| 词组 | aegis |
| 释义 | aegis Back in 1939 the editors of Webster's Second (1934) added a new sense of aegis in the New Words Section: "Patronage; sponsorship; auspices; as, under the aegis of the Liberal Club." Bernstein 1965 criticizes this sense of aegis. The new definition had been occasioned by uses like this one: • It is improper to pass from the questions of Seneca's influence upon the Tragedy of Blood and upon the language of the Elizabethans without mentioning the group of "Senecal" plays, largely produced under the aegis of the Countess of Pembroke —T. S. Eliot, "Seneca in Elizabethan Translation," in Selected Essays, 1932 The history of aegis up to the development of the 1939 sense is fairly straightforward. Its earliest meaning was a shield or breastplate originally associated in classical mythology with Zeus and Athena. This meaning has had some use in literary English: • Where was thine >Egis, Pallas, that appalled Stern Alaric? —Lord Byron, Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, 1812 (OED) • The purposes of yEgis-bearing Jove —William Cul-len Bryant, The Odyssey of Homer, 1877 (OED) From the shield or breastplate, the transition to a sense meaning "protection" is plain enough: • They were sheltered by the aegis of the laws —Con-nop Thirlwall, A History of Greece, 1836 (OED) • ... behind the aegis of a big and bright and newly forged telephone-inspector badge —Albert Payson Terhune, Further Adventures of Lad, 1922 • "... now that the Imperial aegis protects me...." — Raphael Sabatini, The Strolling Saint, 1924 • Had they come to Philippi to preach the tidings of the Messiah under the aegis of their Roman citizenship? Their aegis was God —Sholem Asch, The Apostle, 1943 • It is urged that motion pictures do not fall within the First Amendment's aegis —Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson, 72 S. Ct. 777, 1952 • ... we witnessed the power of the people, and even now our bodies are wrapped in the magic aegis of their love —William Crain, East Village Other, 10 Nov. 1970 You should observe that this sense of aegis does not necessarily come in the phrase under the aegis of. That phrase is not attested until 1910. A sharp-eyed reader for the OED Supplement found this example in the 11th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica in the article on billiards: • Under the aegis of the Billiard Association a tacit understanding was arrived at The sense here is neither of the first two, of course, but rather the new sense "patronage, sponsorship, auspices" recorded in Webster's Second; it is easy enough to see how this meaning developed from that of "protection." It is this meaning, especially used with under, that has produced, in its various subsenses, the predominant uses in 20th-century English. Reader's Digest 1983 thinks these are secondary uses, but they are not. Copperud 1970 could not find them in dictionaries, but he must have skipped Webster's Third and the 1963 Collegiate Dictionary abridged from it. In addition to T. S. Eliot and the encyclopedia, here are some examples of "sponsorship, patronage, auspices": • So why not a series of rock concerts, produced under the aegis of the Fillmore —Richard Goldstein, New York, 24 May 1971 • It was written (and published) under the aegis of the Council on Foreign Relations —Willard L. Thorp, Yale Rev., Summer 1954 • ... it was under the aegis of Sir Barry Jackson ... that many of the later Shaw plays saw the light —W. Bridges-Adams, The British Theatre, rev. ed., 1946 • ... under the aegis of London University, university colleges have been started ... in the Sudan and East Africa —Eric Ashby, London Calling, 20 May 1954 Often the word carries the notion of direction, supervision, guidance, or control: • ... the Central Office for South Vietnam, which runs the war in the South under Hanoi's aegis —Robert Shaplen, New Yorker, 24 Apr. 1971 • Before the brief era of reform came to Philadelphia's schools ... under the aegis of Mark R. Shedd and Richardson Dilworth —Peter Binzen, Saturday Rev., 5 Feb. 1972 • ... urging his government to send troops—to include his son—under the aegis of the United Nations —Sir Leslie Munro, United Nations: Hope for a Divided World, 1960 • That was not our fault, however, but that of the Holy Alliance under the aegis of Metternich —A. L. Rowse, Britain To-Day, September 1944 This sense is sometimes used in the context of the theater and films to connote the functions of producer, director, or distributor: • Her first Hollywood picture as a free-lance star, no longer under the aegis of Selznick —Current Biography, September 1965 • ... last done on film so satisfyingly by Joe Mankie-wicz in 1953 under the star-studded aegis of M-G-M —Judith Crist, New York, 8 Feb. 1971 When used of individuals, the meaning may sometimes be close to "leadership": • He joined the Fabian Society, which under the intellectual aegis of Sidney and Beatrice Webb had repudiated the violent revolutionary doctrines of Karl Marx —Time, 6 Aug. 1945 • ... the nontonalists, relatively weak, but united under the aegis of Schoenberg —Robert Evett, Atlantic, July 1971 Aegis is also used in a sense of "a strong or guiding influence": • Gide was unable even to approach this goal at first, all the more so because he began his literary activities under the aegis of symbolism —Carlos Lynes, Jr., in Forms of Modern Fiction, ed. William Van O'Connor, 1948 • ... little was added to the requirements of notice and hearing developed by the courts under the aegis of the due process clause —Nathaniel L. Nathanson, American Political Science Rev., June 1951 • The feminine dramas of Little Women unfold under the aegis of a father deified by absence —H. M. Parshley, Translator's Preface to Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex, 1952 • Without realizing it, many American mothers, under the aegis of benevolent permissiveness ... actually neglect their children —Time, 28 Dec. 1970 Further senses of aegis appear to be developing, but they are not readily or fully identifiable yet. One of these carries a notion of an identifying name or label: • The new publication ... will appear under the aegis of Breskin Publications —Plastics Newsfront, January 1951 • The disc is issued under the aegis of Middlebury College —Bertrand H. Bronson, Western Folklore, October 1954 • ... Fawcett Crest reports that nearly 19 million soft-cover copies of 16 Taylor Caldwell novels are in print under its aegis alone —Nan Robertson, N. Y. Times, 11 Dec. 1976 These examples show the main areas of expansion that aegis is occupying in 20th-century English prose. It is a word that has developed largely within this century, and it shows no sign at present of settling down. |
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