1. 短的；简短的，短暂的　 measuring little from one end to the other; not last long; brief
2. A 短期的，即将兑现的　 maturing at an early date
3. 矮的，低的　 below the average height
4. P 简称的，简略形式的　 a shorter form of, way of saying
5. 短缺的，未达标的　 not reaching the usual standard or required weight, length, quality, etc.
6. P 不够；缺乏，缺少　 not having much or enough of sth; lacking sth or a certain quality
7. 简单粗暴的，唐突无礼的　 curt; abrupt
8. 短音的　 pronounced for a relatively brief time
9. 少而浓的，烈性的　 small and strong; made with spirits
10.　油酥的　 rich and crumbly as a result of containing much fat

　～ cut　捷径
　～ house　矮屋
　～ stick　短棍
　～ tree　矮树
　fall ～ of　没有达到，未能满足，缺乏
　fall ～ of expectations　辜负某人的期望
　fall ～ of goal　未达到自己的目标
　～ for　是…的缩略
　～ in　在…方面短（缺）的
　～ in needed material　所需材料短缺
　～ in the sleeves　袖子短了些
　～ in understanding　缺乏了解
　～ of　缺乏，缺少，有一段距离，未达到
　～ of breath　呼吸短促
　～ of cash　现金短缺
　～ of food　食物短缺
　～ of funds　资金短缺的
　～ of meeting the requirements　满足不了这些要求
　～ of men　缺乏人力
　～ of one million　不足一百万
　～ of ten dollars　差10美元
　～ of water　缺水
　～ on　缺乏，缺少
　～ on housing　住房缺乏
　～ on knowledge　知识肤浅

　It will be a saving to take a short cut.　走捷径能节省时间。
　His doctor suggested that he take a short leave of absence.　他的医生建议他请假短时期休息休息。
　I never knew who could do so much in such a short time.　我从未见过有人能在这样短的时间内做这么多的工作。
　She managed to pack a lot of sightseeing into the short period of time she had in London.　她在伦敦逗留的短短一段时间中，紧凑地安排了一连串的观光活动。
　She worked the whole day with only a short interval at noon.　她整天工作，仅仅在中午休息一会儿。
　He has a long trunk with short legs.　他上身长而下身短。
　Short hair is cool in summer.　短发在夏季很酷。
　A straight line is the shortest distance between two points.　直线是两点之间最短的距离。
　She likes to cast her ideas in short sentences.　她喜欢用短句表达自己的思想。
　He drew up a long list of good short stories.　他列出很多篇好的短篇小说。
　He gave her a short answer.　他给了她一个简短而生硬的回答。
　Tell them they must make the food last. We'll all be on short commons if the supply ship doesn't get through on time.　告诉他们必须使食物多维持些时间。如果供应船不能按时来到，我们都要挨饿。
　The soldiers complained that they got short rations.　士兵们抱怨他们得到的配给不够数。
　I rarely have short drinks.　我很少喝烈性酒。
　There is a short vowel in "pull".　在pull一词中有一个短元音。　Our group is two people short.　我们组还需要两个人。
　This packet is supposed to contain ten screws, but it's two short.　这包应装有十个螺丝钉，可是短了两个。
　The missile landed ten miles short.　那枚导弹落在离目标10英里的地方。
　We should go on to the next item for time is short.　时间不多了，我们应该谈下一项内容。
　The little boy's attention span was short.　那个小男孩的注意力持续时间短。
　Jack is shorter than Tom by a head.　杰克比汤姆矮一头。
　His speeches are boring but they have the saving grace of being short.　他的演讲令人厌烦，但具有简短的特点。
　NATO is short for North Atlantic Treaty Organization. NATO　是“北大西洋公约组织”的缩写。
　This room is too short in relation to its width.　和它的宽度相比这间屋子显得太小了。
　He is short on knowledge.　他知识肤浅。
　He's a nice lad but he's a bit short on brains.　他是个很好的小伙子，但是有时没有头脑。
　The book is rather short on illustrations, but has some useful information.　这本书插图较差，但也有一些有用的资料。
　The tired salesman was short with the customers.　这疲倦的售货员对顾客态度粗暴。
　You've cut my hair very short.　你已把我的头发剪得很短。

