释义 |
■ hurthurt(过去时与过去分词均为 hurt)与 wound, injure 的区别,参见 injure 与 wound 条。但是, 1) 感情上施加伤害,更多用 hurt。 - Their remarks hurt me deeply.他们这些说法,我听了很难受。
注意:这是一个瞬时的动作动词(第四类动词),通常不用一般现在时,例句中的 hurt 是过去式,与现在式同形。 2) 虽然 hurt 和 wound 及 injure 都可以指肉体的受伤,但 hurt 的过去分词 hurt 不能作为前置定语,例如可以说 a wounded soldier 或 an injured passenger,但不能说 *a hurt worker。 3) hurt 不但能够作为及物的第四类动词指“伤害”的瞬时事件,而且还可以作为不及物的第一类动词(主语是身体疼痛的部位或是人本身)指“疼痛”的延续状态(不一定是因为“受伤”而疼痛),这是 wound 和 injure 所没有的意义和用法。 - My back still hurts.我的背还在痛。
- Doctors advertise and encourage the sick and hurting to come into their offices.医生们登广告鼓励有病有痛者前来他们的诊所。
要注意:这是个第一类动词,表示无限的延续状态,不用动词的进行时态。如果作为第二类动词,就用进行时态,通常表示心情上的痛苦状态。 - He was still hurting after the divorce.他离婚后仍然很痛苦。
4) 另一个 wound 与 injure 所没有的意义和用法是:hurt 作为及物的第二类动词可以表示“(轻微的)弄痛”但远不到“伤害”地步。 - "You're hurting me, Martin," she said, disengaging herself from his embrace.“马丁,你把我弄痛了,”她一边说,一边挣脱了他的拥抱。
5) hurt 还有一个 wound 与 injure 所没有的意义和用法,就是作为不及物的第一类动词,以造成肉体或精神上痛苦的事物为主语(延续状态)。 - My shoes hurt.我穿这双鞋子脚痛。
- We must face the truth even though it hurts.尽管事实令人难过,我们也必须面对。
6) hurt 作为及物或不及物的第一类动词或第四类动词,用于否定句中,本来意义是“不造成损失”、“无伤大雅”。 - It won't hurt to pay a cent or two more.多付一两分钱,无伤大雅。
在实际语言中,它的意义有时候比“无害”更进一步,表示“有点好处”(中国人骤然一看会觉得不习惯)。 - Shall we try again? It can't hurt.咱们再试一次好吗?不妨试试看。
- It won't hurt to postpone it for a while.暂时搁置一段时间也好。
- I don't think it hurts anybody to get up early.我觉得早起对谁都有好处。
- It won't hurt most politicians if they tried using their brains.大多数政治家们,如果试试动脑筋,一定有好处。
- Sympathy vote didn't hurt, either. (Dan Brown, Deception Point, p.68)同情票也起了点作用。
- The plan isn't a panacea, but it probably couldn't hurt with the city's growing graffiti problem.这个计划不是万灵膏药,但是,对于本市日益严重的乱涂乱抹问题,它也许能起点作用。
- The city's GOP leaders said the Republicans won... because they had the best candidates, although infighting in the Democratic Party certainly didn't hurt.(The Daily Gazette, Schenectady, New York, Nov. 8, 2007, A3)该市的共和党领导人们说,共和党人之所以获胜…是因为他们拥有最优秀的候选人,虽然民主党的内讧也肯定起了作用。
- It could easily be argued that Steven Chu is the most high-profile energy secretary this country has seen. The Nobel Prize in physics he won in 1997 doesn't hurt. But it's the task before him — helping carry out President Obama's ambitious energy goals — that's fueling the attention. (US News& World Report, April 2009, p.32)可以很容易论证,朱棣文是我们这个国家历来声望最高的能源部长。他 1997 年荣获的诺贝尔物理奖当然很有作用[不能译:没有害处]。但是,引人注目的,使他所承担的任务,即协助实现奥巴马总统雄心勃勃的能源目标。
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