They ran up the national flag on the queen's birthday.　他们在女王生日那天升起了国旗。
　Seeing a ship on the horizon, we ran up a flag of distress.　看到地平线上出现一艘船，我们连忙升起遇险信号旗。
2. 赶做 sew quickly together
　Jill ran up a costume for the party on her sewing machine.　吉尔匆匆忙忙用缝纫机赶制了一件参加宴会穿的服装。
　I ran this dress up in one evening.　我只用了一个晚上赶制这件衣服。
3. （使）增长 incur a bill or debt
　His debts ran up alarmingly.　他的债务惊人地增长。
　The sales of the book ran up.　这部书的销量激增。
　She ran up a large phone bill.　她欠下了很多电话费。
　Packing will bring us more money, because the special packing will run up the price of the item.　包装会给我们带来更多的钱，因为这种特殊包装会抬高商品的价格。
 ♣ run up²　(v.+prep.)
　迅速地登上；沿…迅速地移动　move quickly up sth, as by running; move quickly along sth
　He ran up the stairs three at a time.　他一步三级跑上了楼梯。
　I got out of breath running up the hill from the station.　我从车站跑上山顶，连气都喘不上来了。
　A sudden pain ran up her leg.　一阵突然的疼痛顺着她的腿蔓延开来。
　The insect ran up my leg.　小虫子爬到我腿上来了。
 ♣ run up against　(v.+adv.+prep.)
　遇到，碰到　encounter
　I ran up against Bill in the market.　我在市场上偶然碰到了比尔。
　I ran up against a glass door and hurt my head.　我撞上了玻璃门，把头撞伤了。
　In the dark, I ran up against a cupboard.　黑暗中，我撞着了一个碗柜。
　The firm ran up against strong competition.　这家公司遇到了强有力的竞争。
　I thought we would be successful, but we ran up against a lack of money.　我原以为我们会成功，但我们遇到了缺乏资金的难题。
　We ran up against some unexpected opposition.　我们碰到了意想不到的反对。
 ♣ run with　(v.+prep.)
　流满　be covered with
　The streets were running with blood after the massacre.　那场大屠杀后，街上血流成河。
　His face was running with sweat.　他汗流满面。

 ♣ run short, run short of
　这两个短语都是“快用完”的意思。前者相当于不及物动词，主语一般为物，以主动形式表示被动意义；后者相当于及物动词，其主语为人或部门， of后接表示时间或钱、物的名词。例如：
　
 ♣ run away, escape, flee, fly
　参见escape条。
 ♣ run into, add up to, amount to, come to, count up to
　参见add条。
 ♣ run, flow, pour, stream
　参见pour条。
 ♣ run, gallop, race
　参见race条。
 ♣ run, manage, operate
　参见operate条。
 ♣ 下面两句意思相同：
　
 ♣ 下面各组中的两个句子意思不同：
　
　
　
　

1. 昨天我在超级市场上正巧碰见她。
　［误］ I ran across with her in the supermarket yesterday.
　［正］ I ran across her in the supermarket yesterday.
　［析］ run across意为“偶然碰见”，其后可直接接sb/sth.
2. 在测验的最后一道题上，我遇到了麻烦。
　［误］ I ran against trouble on the last problem on the test.
　［正］ I ran into trouble on the last problem on the test.
　［析］ run into表示“偶然撞上”“偶然碰到”，宾语可以是困难、危险等， run against不用于此义。
3. 要是他没把孩子拉开，孩子就会被火车轧死了。
　［误］ If he hadn't pulled the child away, the child would have been run down by the train.
　［正］ If he hadn't pulled the child away, the child would have been run over by the train.
　［析］ run over为及物动词短语，意为“碾过，（车辆）轧死”，而run down仅表示“撞倒，撞翻”，不及run over后果严重。
4. 他们决定不等钱用完就回家。
　［误］ They decided to go home before their money was run out.
　［正］ They decided to go home before their money ran out.
　［析］ run out意为“用完”，是不及物动词短语，因此，不能用于被动结构。
5. 她跑到那里敲了敲门。
　［误］ She ran away to the place and knocked at the door.
　［正］ She ran to the place and knocked at the door.
　［析］ 表示“跑”的动作用不及物动词run, run away是“跑掉，逃跑”的意思。
6. 河水开始干涸。
　［误］ The river was beginning to run drily.
　［正］ The river was beginning to run dry.
　［析］ run可以用作系动词，表示“变得”，后接形容词作表语。
7. 恐怕这件衬衫洗时将会褪色。
　［误］ I'm afraid the colour will be run when I wash this shirt.
　［正］ I'm afraid the colour will run when I wash this shirt.
　［析］ run表示“褪色”时用作不及物动词，不用于被动结构。
8. 谁经营镇上的汽车服务站?
　［误］ Who runs for the taxi service in town?
　［正］ Who runs the taxi service in town?
　［析］ run作“经营”解时是及物动词，不用再加介词。

　run　作“管理”解时是非正式用语，正式场合应该用operate或manage.

