1. vt. & vi.站立，（使）直立，站着　 (cause to) have, take or keep an upright position
2. vi.坐落，被放置　 be placed
3. vi.维持原状，保持效力　 remain unchanged; remain valid
4. vi.停着　 remain in the same place
5. vi.处于某种状态　 be in a certain condition or situation
6. vi.高度为… have a specified height
7. vt.竖放　 rest in a position, especially upright
8. vt.忍耐；忍受；经得起，受得起　 endure; bear; be patient with

　～ a chance　有机会，有可能
　～ a lot of hard wear　耐磨损
　～ a show　不大可能
　～ fire　耐火
　～ no nonsense　受不了无聊的东西
　～ one's dignity　摆架子，要人尊重
　～ one's friends　袒护朋友，帮助朋友
　～ one's ground　坚持己见
　～ sb's song　忍受某人的歌声
　～ the children　忍受这些孩子
　～ the cold　挨冻
　～ the criticism　受批评
　～ the fellow　忍受那家伙
　～ the gunfire　承受炮火
　～ the loss　承受损失
　～ the operation　承受手术
　～ the silly talk　忍受那愚蠢的谈话
　～ the smallest discomfort　忍受最轻微的不适
　～ the strain　承受紧张
　～ the teacher　忍受这位老师
　～ the test of time　经受时间的考验
　～ treat　做东，请客
　～ trial　受审讯
　～ aloof　避开
　～ apart　隔离
　～ conspicuously　突出地站着
　～ courageously　立场坚定，无所畏惧
　～ erectly　笔直地站着
　～ habitually　习惯地站着
　～ haughtily　轻蔑地站着
　～ meekly　温顺地站着
　～ obediently　服从地站着
　～ ostentatiously　炫耀地站着
　～ picturesquely　别致地站着
　～ tremulously　不稳定地站着
　～ wistfully　若有所思地站着
　～ about〔around〕　闲站
　～ aside　移到一边
　～ away　不靠着
　～ back　往后退开
　～ by　在场，在旁边
　～ down　退职
　～ off　避开，离开
　～ on　保持（船的）航向和速度
　～ out　突出，超越他人
　～ outside　站在外面
　～ over　延期，推迟
　～ to　准备行动
　～ together　并肩而立
　～ up　起立
　～ up for　拥护…
　～ up to　挺身反对…
　～ above　强于…
　～ against　靠在…上，反对…
　～ against the plan　反对该计划
　～ among　处身于…中
　～ at　站在…等待
　～ behind　站在…的后面
　～ beside the car　站在车旁
　～ between　站在…中间
　～ for　起立表示对…的尊敬，代表…
　～ for the judge　支持法官
　～ for the national song　代表国歌
　～ in　位于…
　～ in the water　立在水中
　～ on one's head　倒立
　～ on one's own feet　自立
　～ to one's principles　坚持原则
　～ to reason　有道理
　～ to the left　在左方
　～ with　和…站在一起
　～ with people　和群众相处得好

　There are no seats, we'll have to stand.　没有座位，我们只好站着。
　He was too weak to stand.　他身体太弱，站不起来。
　Will volunteers please stand?　请自愿者站起来好吗?
