1. vt. & vi.（使）工作　 (cause to) do an activity which uses effort, especially as employment
2. vt. & vi.（使）运作，运转　 (cause to) act in a proper way
3. vt. & vi.（使）产生效果　 (cause to) produce (an effect)

　～ a coal mine　开采煤矿
　～ a farm　经营一家农场
　～ an abacus　打算盘
　～ machine　操作机器
　～ many changes　发生许多的变化
　～ wonders　产生奇效
　～ hard　努力工作
　～ arduously　费力地工作
　～ assiduously　专心致志地工作
　～ beautifully　漂亮地工作
　～ chiefly　主要地工作
　～ closely　密切合作
　～ confidently　自信地工作
　～ conscientiously　认真地工作
　～ diligently　勤勉工作
　～ faithfully　忠心地工作
　～ frantically　紧张地工作
　～ freely　自由地工作
　～ handily　方便地工作
　～ heartily　全身心地工作
　～ joylessly　不高兴地工作
　～ laboriously　辛勤地工作
　～ nervously　紧张地工作
　～ nimbly　灵活地工作
　～ punctually　准时地工作
　～ quickly　迅速地工作
　～ specially　特殊地工作
　～ steadily　沉着地工作
　～ strenuously　艰苦地工作
　～ successfully　成功地工作
　～ tirelessly　不知疲倦地工作
　～ zealously　积极地工作
　～ on　不停地工作
　～ on till late at night　一直工作到深夜
　～ out a compromise　达成妥协
　～ out a mine　开发矿山
　～ out a plan　制订计划
　～ up　（使）逐步上升
　～ against　为反对…而活动
　～ against the clock　争分夺秒地工作
　～ at　在…方面努力
　～ at social reform　从事社会改革
　～ by night　夜间工作
　～ for　在…工作，为…而工作
　～ for a firm　在一家公司工作
　～ for a living　为生活而工作
　～ for peace　为和平而奋斗
　～ in the interests of humanity　为人类利益而工作
　～ into　激起
　～ through　（使）逐渐通过，穿过，完成，解决
　～ one's way through a crowd　在人群中挤出来
　～ one's way through college　靠打工读完大学
　～ through difficult material　慢慢读完难懂的东西
　～ towards　向（某目标）工作
　～ towards peace　为和平而努力
　～ with　跟…合作，以…做（活儿）
　～ with hand　用手操作
　～ with head　进行脑力劳动
　～ with young people　和年轻人一起工作

　The children have all been working very well.　孩子们都干得不错。
　That morning we worked from seven to eleven in the fields hoeing corn.　那天早上，我们在玉米地锄草，从7点干到11点。
　Does this clock work?　这钟走吗?
　All the telephones don't work properly today.　今天所有电话机都出故障了。
　I think your suggestion will work.　我看你的建议行得通。
　If the scheme works, most of the peasants in this area will be rich.　如果计划成功，这地区的大部分农民将富起来。
　She worked in the restaurant waiting on table.　她在这家饭店工作，当女招待。
　He was working hard surrounded by the crowd.　他在使劲干，一群人在旁边看。
　The board had been working loose for several months, and in the end it slid to one side, showing a hole underneath.　这块木板已经松动了有好几个月了，最后斜到一边，下边露出了一个洞。
　He works his servants long hours.　他使他的仆人们做长时间的工作。
　Our mathematics teacher works us very hard.　我们的数学老师对我们的学习抓得很紧。
　He didn't know how to work that toy.　他不知道怎样玩那个玩具。
　For many years he worked a large farm.　他经营一大型农场多年。
　You have certainly worked wonders.　你肯定已创造了奇迹。
　Owing to the precautionary measures we had taken, the typhoon did not work much damage.　由于我们所采取了预防措施，台风并未造成很大的损失。
　The sluices are worked from the control board.　闸门是由控制台操纵的。
　The silver mines are no longer worked.　那银矿已不再开采了。
　If you can work the nail loose, I could pull it out.　你要是能把钉子松动，我便可以把它拔出来。
　The farmer worked his horse exhausted.　农夫把他的马累垮了。
　Don't work yourself too tired.　不要使自己工作得太累。

 ♣ work among　(v.+prep.)