1. C 跑，奔跑　 act or period of running on foot
2. U C 旅行，旅程　 instance or period of travelling by car, train, etc.
3. C 行驶路线　 route taken by vehicles, ships, etc.
4. C 持续的演出，一连串事件　 series of performances, a continuous set of similar events
5. C 时期，一段时间　 period or succession; spell
6. U C 趋势，趋向　 tendency or trend of sth

　run　用作名词意思是“跑，奔跑”，也可指“旅行，运行期间”，主要强调运行或旅行的路程，也可指“行驶路线”。run还可指“持续的演出”“时期，一段时间”。引申可指“趋向，趋势”“兜风”“购物潮”“得分”等。

　cover ～　走完航程
　finish ～　结束航程
　score a ～　得了一分
　average ～　普通人
　brief ～　暂时畅销
　common ～　普通人
　considerable ～　销路很好
　extra ～　增开一班次
　good ～　畅销
　hurried ～　匆匆跑
　last ～　最后一班
　long ～　长期演出
　non-stop ～　直达航线
　railroad ～　火车路程
　after a ～ of　一连串的…
　at a ～　跑步
　by the ～　猛然，马上
　during a ～ of　在…时间内
　for a ～　跑步
　off ～　不再航行
　on ～　在航线上
　on the ～　逃跑，奔波
　out of the ～　不寻常的事
　to a ～　跑起来
　with a ～　突然下降
　～ between　往返于…之间
　～ by　只需
　～ from　离开…的航行中
　～ of　跑了
　～ of office　任期
　～ of wet weather　阴雨连绵
　～ on the bank　银行发生挤兑
　～ to　去…旅行

　She usually goes for a run before breakfast.　她常常在早饭前去跑步。
　A cross-country run is a run across the fields.　越野赛跑是一种穿越山野的赛跑。
　Oxford to London is about an hour's run by train.　从牛津到伦敦乘火车大约有一小时行程。
　The train makes a run of one hundred miles in two hours.　这列火车两小时行驶100英里的路程。
　The boat operates on the Dover-Calais run.　这艘船航行的是多佛—加莱航线。
　The boat was taken off its usual run.　那船驶出其寻常的航线。
　The play had a good run of six months.　那出戏演了6个月。
　It's just finished its West End run.　在伦敦西区的长期演出刚刚结束。
　I've had a run of bad luck recently.　我最近碰到了一连串倒霉的事。
　This policy has had a run of success in Africa.　这项政策已在非洲取得一连串的成功。
　We've enjoyed an exceptional run of fine weather recently.　我们这里最近天气好极了。
　After 40 minutes Spurs scored, against the run of play.　斯伯尔斯队每况愈下，40分钟后却得了分。
　The run of the cards favoured me.　我起到的牌非常好。
　Let's go for a run in the car.　咱们开车去兜兜风。
　She's different from the general run of students.　她和普通的学生不一样。
　There's been a big run on ice cream during this hot weather.　这热天气使市面上对冰淇淋的需求量大增。
　The run on the pound forced the government to act.　对英镑的挤兑迫使政府采取行动。
　England scored 301 runs.　英格兰队得了301分。

 ♣ at a run
　跑　running
　He started off at a run but soon tired and slowed to at walk.　他跑步出发，但很快就累得慢下来成了步行。
　She left the house at a run.　她跑着离开房子。
 ♣ by〔with〕 a/the run
　迅速下降　declining quickly
　Price came down by the run.　物价一落千丈。
　The temperature came down with a run.　气温突然下降。
 ♣ get〔have〕 the run of
　得到准许充分使用…　get permission to make full use of sth
　He has the run of the house.　他获准使用那栋房子。
　I have the run of his extensive library.　我有使用他藏书丰富的图书馆的自由。
　She gets the run of the car.　她获准使用那辆汽车。
 ♣ give the run of
　准许（某人）充分使用…　give (sb) the permission to make full use of sth
　He's given our children the run of his garden.　他让我们的孩子随便进出他的花园。
 ♣ in the long run
　从长远来看，终究　ultimately; eventually
　In the long run prices are bound to rise.　从长远看，物价肯定要涨。
　It'll be cheaper in the long run to use genuine leather because it will last longer.　使用真皮制品从长远的观点来看还是相对便宜的，因为真皮制品比较经久耐用。
　Sure, you can profit from criticism in the long and painful run.　当然，接受批评是痛苦的，但终究会对你有好处。
　It will be much cheaper in the long run to buy a car.　到头来买一辆汽车将会更加便宜了。
 ♣ in the short run
　从短期来看，在短期内，不久　for the near future
　Of course plastic's cheaper than leather in the short run, but it won't last as long.　从短期来看，塑料制品当然比皮制品便宜，但塑料制品比不上皮制品经久耐用。
　The TV set will be much cheaper in the short run, I suppose.　我想，要不了多久电视机就更加便宜了。
 ♣ on the run
1. 忙碌，奔波 continuously active and moving about
　My poor father is on the run from morning till night.　我那可怜的爸爸整日奔波，从早忙到晚。
2. 奔逃，逃跑 fleeing from pursuit or capture
　He's on the run from the police.　他正在逃避警方的缉捕。
　The escaped murderer has been on the run for three weeks.　杀人犯已经在逃三个星期了，还没有抓到。
　We have got the enemy on the run now.　漏网的敌人已被我们抓住。
 ♣ run for one's money
1. 较量，竞争，对抗 competition or opposition
　They may win the game, but we'll give them a good run for their money.　他们即使能赢得这场比赛，我们也不会让他们轻易取胜。
2. 满足 reward, interest, enjoyment, etc.， especially in return for effort
　I feel I've had an excellent run for my money and now I'm happy to retire.　我对我一生的事业十分满意，现在退休甚为欣慰。
　He lived to be 92, so I think he had a good run for his money.　他活到92岁，我想他该满足了。

　［同义词］ v. escape, flee, catch, hunt, seize, collide, crash, encounter, meet, exhaust, incur n. dash, rash, sprint, sequence, series
　［词源］　中古英语rinnen, rennen<古挪威语rinna（跟，跑，使跑）