| 词组 | access |
| 释义 | access 1. Access, excess. The Oxford American Dictionary 1980 and Shaw 1962 warn against the confusion of these two words, which sound very much alike. The OED notes that access was used quite a bit in the past for excess; it also notes that the sense "addition, increase" approaches excess in meaning. We have no clear-cut evidence of confusion, and confusion would seem possible only in those senses of access—"outburst, fit" and "an increase by addition"— that are used in constructions with of similar to those in which excess is also used. For instance: • Adrian's report accused his pupil of an extraordinary access of cynicism —George Meredith, The Ordeal of Richard Feverel, 1859 • An excess of zeal in that direction entangled them in difficulties with their bishops —Oscar Handlin, The American People in the Twentieth Century, 1954 • ... until the chiefs, in a sudden access of wickedness, took it from them —G. M. Trevelyan, English Social History, 1942 • ... for the teeth the government wanted were never there (in a legislative act) until other judges in an excess of patriotism put in false ones —Zechariah Chafee, Jr., Free Speech in the United States, 1941 • Mr. Cruncher, in an access of loyalty, growlingly repeated the words after Miss Pross —Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities, 1859 • ... he had gotten his little pants so filthy, by crawling extensively under houses in some excess of industry —Peggy Bennett, The Varmints, 1947 • ... the momentary rise in us of that curious access of tenderness which may bring tears to the eyes —C. E. Montague, A Writer's Notes on His Trade, 1930 It is possible for the words to be exchanged in a few of these examples, but real confusion on the part of the authors seems unlikely. Access is most frequently used of emotions, and is not infrequently modified by sudden; when excess is used of emotions, it is frequently pluralized. 2. The most commonly used senses of access, when followed by a preposition, take to: • "Will that restrict your access to information?" — Upton Sinclair, A World to Win, 1946 • ... a man with access to the President —David Hal-berstam, Harper's, July 1969 • ... to provide poor citizens with access to the nation's courts —Donald McDonald, Center Mag., March/April 1971 • ... the difficulty of gaining access to complete copies of such vital sources —Times Literary Supp., 19 Feb. 1971 |
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