　The rule still stands.　本规则依然有效。
　Let the words stand.　不要改动这些字。
　The agreement must stand.　这合约必须维持现状。
　United, we stand; divided, we fall.　我们团结则存，分裂则亡。
　For my own claim, I let it stand for some time.　至于我自己的要求，一时我还不想提出来。
　We are determined to let our ground stand.　我们有决心把我们的立场坚持下去。
　The play is unfit for the stage as it stands.　剧本目前这个样子是不适合上演的。
　She stood unsuccessfully in the local elections.　她在地方选举中落选了。
　He stood looking over my shoulder.　他站起来从我的肩头望过去。
　Don't stand there arguing about it.　不要站在那儿争论此事。
　The man stood there looking at a picture.　那人站在那儿，看着一幅画。
　You stand to make a lot of money from this deal.　你做这笔交易准能赚很多钱。
　If this new law passed, we stand to lose our tax advantage.　如果这一新法律得到通过，我们就会失去在税务上的好处。
　There stands at the centre of the square the Monument to the People's Heroes.　广场中央矗立着人民英雄纪念碑。
　He stood four feet nine inches.　他身高4英尺9英寸。
　The building stands over 200 feet high.　这栋大楼高200余英尺。
　The bus stands 50 people.　这辆公共汽车能站下50个人。
　We organized ourselves into armed groups and stood guard day and night.　我们组织成武装小组，昼夜站岗。
　They often stood sentry on snowy nights.　他们常常在雪夜放哨。
　Can a nation stand alone?　一个国家能孤立独处吗?
　Hercules stood alone in strength.　赫尔克里斯力大无比。
　They stood firm in their demand for friendship with China.　他们坚决要求和中国友好。
　The emergency services stand ready to help if necessary.　紧急救援处随时可以支援。
　The same remark stands good.　这句话仍然有效。
　The enemy attacked fiercely, but our men stood firm.　敌人猛烈地进攻，但我们的战士坚守阵地。
　In spite of the unions' efforts to defeat the new wage and price controls, the government is standing firm.　尽管工会力图打破新颁布的控制工资和物价的法规，政府却一直坚持。
　He stands high in the public estimation.　他在公众中声望很高。
　He stands first on the honour list.　他在光荣榜上名列第一。
　Their plot now stood revealed.　他们的阴谋现在暴露了。
　I stand corrected.　我接受指正。
　They stand in danger of a lawsuit.　他们有被起诉的危险。
　Stand the pole there.　把柱子竖在那里吧。
　Can you stand a coin on its edge?　你能把一枚硬币立着放吗?
　He stands his ground.　他坚持己见。
　I cannot stand that man; he talks too much.　我忍受不了那个人，他话太多了。
　When he could stand it no longer, he rose abruptly to his feet.　他再也忍不住了，忽然站起身来。
　She says she will stand no nonsense.　她说她不能容忍愚蠢的行为。
　They stood the test of natural calamity.　他们经受了自然灾害的挑战。
　How can you stand that noise?　你怎么能忍受那种噪音呢?
　Well, we cannot stand to hear such fallacies any more.　可是，我们再也受不了去听这些谬论了。
　Could you stand to go there tomorrow?　你明天再去那儿一次受得了吗?
　He can't stand travelling in the rush-hour.　他受不了在交通最繁忙时出游。
　I couldn't stand going hungry any longer.　我饿得受不住了。
　She cannot stand having nothing to do.　没有事干她受不了。
　I want a walk, I can't stand sitting about.　我要散散步，坐着我真受不了。
　It will stand firing up to 1000℃.　它能经得住高达1000℃的火烧。
　He can't stand being laughed at.　他不能忍受别人的嘲笑。
　I won't stand your talking to me like that.　我不容许你那样跟我讲话。
　I can't stand his interrupting all the time.　他老是插嘴，真让我受不了。
　He stood me a drink.　他请我喝了一杯。
　I'll stand you a dinner.　我来请你们吃一顿饭。
　She was kind enough to stand us a meal.　她慷慨地请我们吃了顿饭。
　If you come, I'll stand you lunch.　你如果来，我就请你吃午饭。
　He stood lunch for the three of us.　他请我们三个人吃午饭。
　I'll stand dinner for you if I'm wrong.　我要是错了就请你吃饭。

 ♣ stand about〔around〕　(v.+adv.)
　闲站　stand idly in a particular area
　Don't stand about doing nothing.　别光站着，什么也不干。
　The unemployed men were just standing around with their hands in their pockets.　那些失业的人只是两手插在衣袋里呆站着。
 ♣ stand against　(v.+prep.)