 ♣ at short notice
　立即，仓促　with little warning
　We are ready to start at short notice.　我们已准备好，一接到通知马上就出发。
　They had to leave at short notice.　他们接到通知后得马上动身。
 ♣ be little short of
　几乎和…相同；简直是　nearly the same as
　The way he runs his business is little short of criminal.　他做生意的方式与犯罪无异。
　Their success is little short of a marvel.　他们的成功简直是不可思议。
　When my children say they will leave me in peace if I let them go to the pictures, it is little short of extortion.　我的孩子们说，除非我让他们去看电影，否则不让我安宁，这和敲诈勒索没什么两样。
 ♣ come short of
1. 缺少，不足 have not enough of
　My money came short of the necessary sum.　我的钱不足所需的数目。
2. 失望 miss; be less than what is expected
　He came short of our expectation.　他令我们失望。
 ♣ fall short (of)
　没有达到标准，不够，不足　fail to reach a required, or a specified standard
　Our supplies have fallen short.　我们的日常用品短缺。
　The movie fell short of expectation.　影片没有人们想象中的好。
　The salary increases fell short of what they expected.　工资增加没有他们期待的那样多。
 ♣ give short shrift
　对…不太理睬，漠不关心　devote little time to sb
　He came to me with some crazy plan, but I gave it very short shrift.　他找我谈某个莫名其妙的计划，可是，我对此采取十分冷淡的态度。
　Gerald tried to borrow another ten pounds from me, but I give him very short shrift.　杰拉尔德想再向我借10英镑，但我却对他漠不关心。
 ♣ go short (of)
　缺乏，不够　have less of sth than one should
　If you take more than your fair share, someone else will have to go short.　假如你拿了比你应得的一份还多，别的人就不够了。
　In those days we often went short of food and clothing.　那时候我们经常缺吃少穿。
　The field near the reservoir can hardly go short of water.　水库附近的土地不大会缺水。
　He never allowed his wife to go short of anything she wanted.　他从不会让他妻子缺少任何她想要的东西。
 ♣ in a short time
　〈非正〉过了一阵子　 after a short time
　They fell in love with each other at first sight and in a short time were married.　他们一见钟情，过了一阵子就结婚了。
 ♣ in short supply
　供不应求　scare
　Food is in short supply.　食物供应不足。
　Petrol is in desperately short supply.　汽油极度缺乏。
　Potatoes are in short supply because of the bad harvest.　土豆因歉收而供应不足。
 ♣ make short work of
　快速完成；迅速处理 complete〔conclude〕　quickly
　The hungry children make short work of the jam pie.　饥饿的孩子们很快把果酱馅饼吃完了。
　If the enemy dares to attack us in these entrenched positions, we will make short work of them.　如果敌人胆敢进攻我们固守的阵地，我们就消灭他们。
 ♣ nothing short of
　完全相同　the same as
　Nothing short of your best work will satisfy me.　几乎是你最好的工作才能使我满意。
　I think that the factory farming of calves for veal is nothing short of murder.　我以为工厂化养牛以作食用同谋杀没什么两样。
 ♣ run short (of)
　短缺，数量不足　not have enough of
　At the end of the fiscal year they ran short of money.　在本会计年度末他们缺乏资金。
　The world is gradually running short of oil.　世界正在逐渐出现石油短缺。
　Bob asked Jack to lend him five dollars because he was running short.　鲍勃向杰克借五美元，因为他钱不够。
　There is a good supply of books in the cupboard, so we are unlikely to run short.　书橱里有许多书，所以我们不大可能缺书看。
 ♣ short and sweet
　〈口〉简单明了　 brief and to the point
　We're in a hurry, so make it short and sweet.　我们很急，请简单扼要地说。
　I asked the boss for a rise and his reply was predictably short and sweet!　我要求老板增加我的工资，他的回答如意料的一样，简单明了！
 ♣ short change
　故意少给其找零头　give sb insufficient change
　John made a big stink about being accidentally short changed.　售货员无意中少找了钱，约翰就大叫大嚷起来。
　Be careful in that shop—they have a habit of short changing.　小心那家商店——他们总是会少给你找头。
 ♣ short head
　少量；短距离　small amount; small distance
　I contacted the council as soon as I heard the land was for sale, but my neighbour beat me by a short head and got his bid in first.　我听说这块地要出售就与委员会联系，但我的邻居比我快了一步，抢先买去了。
 ♣ short of
1. 缺少 lack of sb/sth
　In the beginning, we were short of funds, and at one time, the manpower was not enough.　开始我们资金不足，同时，人手也不足。
　When we found out that the company was short of hands for the building of the reservoir, we all went there to help out.　我们得知公司在建造水库方面缺少人手后，都跑去支援。
2. 不远，差一点 without going as far as, or not as far as
　He counted out his money, but found he was short of the amount he needed to buy the book by two yuan.　他数了数手头的钱，发现还差两元钱才能买那本书。
　We walked just short of a hundred li.　我们差一点就走满一百里路。
　The car broke down when we were still ten miles short of our destination.　当我们离目的地还有10英里时，汽车抛锚了。
3. 除了…之外 except
　He will do anything short of murder to achieve his ends.　为了达到目的，他除了凶杀什么都会干。
　I will do anything to get some money—short of stealing it.　我只要能多挣些钱干什么都愿意，只要不是去偷。
 ♣ short of breath
　喘不过气来　breathless
　I must lose some weight—I get short of breath just walking up the stairs.　我必须减肥，我一上楼就上气不接下气。
 ♣ short weight
　比…重量要轻　less than the proper weight
　The butcher has given us short weight again.　那卖肉的又少给了我们。
　The coal doesn't seem to last as long as it used to; I wonder if we're getting short weight.　看起来这堆煤烧不了如以往那么长时间，我怀疑可能是这堆煤的分量不足。
 ♣ stop short of
　不再，停止　not go as far as
　She wouldn't stop short of stealing if she thought it would help her children.　如果她认为偷窃有助于抚养她的孩子的话，她是不会不干的。
　We will never stop short of the goal.　不达目的，绝不罢休。
 ♣ to cut a long story short
　简言之　recount sth briefly
　To cut a long story short, he lost the race.　简单地说，他跑输了。
　I forgot to send for a new cheque book, I've lost my cash card, and—well, to cut a long story short, can you lend me ten pounds until Monday?　我忘了写信索取我的新支票簿，我又丢了信用卡，而且——长话短说吧，你是否能借我10英镑，我星期一还你?