　在…之中工作　have a job in a group
　For the first year of his training, he had to work among the poor in his hometown.　在他接受训练的第一年，他必须在家乡的贫民当中做福利救济工作。
 ♣ work around〔round〕 to　(v.+adv.+prep.)
1. 对付，处理 come gradually and indirectly to face or tackle
　Don't worry about the matter. I'll work around to it next week.　这件事你不用担心，下星期我慢慢地来解决它。
　By the time he works around to putting forward the suggestion, it will be too late.　等他拐弯抹角地提出建议，那就太晚了。
　Don't hurry me, I shall work around to finishing the letters all in good time.　不要催促我，我会按时把信都写好的。
2. 逐步移到 move by degrees to
　The wind has worked around to the east.　风向已逐渐转东。
3. 改变观点 change one's standpoint
　I think the chairman is working around to our point of view after all.　我认为主席最后会同意我们的观点。
 ♣ work as　(v.+prep.)
　任…工作，当…　perform the duties of
　It must be a hard life, working as a nurse in the Far North.　在遥远的北部当一名护士，生活必定是艰苦的。
　Before making a success of his writing, he worked as a taxi driver, a newspaper seller, a miner, and a railway man.　他在写作取得成就之前，曾当过出租汽车司机、卖报人、矿工和铁路工人。
 ♣ work at　(v.+prep.)
1. 在…工作 work at one place
　How long have you been working at the bank?　你在银行里工作多久了?
2. 从事于，致力于 be engaged or employed in
　You will have to work at the weak points in your English if you want to pass the examination.　假如你想通过考试，就必须把精力放在你英语学习的薄弱环节上。
　Is Tom still working at the new book that he promised?　汤姆仍在埋头撰写他曾允诺的那本新书吗?
 ♣ work away　(v.+adv.)
　继续工作　work continuously
　The professor was found working away till the small hours of the morning.　人们发现那位教授孜孜不倦地一直工作到深夜。
　I found him working away in his office.　我发现他一直在办公室里不停地工作。
　Even on Sundays the workshops would have many of the young workers coming in and working away mastering their machines.　即使在星期天，车间里也总是有不少青年工人来继续工作，学习操作机器。
 ♣ work by　(v.+prep.)
　以…为动力运转　go by; run by; use sth as its power for working
　The child thought the toy car worked by magic, but in fact it worked by electricity.　这孩子认为玩具汽车是靠魔力行驶的，可事实上是靠电力。
 ♣ work down　(v.+adv.)
　逐步地减少；逐渐降低　reduce gradually
　The metal has become working down over the years.　在这几年中，这种金属越来越稀少了。
　If you can get onto the branch below you, you could work down from there.　假如你能踩到下面的那根树枝，就可以从那儿慢慢下去了。
 ♣ work for　(v.+prep.)
1. 受雇于 be employed by
　How long have you been working for this firm?　你为该公司效力多久了?
2. 为…而工作 do a job so as to gain sth
　The politician declares his willingness to work for the good of the people.　那位政治家宣称他愿为公众的利益而尽力。
 ♣ work in　(v.+adv.)
1. 插进 insert
　He worked in the key and opened the door of the office.　他插进钥匙把办公室的门打开了。
　The wire was slowly worked in.　铁丝慢慢地穿了进去。
2. 引进 include (sth), as in writing or speaking, by a clever arrangement of words
　While telling the story he worked in a few jokes to make his listeners laugh.　在讲那个故事的时候，他穿插了几个笑话引听众们发笑。
3. 掺和 mix
　The worker worked in a little copper with the alloy.　工人在合金里搀了一点铜。
 ♣ work in with　(v.+adv.+prep.)
　与…合拍；与…协调　cooperate with
　But will he be able to work in with our existing team?　可他能够跟我们现有的球队协作吗?
　I'll try to make my timetable work in with yours.　我将尽量使我的时间表同你的时间表相一致。
 ♣ work into　(v.+prep.)
　（使）进入，穿入，嵌入　(cause to) get into; insert
　The mark will have worked right into the wood, we shall never get it out.　这个标记将完全嵌入木头，我们再也取不出它了。
　Have you ever seen him work himself into a temper?　你曾见过他发脾气吗?
