■ oppose 与 be opposed tooppose 作为及物动词,意义和用法都有些特别: 1) 只有单独一个直接宾语时,这个直接宾语是被反对的对象。主语通常是人而非事物。这个“反对”可以是有意识的瞬时动作,可以包括从言词抨击到暴力反抗,也可以是延续状态,只是持有某种反对的态度。由于 oppose 必然是及物动词,所以宾语前面不能加 to (object 则后面要加 to)。 - A few lawmakers opposed the budget.有些议员对预算案表示反对(或:持反对态度)。
- The people oppose the dictator.人民反对独裁者。
- We oppose the construction of a hotel here.我们反对在这里盖一座旅馆。
- Many parents oppose bilingual education in schools.许多家长反对学校里实行双语教育。
2) “反对某人做某事”也可以只用单独一个宾语,后面加上动词现在分词 -ing。 - Egyptian nuclear experts strongly oppose Egypt signing the additional protocol.埃及核专家们强烈反对埃及签署附加议定书。
3) 如果直接宾语是多件事物,就可能不是“反对”而是“将这些多件事物互相作明显的对比”。 - oppose light and shadow in a picture在画面中作明暗对比。
4) 如果有双宾语(oppose + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语),则直接宾语就不是被反对的对象,而是被拿来作为依据而同间接宾语对立。 - oppose reason to force以理性来反对暴力
- oppose truth to falsehood以真抗伪。
也可以是同 3) 相似的“拿两件事物互作对比”(不一定自己站在哪一边)。 - The businessman opposed risks to profits, and decided to take a chance.那个商人权衡了风险与收益,决定一试。
5) 前面说过,oppose 可以是瞬时动作,也可以是延续态度。to be opposed to 则只能是延续态度。 - We are strongly opposed to the plan.我们强烈反对该计划。
但是 to be opposed to 与 oppose 不同,它的主语可以不是人而是事物(既然不是人,就谈不上有意识)。 - It is opposed to all our experience.它同我们的全部经验根本相反。
- His views are diametrically opposed to mine.他的观点同我截然相反。
6) as opposed to 表示“就当下谈论的话题注意到某事物同另一事物的不同或对立”。 - in Roman, as opposed to Greek, society...与希腊社会不同,在罗马社会…
- saving, as opposed to investments ...与投资不同,储蓄则…
as opposed to 也常常用来表示“明确的区别”,不一定是“反对”。 - What exactly is an electron volt as opposed to a volt?电子伏特究竟同伏特有何区别?
甚至可以弱化为相当于 instead of 或 rather than。 - CITGO receives crude oil from the wellhead in Venezuela to the US coast in days as opposed to weeks ... (US News & World Report, May 19, 2008, p.19, ad)雪铁戈公司只需几天,而不是几周,就收到自委内瑞拉油井口运到美国海岸的原油…
- Our resources in this country would be better spent emphasizing primary care as opposed to treatment of end-stage diseases. (US News & World Report, May 12, 2008, p.5)我们这个国家的资源,最好重点用在家常诊疗上,而不是用在治疗晚期疾病上。
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