 ♣ run short, run short of
　参见run条。
 ♣ short, brief
　这两个词的共同意思是“短的”。其区别在于：brief着重指时间、言谈、篇幅等“短暂”“简短”; short是普通用词，泛指各种“短”。例如：
　My acquaintance with him was brief.　我与他相识的时间不长。
　I went on a short trip.　我作短暂的旅行。
 ♣ short, concise
　这两个词都有“简明的”“简短的”意思。其区别在于：concise表示用较少的话准确地表述某事，无赘言；short指简短，但不一定准确，还可用于表示时间短暂、不足等。例如：
　The article is concise and to the point.　这篇文章简明扼要。
　The mayor gave a short speech.　市长发表了简短的讲话。

1. 这小伙子身材矮小。
　［误］ The fellow is rather short in height.
　［正］ The fellow is rather short.
　［析］ short本身可表示“身材矮小”，无需加in height.
2. 他患了一种因自己身材矮小而产生的自卑情结症。
　［误］ He suffers from an inferiority complex because he's low.
　［正］ He suffers from an inferiority complex because he's short.
　［析］ 表示“身体矮小”用short，不用low.
3. Lab是laboratory的缩略形式。
　［误］ "Lab" is short of "laboratory".
　［正］ "Lab" is short for "laboratory".
　［析］ be short of意为“缺乏…”；要表达“是…的简写”，应说be short for.
4. 他们的汽油快用完了。
　［误］ They are running shortly of gasoline.
　［正］ They are running short of gasoline.
　［析］ 表示“缺少…”“快用完…”可说run short of, run在此为系动词，故不说run shortly of.
5. 油的供应短缺了。
　［误］ The supply of oil is running short of.
　［正］ The supply of oil is running short.
　我们的钱快用完了。
　［误］ Our money is running short of.
　［正］ Our money is running short.
　［析］ “（某物）快用完”或“变得不够用”可以用sth run short的结构，这里作主语的是物，不是人。如果用人作主语，则用 sb run short of sth的结构，作“（某人）缺…”解。
6. 这首诗很短，可以背诵下来。
　［误］ The poem is short to learn by heart.
　［正］ The poem is short enough to learn by heart.
　我们的假期太短了，不能用作旅行。
　［误］ Our vacation is short to take for a journey.
　［正］ Our vacation is too short to take for a journey.
　［析］ 在short后接主动形式的不定式表示被动意义时，它的后面必须加enough，或者在它前面加too.
7. 商品供应不足。
　［误］ The goods are in a short supply.
　［正］ The goods are in short supply.
　很难买到瓷茶杯，供应非常不足。
　［误］ Difficult to buy china cups, they are in a very short supply.
　［正］ Difficult to buy china cups, they are in very short supply.
　［析］ “（某种商品）供应不足”“不够用”习惯用be in short supply，中间不加任何冠词；但可以在short前加程度副词very，表示“供应非常不足”。
8. 昨天他对我非常无礼。
　［误］ He was very short to me yesterday.
　［正］ He was very short with me yesterday.
　他对我如此粗鲁，以至于我的自尊心受到了伤害。
　［误］ He was so short to me that I felt hurt.
　［正］ He was so short with me that I felt hurt.
　［析］ “对…无礼或怠慢”，应该说be short with...，其中介词 with不能改用 to.