　The speaker worked the crowd into a fever of excitement.　那位演讲者使听众达到了狂热的程度。
　I shall need someone to help me work this board into place, it's a tight fit.　我得找人帮我把这块木板嵌进去，太紧了。
 ♣ work it　
　〈非正〉干成，办到　 succeed in sth/doing sth
　Leave it to me, I'll see if I can work it.　把那件事交给我吧，我看看能不能办成。
　I think I can work it so that you won't have to leave.　我认为我能够办这件事，你就不必非离开不可了。
 ♣ work off　(v.+adv.)
1. 分离，分开 (cause to) become detached or separated
　The nut has worked off.　螺帽已经脱落了。
　I can't work off the lid of this bottle, can you help me?　我不能把这个盖子拧下来，你能帮帮我吗?
2. 渐渐消除；逐渐减弱 gradually diminish to the point of disappearing altogether
　Paying close attention to her diet, she felt the pain in her stomach gradually work off.　她很注意饮食，因而感到自己的胃疼毛病慢慢好了。
3. 发泄 give vent to (anger, etc.) in order to relieve oneself of it
　If anything upset him he worked his annoyance off on the rest of the family.　如果什么事惹烦了他，他就找家里人出气。
　On that occasion there was no one on whom his temper could be worked off.　在那种场合，没有一个人是他的出气筒。
4. 抵消，以干活抵偿 pay (a debt, etc.) by work rather than with money to discharge
　Fifty pounds of the loan is still outstanding, but I shall have worked that off by the end of the year. 　50英镑的债务还没有解决，但到年底我将做工偿清。
5. 除去；处理掉 get rid of or dispose of
　He tried to work off his surplus fat by doing exercises everyday.　他每天运动，想以此去掉一些多余的脂肪。
　You should find time to work off your arrears of correspondence.　你应该找时间把拖欠下来的信件回复掉。
　Beer works off impurities in fermenting.　啤酒在发酵过程中排除掉杂质。
6. 售出；卖掉 be sold
　About 100,000 copies of the book have been worked off.　这书已经售出近十万册。
7. 结束，完成 finish up
　The contract is worked off.　合同已经履行完毕。
8. 使假冒，使人对…得到错误印象 pass off
　He tried to work off the poem as his own.　他想冒称这首诗是他写的。
　They can't work off that tale on us.　他们那套鬼话骗不了我们。
 ♣ work on¹　(v.+adv.)
1. 继续工作 continue working
　They'll work on till sunset.　他们将继续工作，直到日落。
2. 轻轻地安装好 fix on by gentle steady action
　He managed to work the screw on.　他设法把螺丝装好了。
 ♣ work on²〔upon〕　(v.+prep.)
1. 影响；激起 affect; excite
　The medicine the doctor prescribed worked upon his illness.　医生开的那种药对他的病有疗效。
2. 致力于 be engaged in
　He has been working on a new novel for over a year now.　近一年多来，他一直在写一部新小说。
　If you work on your pronunciation, it's sure to improve.　如果你在发音上花点功夫，你的发音肯定会有改进。
3. 努力影响，努力说服 strive to influence or persuade
　We will work on those who have erred and help them do right.　我们将对犯了错误的人做工作，并帮助他们改正。
　She'll work on him to make him change his mind.　她将努力说服他改变主意。
　The candidate tried hard to work upon the voters to support him.　那位候选人千方百计寻求选民的支持。
 ♣ work oneself into
　使自己惯于某项工作　get used to a job
　Don't worry, you'll do quite well once you've worked yourself into your work.　别急，一旦你习惯了这项工作，就会干得很出色。
 ♣ work out　(v.+adv.)
1. 解决，解答；计算出 be capable of being solved; give a result by calculation
　This problem will not work out.　这个问题解决不了。
　I haven't worked out these algebra problems.　我还没有解出这些代数题。
　Can you work this puzzle out?　你能解这个谜吗?
　The area can easily be worked out if you know the length and the breadth.　如果你知道长度与宽度，面积很容易计算出来。
　Can you work out on the map where we are now?　你能在地图上找到我们现在所在的位置吗?
