释义 |
by : by means of — 186 前者这个介词和后者这个短语介词是同义,都作“用以”或“用作”讲;但在用法上却有区别:前者可以引导动名词短语(参见词目 187 、 188 、 189 、 190 、 191 和 192 ),而后者却不能。 比较: The boss made a fortune by exploiting the people. 这个老板是靠剥削人民发的财。 The boss made a fortune by means of exploitation. 这个老板是靠剥削发的财。 Heat losses can be reduced by ( the use of ) firebricks. 可以用耐火砖来减少炉热的损失。( by 既可引导名词) Heat losses can be reduced by lining the furnace with fire-bricks. 炉热的损失可以用耐火砖搪炉壁的办法来减少。 (又可引导动名词短语) Heat losses can be reduced by means of firebricks. 炉热的损失可以用耐火砖来减少。( by means of 只能引导名词)
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