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词组 help
释义

■ help1

喊“救命”也是 help!(中国人可能觉得说得太轻,其实在英语喊 help 是很严重的。)

■ help2

可以是及物动词,也可以是不及物动词。作为及物动词,有如下情况:

1) to help somebody to do something 与 to help somebody do something(无 to)的区别现在已经模糊。但是有些语法书认为,前者只是从旁协助某人自己去做某事。

  • This book helped me to see the truth.这本书帮助我看到真相。

而后者则是插手替某人做某事。

  • Will you help me clear the table?你能替我把桌子收拾干净吗?

但是,如果 help 的主语不可能做出动词不定式所代表的动作,或是该不定式动词使用被动语气,则“越俎代庖”就不大可能,此时动词不定式没有 to 也是“从旁协助”的意思。

  • Help your student get the best grade.(学生用品广告标题)帮你家的学生拿到最好的分数吧。
  • Getting to sleep fast and staying asleep helps you wake up and get ready for the day.迅速入睡并且保持入睡状态,有助于使你一觉醒来精力充沛去迎接新的一天。
  • But now she (Jenna Bush), along with her sister, Barbara, volunteered to help their father get re-elected.但是现在她(珍娜·布什)和她的妹妹巴巴拉一起自告奋勇协助她们父亲争取连选连任。

2) 这个及物动词有一些中国人不习惯的特殊搭配:

a) to help somebody with something,这个 something 可以指帮助的方面或提供的帮助内容或物品。

  • to help somebody with the ironing帮助某人熨衣服
  • to help impoverished communities with their fuel needs帮助贫穷的社群解决燃料之需
  • to help somebody with the books帮助某人处理账目
  • to help somebody with a problem帮助某人解决某问题
  • to help somebody with heating bills帮助某人偿付取暖账单
  • to help the reader with the names of organizations whose abbreviations are relatively familiar帮助读者查出缩写名称比较熟悉的组织名称
  • to help the boss with background data向上司提供背景数据
  • to help him with his English帮助他学英语。

help 的直接宾语可以省略。

  • I depended upon my oldest son the most to help with chores around the house.主要依靠大儿子帮忙做家里的杂活。

b) to help somebody out 表示不但帮助了某人,而且这个帮助是成功的。

  • This calculus assignment is impossible. Can you help out?这个微积分作业做不出来。你能帮忙做出来吗?

c) to help out + prep + some place 表示帮忙做某一地点的特有工作或事务。

  • I have to help out at home on the weekends.每周末都要干点家务事情。
  • I'll come over and help out before the party.我会过来帮忙干点准备聚餐会的活儿。
  • Would you be able to help out in the kitchen?你能帮忙干点厨房的活吗?

d) to help out with something 表示帮忙对某事物施加某动作。

  • Would you please help out with the dishes?请你帮忙洗洗盘子行吗?

e) to help somebody off with something 表示帮助某人脱下某衣物。

  • We helped the children off with their boots.我们帮孩子们脱下了靴子。

f) to help somebody into something 或 on with something 表示帮助某人穿上某衣物。

  • to help her into her coat帮她穿上外衣
  • to help her on with her hat帮她戴上帽子。

g) to help somebody over something 表示“帮助某人克服某困难”。

  • Bed rest may help you over the flu.卧床休息可以有助于你治愈流感。

h) to help somebody + 表示位置的副词或介词短语,这个副词或介词短语可以代替一个动词,表示以此位置为方向的动作。

  • The courier helped everyone out of the coach.导游搀扶大家下了长途车。
  • Nobody can help me out of this dilemma.谁都帮不了我摆脱这个困局。
  • I helped him inside.我搀扶了他进去。
  • Help him to his feet.扶他站起来。
  • I helped him down to the end of the pier.我扶着他往下走到码头的顶端。

i) to help oneself to something 可以表示:

i1) 吃或喝东西。

  • Help yourself to the cake.请用糕饼。

i2) 自己取用(由他人递过来)。

  • —Can I borrow a pencil?—Yes, help yourself. —借铅笔一用吗?—请便。

i3) 擅自拿来,甚至偷来。

  • He's been helping himself to the contents of the till again!他又一直在偷钱柜里面的东西!

help oneself 是“自己得到好处”(着重结果)。

  • They don't help themselves by insulting their creditors.他们辱骂债主们是没有好处的。

有时也可以是“控制住自己”的意思。

  • I can't help myself sometimes.我有时候不能自制。

j) can't (couldn't) help + 疑问词或名词或动名词,表示对某问题无法控制或不能不去做某事(注意此时 help 已经完全没有“帮助”的意思)。

  • You can't help who you fall in love with.爱上谁,是自己也左右不了的。
  • —You must stop thinking like that. —But I can't help it! —你不应该再这样想了。—可是我无法不如此。
  • I can't help feeling that it was a mistake to let him go.我总是觉得,放过了他,是个错误。

又:也可以用 can't help but + 无 to 动词不定式表示“不能不”(英文当然不能照搬中文说 *cannot not)

  • I cannot help but think that is very important.我不能不认为那是十分重要的。

can't help + -ing 主要是英国用法,can't help but inf. 主要是美国用法。20 世纪 90 年代以来,后一个用法在美国更加通行,但前一个用法仍然在英国保持阵地。help 之所以有这个意义和用法,是因为它本身也可以有“避免”的意思。

  • I can't help the way I look.我就是这副样子,没办法。
  • They can't help being poor.他们穷,怪不了他们。
  • Don't cough more than you can help.你能忍住就忍住,尽量别咳嗽。
  • Can I help it if he's always late?他老是迟到,怪得了我吗?
  • Oh, well, it can't be helped.算了吧,没办法。

k) help inf. 这种用法,比不用 help 而直接用一个动词,意思可以来得更为婉转间接,表示并非一人一事之功,是人们在行文中很乐于采用的结构。

  • Discoveries by Roger D. Kornberg, 59, have helped set the stage for developing drugs to fight cancer, heart disease and other illnesses. (The Associated Press, Oct. 4, 2006)五十九岁的诺贝尔奖得主科恩贝格的多项发现,有助于打下基础来研发对付癌症、心脏病和其他疾病的药物。

l) help 还可以作为不及物动词,而且不要任何补充成分,表示“有帮助”、“有好处”、“起作用”,例如《纽约时报》2009 年 3 月 31 日一篇文章,说各大学录取新生又开始偏向于录取家境富裕、不需要助学金的学生,副标题说:

  • In the bid for a fat envelope this year, it may help, more than usual, to have a fat wallet.在争夺录取通知书的角逐中,钱包充满,可能比平时更有用处。

这时候 help 后面的 to inf. 就不是 help 的补充成分,不能误解,又例如:

  • It always helps to be prepared for class.备好课总是有好处的。(it 是形式主语,to be 是真正的主语,不是 help 的补充成分,全句不是:“这有助于备课。”)
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更新时间:2024/10/30 10:26:01