　I can't work out how to do it.　我不能解答怎么做它。
　The total works out at fifty-five yuan.　总数算下来是55元。
2. 产生结果；发展 turn out in the end; develop
　I am glad that things are working out so well for them.　形势发展得对他们如此有利，我感到高兴。
　He hopes this plan will work out.　他希望这项计划将是切实可行的。
　At that time, complete emancipation of women had not worked out in actual practice.　那时候，妇女的彻底解放在实践上还做不到。
3. 锻炼 do exercise
　These athletes work out at the gym for two hours every day.　这些运动员每天都要在体育馆锻炼两个小时。
4. 作出；制订出 devise; plan out; arrange
　It wasn't too long before we had worked out a plan acceptable to all.　没多久我们就制订出一个大家都能接受的计划。
　We have worked out a scheme which should save the company several thousand pounds a year.　我们设计出一个一年可为公司节省几千英镑的计划。
　The plan has already been worked out, and could be put into operation at a moment's notice.　计划已经设计出来并可以立即付诸实施。
5. 使筋疲力尽；耗尽 exhaust
　He never seems to be worked out.　他好像永远不会疲乏似的。
6. 了解 understand the nature of sb
　I can't work him out, he's very strange.　他这个人很怪，我摸不透他。
　You are funny, I shall never work you out.　你这人真滑稽，我实在弄不懂你。
7. 在外当雇工 work outside the home as hired to help
　Jimmy worked out when he was only ten.　吉米在十岁时就离家去当雇工了。
8. 脱出 make its way out
　The splinter eventually worked out of her arm.　刺入她手臂的刺终于取了出来。
　The screw has worked out of the joint.　螺丝从接合处脱出来了。
 ♣ work over　(v.+adv.)
1. 检查；充分研究 study or examine thoroughly
　He spent several evenings working over all the reference books available.　他花了几个晚上的时间研究了所有能得到的参考书。
2. 重做 rework
　They worked over the old furniture.　他们翻修了旧家具。
3. 殴打 beat unsparingly
　The Nazis worked them over with gun butts.　纳粹分子用枪托毒打他们。
4. 使遭受彻底〔系统〕的轰炸 subject to thorough or systematic artillery fire, bombing or strafing
　Our bombers worked over the enemy advance positions.　我们的轰炸机彻底轰炸了敌人的前沿阵地。
5. 彻底改变 alter radically or systematically
　The frontier has worked him over inside.　边疆生活已使他的思想起了很大变化。
 ♣ work through　(v.+prep.)
1. （使）逐渐通过，穿过 (cause to) pass through gradually
　The rain is working through the roof.　屋顶在漏雨。
　It was difficult to work the needle through the stiff cloth.　把针穿过这种硬布料是不容易的。
2. 完成；解决 overcome; solve
　I'm still working through this pile of papers.　我仍在处理这堆文件。
　We must work through the difficulties until we find an answer.　我们必须克服这些困难直到找到答案。
3. 闯过；通过；冲过 advance through sth
　It takes years to work your way through the examination system until you gain a degree.　在获得学位之前，你需要花几年功夫通过各项考试。
　She paid for her own education by working her way through college.　她是靠自己工作挣钱念完大学的。
 ♣ work to　(v.+prep.)
1. 根据…行事 be guided by when doing sth
　See that you are careful with money and work to a budget.　注意不要乱花钱，用钱要有个预算。
　Some writers are at their best when working to a plan.　一些作家按计划写作时能发挥其最高水平。
2. 伴随着…工作 work while usually hearing sth
　Do you like working to music?　你喜欢一边工作一边听音乐吗?
3. 强迫…劳累过度 force sb or an animal to work too hard and become very tired
　The company expects hard work, but refuses to work its employees to death.　那个公司期望雇员努力工作，但不愿使他们劳累过度。
 ♣ work together　(v.+adv.)
　和…在同一处工作　work with sb at the same place
　Some people think that husband and wife should never work together.　有人认为夫妻二人绝不应该在同一处工作。
 ♣ work towards　(v.+prep.)
　达到或获得　strive to reach or achieve
　Representatives of many nations at the peace talks are working towards agreement.　参加和平会谈的许多国家的代表正在为达成协议而工作。
　They are working towards having all countries sign a peace agreement.　他们正为使所有国家签署一项和平协议而工作。
 ♣ work under　(v.+prep.)
