| 词组 | escape |
| 释义 | escape Does a prisoner escape jail or escape from jail? Escape from is the usual idiom, but escape is also occasionally used as a transitive verb in such a context, without from: • ... after escaping a Russian prison camp in his youth —Stanley Ellin, N.Y. Times Book Rev., 20 July 1975 This sense of the verb is "to get free of." Its use, like that of the intransitive escape (from), is naturally not limited to descriptions of jailbreaks: • ... machine-gunned those who tried to escape the burning ruins —William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall ofthe Third Reich, 1960 • ... and escaped the jungle to carry forward the struggle —James Atlas, N.Y. Times Book Rev., 19 Sept. 1976 A distinctive modern use of transitive escape is in contexts relating to space travel: • ... to escape the earth's gravitational pull —Edwina Deans et al., Unifying Mathematics, 2d ed., 1968 • ... the second spacecraft to escape the Solar System —S. W. H. Cowley, Nature, 21 Mar. 1980 Evidence in the OED shows that this transitive escape is extremely old, being first attested in the 14th century. By the end of the 1600s, however, it had fallen into disuse, and until quite recently it was either omitted altogether from dictionaries or was labeled obsolete, as it is in the OED and in Webster's Third. Its recent revival— more accurately, its recent recoinage—dates only from the late 1950s, according to our evidence. Relatively few usage commentators have taken note of it, but those that have (Bernstein 1962, 1965; Harper 1975, 1985; and the usage panel of Heritage 1969) regard it as an error, arguing that as a transitive verb escape properly means "to avoid" (as in "escape possible punishment"). On the other hand, most current dictionaries (including Heritage 1982) now treat escape in the sense "get free of as standard. Our evidence shows that it is far less common than escape from, but the contexts in which it occurs are standard, and we can see no compelling reason to shun it. After three decades of reputable use, it seems clear that this old sense of escape has come back to stay. |
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