　突然，唐突地　suddenly; abruptly

　catch ～　突然便急
　cut ～　使突然结束，使突然中断
　pull up ～　突然停住
　sell ～　售光
　stop ～　突然停下来

　The shells fell short.　炮弹没打中目标。
　The arrow landed short.　箭未射到目标便落地了。

 ♣ bring〔pull〕 up short
　使…忽然停止干某事　make sb/sth suddenly what one is doing
　Ann was strolling along aimlessly when I brought her up short by calling her name from the other side of the street.　安正在街上漫无目标地闲逛，我从街对面叫她，她便停了下来。
　He brought the bus up short when the light changed to red.　红色交通灯一亮，他突然把公交车停住。
　The driver pulled the car up short just in time to prevent an accident.　司机及时地突然刹车，避免了一场事故。
 ♣ cut short
　突然停止　stop suddenly
　I cut him short in the middle of his explanation.　他解释了一半我就把他的话打断了。
　The meeting was cut short when the chairman fell ill.　主席一生病，会议就中断了。
 ♣ stop short
　突然停止　stop suddenly
　Uncle Tom stopped short and looked at me.　汤姆叔叔突然停了下来，看了看我。
　The professor opened his mouth to say something; but he stopped short.　教授开口说话，但又突然停止了。
　He stopped short when he heard his name called.　他听到有人叫他，就突然停了下来。
　The horse stopped short when he heard my voice.　那匹马一听见我的声音就突然停了下来。
　Stopping the car short caused a pileup on the highway.　这辆汽车突然刹车使公路上的汽车排成长龙。

 ♣ short, shortly
　两者都是副词，但不同义：short的意思是“突然”“蓦然”；而shortly则作“不久”“在短时期内”解，且多用于将来时态。例如：
　

1. C 短路　 short circuit
2. C 短片　 short film, especially one shown before the main film at a cinema
3. P 烈酒　 small strong alcoholic drink, especially of spirits
4. P 短裤　 short trousers that do not reach the knee, e. g. as worn by children, or by adults playing sports or in hot weather

　make ～ of the matter　长话短说，简而言之
　squeeze the ～s　轧空头，迫使卖空者用高价补进
　Bermuda ～s　短裤
　walking ～s　短裤
　for ～　作为简称，作为缩写
　in ～　简单地说，总之
　the long and the ～ of it　总而言之，这事的概略

　This accident is due to an electrical short.　这次事故是由电路短路引起的。
　There are a couple of shorts on before the main film.　主片开映之前有几部短片。
　These shorts are too tight for me.　这条短裤给我穿太紧了。
　The only time Dad shows his knees is on holiday, when he wears shorts instead of his long trousers.　父亲只有在度假时才会露出膝盖，因为那时他不穿长裤而穿短裤。

 ♣ for short
　简称，缩写　in abbreviated form
　His real name was Thomas, but he was called Tom for short.　他真正的名字是托马斯，但人们简称他为汤姆。
　Robert, is called Bob for short.　罗伯特，简称鲍勃。
 ♣ in short
　简而言之　stated briefly
　In short, I live there.　简而言之，我住在那里。
　In short, they gave him no peace day or night.　简而言之，他们使他日夜不得安宁。
　Without going into details, I think that the plan is, in short, rubbish.　简言之，我认为这个计划没有具体内容，所以毫无价值。
 ♣ the long and the short of
　概要　speaking briefly
　The long and the short of what I have said is this.　我所说的归纳起来就是这些。

 ♣ for short, in short
　这两个短语含义不同：in short表示“总之”“简言之”，用于文章、段落、言语等；for short表示“简称”“缩写”，多用于姓名等。

1. 总之，社会必须重新组织。
　［误］ In a short, society must be reorganized.
　［正］ In short, society must be reorganized.
　［析］ in short是习惯用法， short前不加任何冠词。
2. 总而言之，我们要作好充分准备。
　［误］ In short word, we must get well prepared.
　［正］ In short, we must get well prepared.
　［析］ “总之”“简言之”用in short表示，这里short是名词，不能再加word.

　［同义词］ adj. not long, brief, hasty, quick, summary
　［反义词］ adj. high, tall; extended, long
　［词源］　古英语sceort（短的，矮的）