1. 在（某物）之下进行工作 have one's job beneath sth
　The worst of being a miner is working under the ground, and neither seeing the sun nor feeling fresh air.　当一名矿工最不利之点就是在地下干活，既看不见阳光又呼吸不到新鲜空气。
2. 在（某人的）领导下工作 have sb as one's director in one's job
　Many men still don't like working under a woman, and would rather have a male director.　许多男人仍不愿在女人手下工作，而愿意让男性当自己的上司。
 ♣ work up　(v.+adv.)
1. 发展 develop
　It took the company quite some years to work up a market for its products.　该公司苦心经营了多年才为自己的产品开辟了市场。
　The practice is not a very lucrative one at the moment, but if it is worked up it should prove quite profitable.　这项业务眼下还不大能赚钱，但如果努力经营，会证明是大可获利的。
2. 引起，激起 cause; stir up
　She works herself up about the most trivial things.　她为了最琐碎的事也会使自己激动起来。
　Her brother is a good basketball player, but she can't work up any enthusiasm for the game.　她的兄弟是一位优秀的篮球运动员，而她却对打篮球怎么也引不起兴趣。
　Once the public's interest is worked up we can go ahead with our propaganda campaign.　一旦引起了公众的兴趣，我们就可把宣传活动进行下去。
3. 博得 gain
　The presidential candidate was trying to work up more support before the election.　这位总统候选人正试图赶在选举前赢得更多的支持。
4. 综合加工；精心作出 prepare; elaborate; develop
　The craftsman is working up the mass of clay into a toy figure.　艺人把一团泥捏成玩具形状。
　He is working up a sketch into a picture.　他正在把一幅速写加工成一幅画。
　She spent the summer working up a new series of lectures.　她花了整个夏天准备了一组新的讲稿。
　They have worked up some plans.　他们已制订出一些计划。
5. 用光，耗尽 expend, use up (materials, etc.) in work
　They will work up all these stones in building the bridge.　他们将把这些石料全部用来造桥。
6. 增加，加强 increase in numbers or strength; improve in efficiency
　She worked up her typing speed to seventy words a minute.　她把打字速度提高到每分钟70个字。
 ♣ work up to　(v.+adv.+prep.)
1. 逐步发展到，渐渐达到 progress gradually to
　The story works up to a climax as it draws to a close.　故事快到结束时逐渐达到了高潮。
2. 逐步升职至 advance gradually to
　He works up to the position of vice-governor.　他逐步升到副总督之职。
 ♣ work with　(v.+prep.)
1. 与…在一起干 have the company and help of sb in one's job
　I find it so refreshing to work with young people in this department.　我发现和这一部门的青年一起工作令人精神振奋。
2. 从事…工作 go in for; be engaged in
　He has always liked working with machinery.　他总是喜欢搞机械。
　I would rather work with the bigger brush, it's faster.　我宁愿用大点的刷子干活，这样干得快些。
　He likes working the clay with his hands.　他喜欢用手捏黏土。

 ♣ work, function, operate
　这三个词都有“功能”“作用”的意思。其区别在于： operate更强调成功大于结果；work暗示成功、有效；function暗示某物之目的、任务和结果。

1. 他们钻研这门学科已经多年了。
　［误］ They have worked hard with this subject for many years.
　［正］ They have worked hard at this subject for many years.
　［析］ 表示“研究”“钻研”或“进行某项活动”时，可用work at，这里的at不可以用with替代。
2. 他这个月上夜班，所以他白天需要休息。
　［误］ He is working night this month, so he needs to rest during the day.
　［正］ He is working nights this month, so he needs to rest during the day.
　［析］ 说“上夜班”，不管上几个夜班，都是work nights，不是work night.
3. 船终于到达了港口。
　［误］ The ship worked the way into the harbor.
　［正］ The ship worked its way into the harbor.
　［析］ 表达“费劲地（到达某处）”时，可说work one's way.
4. 汤姆想逐步晋升成为一名销售经理。
　［误］ Tom wants to work up to be a sales manager.
　［正］ Tom wants to work up to being a sales manager.
　［析］ 表达“逐步晋升至（某一职位）”时，可以用work up to，这里的to是介词，不是动词不定式符号。
5. 我们每个人都必须制订一个目标，然后朝这个方向努力。
　［误］ We must each set a goal for ourselves and work for achieving it.