1. （使）靠在…上，（使）靠…站着 (cause to) lean or take a position against (sth such as a wall)
　The ladder stood against the wall, making it easy for the thieves to enter the house.　那梯子就靠在墙上，使窃贼轻易地进了房子。
　Stand the ladder against the wall.　把梯子靠在墙上。
　The prisoner was stood against the wall and shot.　他们让犯人靠墙站着，枪毙了他。
2. 在…的映衬下 be seen clearly in front of (a background)
　The church tower stood against the sky like a finger pointing towards heaven.　教堂的尖塔在天空的映衬下宛如指向天空的手指。
3. 反对… oppose (sth)
　Some people stood against the project.　有些人反对这项工程。
 ♣ stand apart　(v.+adv.)
　使自己离开，把自己隔离开　keep oneself separate (from others)
　There was one boy rather noticeably standing apart from the other children.　有个男孩引人注目地独自站在一边，不接近其他孩子。
 ♣ stand aside　(v.+adv.)
　站到一边　stand out of the way
　〔说明〕 stand aside通常不用于进行体。
　Stand aside and let us past!　闪开，让我们过去！
　He just stood aside and allowed it to happen.　他冷眼旁观。
　I hope you don't expect me just to stand aside and allow this.　我希望你别指望我站在一边不管。
　He stood aside meekly when the new policy was proposed.　当有人提出新政策时，他唯唯诺诺地站在一旁。
 ♣ stand back　(v.+adv.)
　靠后站，避开　stand to the rear
　〔说明〕 stand back通常不用于进行体。
　The policeman asked the spectators to stand well back.　警察要求旁观者靠后站。
　The artist stood back from the portrait to judge the general balance of the composition.　画家往后退几步，审视画像的整个布局是否协调。
 ♣ stand behind　(v.+prep.)
　支持　support
　We've got to stand behind them in this struggle.　在这一斗争中，我们必须支持他们。
 ♣ stand by¹　(v.+adv.)
1. 站在旁边；袖手旁观 be close beside or near
　Would you just stand by and watch the big boys beating your little brother?　你愿意坐以观望大孩子们欺侮你的小弟弟吗?
　The girl could not tell her mother the secret with her younger brother standing by.　有她弟弟在旁边站着，姑娘未能把心事告诉她母亲。
　You cannot stand by and allow such a thing.　你不能袖手旁观，听任发生这样的事。
　We had to protest; we could not stand by and see such injustice done.　我们不得不抗议，我们不能眼看着不公平的事情发生而袖手旁观。
2. 准备行动，待命 be ready for action
　The soldiers have been ordered to stand by.　士兵们奉命准备行动。
　The nurses are standing by in the emergency room.　护士们守候在急诊室里。
　The director has asked his assistants to stand by.　主任已让助手们在旁听候吩咐。
　Stand by for further orders!　准备好待命！
　The troops were told to stand by for a surprise attack.　部队受命准备突然袭击。
 ♣ stand by²　(v.+prep.)
1. 支持，支援 support
　He is sure to stand by you in this matter.　这件事他一定帮助你。
　One who stands by you in times of trouble is your true friend.　困难时帮助你的人才是真正的朋友。
2. 信守诺言 keep one's promise
　〔说明〕 stand by作此解时通常不用于被动结构。
　Stand by your word.　要守信用。
　My teacher is a man who stands by his promises.　我的老师是一位信守诺言的人。
 ♣ stand down　(v.+adv.)
　〔说明〕 stand down通常不用于进行体。
1. 放弃席位 surrender one's place
　The second candidate has agreed to stand down.　第二个候选人同意退出。
　If Tony wants the job, I'll stand down.　如果托尼想要这份工作，我愿意退让，免得同他竞争。
2. 解除戒备状态，恢复正常执勤 come off〔take off〕 the alert; return to normal duties
　He ordered the men to stand down.　他命令士兵解除戒备状态。
　Fishing boats were standing down with the ebb.　渔船趁着落潮出航。
 ♣ stand for　(v.+prep.)
