【问】 He asked me what I wanted.句中的what是疑问代词还是关系代词? 【答】 这样的句子脱离上下文常常可以作两种解释。 what=关系代词:He asked me the things I wanted. what=疑问代词:He asked me,“what do you want?” What she wrote was a mystery.亦可作两种解释: what=关系代词:The story that she wrote was a mystery.(=She wrote a mystery sto-ry.)上句可译为“她写的东西是很神秘的。” what =疑问词:I don’t know what she wrote.上句可译为“她写了什么,还是一个迷。”著名语言学家Jespersen曾以“关系代词还是疑问代词”为题用了五页篇幅进行论述,试 图找到某种区分标准。但是他以及其他语言学家们的努力并不是很成功的。例如,有的语言学家说:“ask或wonder这类具有疑问意义的动词后接的what可以认为是100%的疑问词。”但是,正如前面我们所分析的那样,He asked me what I didn’t know.中的what也可以分析为关系代词。还有的语言学家说:“what从句充当主语或主语补语时,what可以看作是关系代词。”但是这种说法显然不适于下列句子: 1. What she wrote was a mystery. 她写的是什么还是一个谜。 2. The problem is what he said,not how he said it. 问题是他说了什么,而不是他怎样说的。 3. It doesn't matter what he does. 他做什么都没关系。 所以,有的语言学家说:“在语法形式上寻求区分标准几乎是不可能的。”然而,根据句意和上下文常常是可以排除歧义的: 1. He insists on knowing what it has cost.(疑问代词) 他坚持要了解花了多少钱。 2. He insists on paying what it has cost.(关系代词) 他坚持支付所花费的款项。 3. What followed is doubtful.(疑问代词) 后来发生了什么事,那还是个疑问。 4. What followed was unpleasant.(关系代词) 后来发生的事是令人不愉快的。