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词组 astonished
释义 astonished
      In Bernstein 1965 we find the information that astonished at suggests disapproval, and astonished by approval. Lincoln Library 1924 takes a different approach. It says astonished "at a situation or a person's attitude, by an event." Astonished can be used with either at or by; the rest is simply editors' guesswork.
      Astonished was formerly used with with:
      ... astonish'd with surprize —John Dryden, 1697 (OED)
      ... his wits astonished with sorrow —Sir Philip Sidney, 1580 (OED)
      Our evidence for astonished followed by a preposition is not great enough to suggest statistical reliability, but we have considerably more evidence for at:
      In central Chile I was astonished at the structure of a vast mound —Charles Darwin, On the Origin Of Species by Means of Natural Selection, 1859
      ... you shall be astonished at the gay dresses and painted cheeks —"Aguecheek," My Unknown Chum, 1912
      ... astonished at the ease with which she managed to make him drop into his seat again —Joseph Conrad, Chance, 1913
      We hefted one and were astonished at how heavy it was — New Yorker, 25 Oct. 1952
      ... astonished at the havoc wrought —F. Kingdon-Ward, Geographical Jour., June 1953
      We have little evidence for by followed by a noun, but much more for by followed by a gerund. It may be the latter construction that prompted Lincoln Library to tie this combination to events.
      One can never enter St. Peter's without being astonished by its vastness and its majesty —Arthur Milton, Rome in Seven Days, 1924
      ... Mrs. Pontifex astonished the whole village by showing unmistakable signs of a disposition to present her husband with an heir or heiress —Samuel Butler, The Way of All Flesh, 1903
      ... astonished his fellows by buying and smoking ten-cent cigars —Sherwood Anderson, Poor White, 1920
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