1. 代表，表示 represent; mean or be a symbol or abbreviation for sth
　P. O.stands for postal order. P.O.　表示邮政汇票。
　In this secret code each number stands for a letter of the alphabet.　在这组密码中，每个号码代表字母表中的一个字母。
　This symbol stands for strength and integrity.　这个符号象征着力量和完美。
　Dictatorship stands for the denial of individual freedom.　独裁意味着否定个人自由。
2. 为…而奋斗；拥护 rise one's feet as a mark of respect for sb/sth
　〔说明〕 stand for作此解时通常不用于进行体。
　We stand for self-reliance.　我们主张自力更生。
　We stand firmly for peace and against war.　我们坚决拥护和平，反对战争。
　John always stands for what is right.　约翰一贯支持正确的事情。
3. 提自己做候选人 offer oneself as a candidate
　They are standing for re-election.　他们在参加改选竞选。
　Three women with the same name are standing for this seat.　三位同名的女士竞选这个席位。
　Do you intend to stand for this town in the next election? 　你有意在下次选举时当本城的候选人吗?
　He is to stand for York at the next election.　他要参加下届约克选区的竞选。
　Mr. Francis is standing as the official nominee for the post of District Secretary.　弗朗西斯先生是行政书记职位的正式提名人。
4. 〈口〉容忍，容许 tolerate or accept sth
　〔说明〕 stand for作此解时通常不用于进行体。
　She stood for a lot of abuse from those children.　她忍受了那些孩子的许多辱骂。
　He did not stand for the disobedience in his class.　他忍受不了他班里学生的无礼。
　The school principal couldn't stand for the boy's nonsense.　校长受不了那男生的胡言乱语。
　I will not stand for behaviour of that kind in my house.　在我的家里我不会容忍那种行为。
 ♣ stand in　(v.+adv.)
　代替　take the place of sb
　She is standing in tonight.　她今晚值替班。
　They are standing in while the others are unable to take part.　当别人不能参加时，他们就去代替。
 ♣ stand in for　(v.+adv.+prep.)
　代替　replace, substitute oneself for
　〔说明〕 stand in for通常不用于被动结构。
　He said he would stand in for me any time.　他说他随时都能替我。
　Will you stand in for me at today's meeting?　今天的会议你代替我出席好吗?
 ♣ stand in with　(v.+adv.+prep.)
　〈非正〉合谋，联合　 be in conspiracy with sb; be associated with sb
　〔说明〕 stand in with通常不用于被动结构。
　He stands in with those people.　他跟那些人勾结。
　Nobody would like to stand in with enemy.　没有人愿意和敌人勾结。
　Let me stand in with you if it is expensive.　如果贵的话，我来同你分担。
　The little girl stands in with the teacher.　这个小姑娘为老师所喜欢。
 ♣ stand off　(v.+adv.)
　疏远，保持一定距离　keep or stay at a distance
　〔说明〕 stand off通常不用于被动结构。
　The ships stood off and waited for orders.　船只驶离岸边待命。
　The two fleets were standing off from each other.　这两个舰队互相保持一定距离。
 ♣ stand out　(v.+adv.)
　〔说明〕 stand out通常不用于进行体。
1. 凸出；显眼，引人注目 project; protrude; be prominent; be conspicuous by contrast
　The stonework stands out from the rest of the wall.　墙上的石工部分突出。
　He is a tall, distinguished-looking man who stands out in any crowd.　他高高的身材，堂堂的仪表，在任何场合都显得格外突出。
　The bold print stands out very well.　黑体字非常醒目。
　Her bright red hair made her stand out from the others.　她那亮红色的秀发使她格外显眼。
2. 超群，优秀 be much better or the best
　He stands out in everything he does.　无论干什么事，他都干得很出色。
　Her talents stand out in comparison with the others.　她的天分比其他人都高。
3. 向前跨步 step forward
　Stand out!　出列！
　He ordered the soldier to stand out.　他命令那个士兵出列。
4. 坚持 hold out; continue resisting
　The garrison will stand out for some time.　守卫部队能坚持一段时间。
　He says he will stand out against this oppression.　他说他要坚持反抗这种压迫。
　The workers are standing out for higher wages and better conditions.　工人们正在坚持争取提高工资和改善生活条件。
 ♣ stand over¹　(v.+adv.)
