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词组 everybody
释义

■ everybody

1) everybody 或 everyone,语法形式上是单数,但是语义上却是复数,这是它“与生俱来”的矛盾。说了 everybody 或 everyone 之后,再用一个人称代词时究竟要用 he 或 she? 或是按照 everybody 的实际复数词义(“人人”)用 they? 这个问题早已引起人们的注意。18 世纪的语法学者 Robert Lowth 和 Lindley Murray 曾主张代词用单数。但是究竟用 he 还是 she,是个难题。即使在绝对男权主义的社会,实际语言中 everybody 也不可能只是指男性。所以后来许多语法学者,尤其是作家和实际语言使用者,纷纷使用 they 来代替。

  • everybody had their due importance. (Jane Austen, Mansfield Park)…人人都有自己本身的重要性。
  • ... everybody might have been born idiots, instead of having their right senses. (George Eliot, The Lifted Veil)…人人都有可能生下来就是白痴,没有自己正常的感觉。
  • ... I want everyone here in this country and in the world to feel their personal concern in the success of the United Nations. (British Prime Minister Clement Attlee, Nov. 22, 1945)…我希望我们国家以及全世界的人们都对联合国的成功感到切身的关心。
  • Has everybody eaten as much as they want?人人都尽量吃够了吗?

不过,只有 every 指的是人(everybody, everyone, every person 等)时才有单复数的问题,如果指的是物 (everything),则总是单数,用 it 指代。

但是,everybody 或 everyone 如果作为主语,它的谓语动词仍然保持单数,尽管后面的代词用 they。

  • everybody has to take their chances in this world. (James Stephens, The Crock of Gold)…在这个世界上,人人都要碰运气。
  • Experience is the name everyone gives to their mistakes. (Oscar Wilde, Lady Windermere's Fan)所谓经验,无非是人们犯了错误,给它取个名称。
  • Everybody has a right to describe their own party machine as they chose. (Sir Winston Churchill, Encounter, April, 1954)人人都有权对自己的政党机器挑选字眼来描绘。

2) 在一个人(如教师、教练、军官)对一群人(如学生、受训者、士兵)的讲话中,常常有提问如“大家都听懂了没有?”“有谁要提问题?”之类,此时英文通常说:Everybody understand (*understands)? Anybody have (*has) questions? 其实这里的 everybody 与 anybody 前面省略了助动词 Does,后面的 understand 和 have 不是现在时,而是不定式。扩大到一般的文体,也可以用这样的结构。

  • Anybody here want (*wants) to join our team?这里有谁想参加我们球队的?

侦探调查谋杀案时问:Anybody hear (*heard) a gunshot? (=Did anybody hear...?) (有谁听到枪声吗?)

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更新时间:2025/4/13 2:20:48