　延缓　delay
　There's no urgency about the matter; it can stand over till next week.　这事并不急，可以延缓到下周处理。
　The project is to stand over till next year.　这个项目要延缓到明年。
 ♣ stand over²　(v.+prep.)
　监督　supervise
　I hate having someone standing over me all the time.　我讨厌别人总监督我。
　He works better when someone is standing over him.　当有人监督他时，他就工作得好些。
　Unless I stand over him he makes all sorts of mistakes.　如果我不监督他，他就什么错误都会犯。
 ♣ stand to¹　(v.+adv.)
　准备行动　prepare for action
　Stand to!　准备行动！
　He told his men to stand to.　他告诉他的部下准备行动。
 ♣ stand to²　(v.+prep.)
　不放弃…，坚持…　keep firmly to what one believes or is arguing, as in an argument
　He stands to his opinion.　他坚持自己的意见。
　He always stands to his promise.　他总是遵守他的诺言。
　Every one of us should stand to his duty.　我们每一个人都应当坚守本职。
 ♣ stand up　(v.+adv.)
　〔说明〕 stand up通常不用于进行体。
1. 竖立 place in a standing position
　Stand it up over here.　把它竖在这里。
　He stood the statue up in a corner.　他把塑像竖在屋角。
2. 起立，站起 rise; take an upright or standing position after being seated
　He told the men to stand up straight.　他告诉人们站直。
　Please stand up when we call your name.　我们叫到你的名字时请起立。
3. 经久耐用；站得住脚 withstand use or wear
　My first bike stood up for more than ten years.　我的第一辆自行车足足用了十多年。
　How many years will this type of material stand up?　这种材料可以使用多少年?
　Do you think your car will stand up well under such snowy conditions?　你认为你的车在积雪的条件下还能耐用吗?
　Of all the theories discussed, only one really stood up.　在讨论过的这些理论中，只有一种是真正站得住脚的。
4. 〈非正〉失约 fail to appear
　I didn't know whether he had forgotten about the appointment or whether he was standing me up.　我搞不清楚是他忘了约会，还是他故意爽约。
　Don't stand me up again!　别再跟我失约了！
　After waiting for two hours, he began to realize that she had stood him up.　等了两个小时以后，他才意识到她爽约了。
　She often stands her boyfriend up.　她常失约于男朋友。
 ♣ stand up for　(v.+adv.+prep.)
1. 支持 defend; take the side of sb
　The teacher blamed him, but his classmates stood up for him.　老师责备他，但同学们支持他。
　All through the faculty meeting Frank stood up for his friend who was being criticized so severely.　在全系大会上，法兰克始终维护受到严厉批判的朋友。
　He stands up for women's rights.　他拥护女权。
　If you don't stand up for your rights, no one else will do it for you.　如果自己不维护自己的权利，别人是不会替你维护的。
2. 坚持 insist on
　He always stands up for the things in which he believes.　他认为是对的东西他就坚持。
　Always stand up for your principles.　要一贯坚持你的原则。
 ♣ stand up to　(v.+adv.+prep.)
　对抗，勇敢地面对　meet or face boldly
　Stand up to them!　跟他们干！
　Don't let people pick on you; just stand up to them.　不要让人欺负你，而要顶住他们。
　We should stand up to the strong enemy.　我们应该勇敢地面对强敌。
　Why don't you stand up to your boss when you know you're right?　你明知自己对，为什么不同你的老板力争?
　Don't be afraid of difficulties; stand up to them with confidence and you'll succeed.　不要害怕困难，要有信心，克服困难，你就会成功。
 ♣ stand with　(v.+prep.)
　同…相处，和…站在一起　have a specified relationship with sb/sth; agree with sb/sth
　Do you stand well with your boss?　你同上司相处得好吗?
　I don't know how I stand with her.　我不知道她对我有什么看法。
　We will stand together with all the countries and people that love peace and uphold justice.　我们一定要同爱好和平坚持正义的国家和人民站在一起。

 ♣ stand reading, read standing
　这两者都是带有伴随状语的动词短语，均意为“站着读”，但前者含义是“不是站着干别的事”，后者含义是“不是坐着或躺着读”。试比较：
　
 ♣ stand, bear, endure, put up with, suffer, tolerate
　参见bear条。
 ♣ stand, stick
　参见stick条。
 ♣ stand, be situated, lie, nestle
　参见lie条。

1. 他无法忍受别人如此对待他。
　［误］ He can't stand treating like that.
　［正］ He can't stand being treated like that.
　［析］ stand表示“忍受”时，是及物动词，可接名词或动名词作宾语。动名词表达的动作有被动意义时，须用动名词的被动形式。
2. 我妻子的身体经受不起这种又冷又潮的气候。
　［误］ My wife's health will not stand up for this cold damp climate.
　［正］ My wife's health will not stand up to this cold damp climate.
　［析］ stand up to是固定短语，表示“经得起”“经受住”; stand up for则表示“维护”“支持”。
3. 他忍受不了英国的鬼天气。
　［误］ He doesn't stand that horrible English climate.
　［正］ He can't stand that horrible English climate.
　［析］ 一般用can't〔couldn't〕 stand表示“不能忍受…”，不用don't〔doesn't〕 stand.
4. 不要怕，不管发生什么事，我都会支持你的。
　［误］ No matter what happens I'll stand you by, so don't be afraid.
　［正］ No matter what happens I'll stand by you, so don't be afraid.
　［析］ stand by是习惯用法，表示“支持…”。这里的by是介词，不是副词，宾语须置于介词by之后。
5. 新来的人提出请我们喝酒。
　［误］ The newcomer offered to stand us to a drink.
　［正］ The newcomer offered to stand us a drink.
　［正］ The newcomer offered to treat us to a drink.
　［析］ 表示“请客（喝酒、吃饭）”可以说 stand sb a drink〔a dinner〕，也可以说treat sb to a drink〔a dinner〕，不可说stand sb to a drink〔a dinner〕。
6. 站稳点，不要让他们把你推来推去。
　［误］ Stand firmly; don't let them push you around.
　［正］ Stand firm; don't let them push you around.
　［析］ stand firm是固定说法，作“站稳”“坚定不屈”解。不可说stand firmly.
7. 他不可能考试及格。
　［误］ He doesn't stand a chance to passing the examination.
　［正］ He doesn't stand a chance of passing the examination.
　［析］ stand a chance是固定短语，表示“有机会”“有可能”，后面常接"of v-ing”结构，表示“（大）有…的希望”或“很有…的可能”。
8. 白底衬着红色特别醒目。
　［误］ Red stands out in a white background.
　［正］ Red stands out against a white background.
　汤姆在人群中显得非常高。
　［误］ Tom was very tall and stood up in the crowd.
　［正］ Tom was very tall and stood out in the crowd.
　［析］ 表示“（在…衬托下）显得突出或轮廓鲜明”时，须用stand out against...结构；表示“（在人群里）显得突出或引人注目”时，则用stand out in...的结构。
9. 他明白当时情况的严重性。
　［误］ He could see what matters stood.
　［正］ He could see how matters stood.
　［析］ stand表示“某事处于某种状况”，是不及物动词。how是关系副词，在句中作stood的状语，不可说what matters stood.
10. 老师要这个男孩立正站好。
　［误］ The teacher asked the boy to stand at his attention.
　［正］ The teacher asked the boy to stand at attention.
　［析］ 表示“立正”可说stand at attention，不可说stand at one's attention.
11. 他家在山冈上。
　［误］ His house stands up on a hill.
　［正］ His house stands on a hill.
　［析］ 这里stand意为“站在，存在于…”，不需用up; stand up的意思是“站起来”，强调动作。

1. 有人认为当stand后接双宾语时，其间接宾语可以转化成介词for的宾语，也有人认为这种用法不太恰当。
2. stand用于表示物体或人的位置时，用一般现在时表示永久位置，而用进行时表示短暂姿势。例如：
　

1. S 立脚点，站立　 position, taken up; act or instance of standing
2. C 台，座　 small piece of furniture
3. C 售货处，摊　 structure from which goods are sold; area or structure where things are displayed, exhibited, advertised, etc.
4. P 看台，观众席　 large, usually sloping, structure at a sports ground, racecourse, etc., with rows of seats for spectators
5. S 主张，立场　 a fixed public decision or opinion
6. S 中止，停顿　 halt or standstill
7. C 抵抗，抵御　 resistance to attack

　advocate some ～　赞成某种立场
　appreciate ～　欣赏…立场
　criticize ～　批判…立场
　hold ～　持…立场
　illustrate one's ～　说明立场
　keep a ～　坚持立场
　make a ～　站住，停下，进行抵抗，坚持立场
　maintain ～　保持立场
　pass the ～　经过站台
　plan ～　计划停顿
　put a ～　使停顿
　reiterate ～　重申立场
　take a ～　表明立场
　take one's ～　立定脚跟
　take the ～　上证人席作证
　take the same ～　采取同样的立场
　take up one's ～　站在（某处）
　agree with sb's ～　同意某人的观点
　come to a ～　停住，停止
　depend on ～　取决于…的地位
　drive from ～　驶离车站
　prepare for ～　准备停住
　brutal ～　野蛮的态度
　cruel ～　残酷的态度
　decisive ～　决定性的态度
　definite ～　明确的立场
　desperate ～　绝望的立场
　drowsy ～　沉寂的村庄
　final ～　作最后的抵抗
　firm ～　坚定的立场
　good ～　好地点
　last ～　最后的抵抗
　launching ～　发射台
　lofty ～　高尚的立场
　open ～s　露天看台
　political ～　政治立场
　proper ～　适当的地点
　reviewing ～　检阅台
　similar ～　类似的立场
　strong ～　坚定的立场
　stubborn ～　顽固的立场
　uncompromising ～　不妥协的立场
　unequivocal ～　毫不含糊的立场
　advertisement ～　广告架
　band ～　音乐台，乐池
　book ～　书摊
　coat ～　衣帽架
　fruit ～　水果摊
　hat ～　立式衣帽架
　hot-dog ～　热狗摊
　ice-cream ～　冰淇淋摊
　information ～　问讯台
　music ～　乐谱架
　newspaper ～　报摊
　umbrella ～　伞架
　vegetable ～　蔬菜摊
　watermelon ～　西瓜摊
　witness ～　证人席
　at a ～　停住，停顿
　from the ～s　从看台上
　in sb's ～　某人的立场
　in the ～s　在看台上
　～ against gambling　反对赌博
　～ for justice　维护正义
　～ of arms　全副武装
　～ of colours　军旗，团旗
　～ on facts　依据事实
　～ on political issues　关于政治问题的立场
　～ towards the matter　对这个问题的立场

　He took his stand near the window.　他站在窗口附近。
　The guard took up his stand at the gate.　卫兵到大门口站岗。
　The traffic policeman took his stand at the crossroads.　交通警察在十字路口站岗。
　His feet ached from the two-hour stand.　他站了两个小时，双脚都站痛了。
　He made a sudden stand.　他突然站住了。
　The business is at a stand.　生意萧条。
　In February 1916 the French Army made a stand at Verdun. 　1916年2月法国军队在凡尔登进行了抵抗。
　What is the president's stand on disarmament?　总统对裁军抱什么态度?
　His stand toward the matter has not changed.　他对这个问题的立场没有改变。
　We will never change this firm stand of ours.　我们永远也不会改变我们这一坚定立场。
　Put your hat on the hat stand.　把帽子放在衣帽架上。
　Is there any way to utilize this old bus as a hot-dog stand?　能不能把这辆旧公共汽车改装成一个卖热狗的摊点?
　The mayor sat on the reviewing stand at the parade.　队伍游行时，市长坐在检阅台上。
　The crowd in the stands cheered the winning team.　看台上的人群向获胜队发出欢呼声。
　He sent the ball into the stands.　他把球踢到看台上去了。
　We watched the baseball game from the stands.　我们从看台上观看棒球赛。
　The witness duly arrived and was put on the stand.　证人按时到庭，被传到证人席上。
　Will the next witness please take the stand?　请下一位证人上证人席作证。

 ♣ make a stand against
　对抗…，反对…　defy; resist
　They made a stand against their enemy.　他们坚决抵抗敌人。
　The local people made a determined stand against the closure of the school.　当地群众坚决抵制关闭那所学校。
　They are making a determined stand against the introduction of the new law.　他们正在坚决抵制该项新法令的实施。
　We must make a firm stand against the lowering of educational standards.　我们必须坚决反对降低教育标准。
　The army made a valiant stand against the enemy's fierce attack.　部队英勇抵抗敌人的猛烈进攻。
 ♣ make a stand for
　捍卫…，替…辩护　defend
　I shall make a stand for what I think is right.　我将坚决维护我认为是正确的东西。
　They will make a stand for their principles.　他们决心为捍卫自己的原则而斗争。
 ♣ put〔bring〕 to a stand
　使中止〔停止〕，使困惑〔迟疑〕 cause to pause〔stop〕　; cause to be puzzled
　There's one point, however, that put me to a stand.　不过，有一个问题使我感到迷惑。
　The war brought all foreign trade to a stand.　这场战争使一切对外贸易都停止了。
 ♣ take a stand on
　表明态度　positively state one's point of view
　We must take a stand on political issues.　在政治问题上，我们必须立场鲜明。
　Nuclear disarmament is an issue I'm willing to take a stand on.　核裁军这个问题，我很愿意表示支持。
　They took a resolute stand on the issue of tax reform.　他们在税务改革问题上态度坚决。

 ♣ stand, attitude, policy, position, posture
　这五个词的共同意思是“立场”“态度”。其区别在于：stand用于表明某人的观点、立场时常用个人感情色彩，虽然它并不排除这种感情是建立在理智或理性基础之上的；attitude表示个人或团体的感情色彩，而这种感情往往是不明说的或不明确的；policy指某人估计其要求、利益、目标或原则之后而制定的一种明确的信念结构形式，也可指行为的一般准则；position则指较冷静和克制的态度，经常用于指人在经过长时间的深思熟虑之后作出的决定；posture指确切的军事部署。例如：
　In the temperance question, Mr. Dent takes his stand on total abstinence.　在戒酒问题上，登特先生是采取滴酒不沾的立场的。
　His attitude towards her amounted to loathing.　他对她的态度简直就是厌恶。
　My position on civil liberties is well known.　我对人权自由的立场是众所周知的。
　It's a bad policy to lend money to unemployed friends.　把钱借给失业的朋友是不太聪明的做法。
　The government adopted an uncompromising posture on the issue of independence.　政府在独立这一问题上采取了毫不妥协的态度。

　［同义词］ v. abide, allow, bear, belong, continue, cost, endure, exist, place, position, remain, stay, stop, suffer, support, take, tolerate n. attitude, base, determination, erection, frame, loss, place, rest, stage, standpoint, standstill, stop, support
　［反义词］ v. advance n. progress
　［词源］　古英语standan<古高地德语stantan<拉丁语stare<希腊语histanai（使站立）