　［正］ We must each set a goal for ourselves and work towards achieving it.
　［析］ work for表示“为…工作”，而work toward(s)表示“朝…方向或目标”努力。
6. 我用那把钥匙开门，却打不开。
　［误］ I used the key to open the door, but it didn't succeed.
　［正］ I used the key to open the door, but it didn't work.
　［析］ work用作不及物动词可表示“（办法、计划、方法等）行得通”。而succeed是指实施计划的人成功与否，而不能是事情本身。
7. 我们在进行新的设计时遇到了很多困难。
　［误］ We met with many difficulties when we worked out the new design.
　［正］ We met with many difficulties when we worked on the new design.
　他一会儿就解出了这道数学题。
　［误］ He worked on the maths problem in a short time.
　［正］ He worked out the maths problem in a short time.
　［析］ work on意为“从事某工作”，是一个表示延续意义的短语；而work out意为“研究出”“制订好”，是一个表示瞬时意义的短语。

1. U 工作，劳动，作业　 doing or making sth
2. U 职业，职务，工作地点　 the place where you have a job
3. U 工作成果，产品　 sth that you make or do
4. C 著作，作品　 a book, painting or piece of music
5. P 工厂　 a place where people make things with machines
6. U 功，做功　 force multiplied by distance

　accomplish splendid ～　取得优异的成绩
　arrange ～ for sb　为某人安排工作
　begin ～　开始工作
　bring a ～ to a close　结束一项工作
　carry a ～ to its conclusion　完成一项工作
　carry on ～　做工作
　come back to one's ～　回来继续工作
　complete ～　完成工作
　continue one's ～　继续工作
　die at one's ～　殉职
　do ～　做工作，干工作
　find ～　找到工作
　finish ～　完成工作，结束工作
　get through ～　完成工作
　give ～ to　给…提供工作
　go about one's ～　着手工作，开始工作
　go to ～　去上班
　handle ～　处理工作
　leave ～　歇工
　leave off ～　中止工作
　look for ～　找工作
　perform ～　从事工作
　quit ～　停止工作
　return to ～　回去工作，重新上班
　set about one's ～　着手工作，开始工作
　set to ～　开始工作，着手工作
　simplify the ～　简化工作
　take on ～　承担工作
　want ～　需要工作，要求工作
　exhibit one's ～s　展出自己的作品
　publish a ～　出版著作
　academic ～　学术工作
　administrative ～　行政事务
　anti-flooding ～　抗洪工作
　backbreaking ～　极其繁重的体力劳动
　boring ～　令人厌倦的工作
　clerical ～　文书工作
　confidential ～　机要工作
　copying ～　抄写工作
　creative ～　创造性工作
　daily ～　日常工作
　delicate ～　细致的工作
　demanding ～　要求高的工作
　dirty ～　脏活，吃力不讨好的活
　disagreeable ～　令人不愉快的工作，不乐意做的工作
　domestic ～　家务
　easy ～　容易的工作
　educational ～　教育事业
　everyday ～　日常工作
　excessive ～　过度的劳动
　exhausting ～　令人筋疲力尽的工作
　experimental ～　实验工作
　firsthand ～　第一手工作
　grand-scale ～　大规模工程
　hard ～　艰苦的劳动
　heavy ～　繁重的工作
　indoor ～　室内工作
　light ～　轻松的工作
　manual ～　体力劳动
　medical ～　医疗工作
　mental ～　脑力劳动
　noble ～　高尚的工作
　orderly ～　有秩序的工作
　organizational ～　组织工作
　outdoor ～　室外工作
　outstanding ～　成绩超群
　patient ～　耐心的工作
　physical ～　体力劳动
　pleasant ～　令人愉快的工作
　political ～　政治工作
　productive ～　生产工作
　public ～　公职
　regular ～　固定的工作
　rough ～　粗活
　social ～　社会工作，民政工作
　splendid ～　优异的成绩
　taxing ～　繁重的工作
　tiring ～　令人筋疲力尽的工作
　tough ～　困难的工作
　undercover ～　秘密工作
　useful ～　有益的工作
　collected ～s　文集
　extinct ～　遗书
　great ～　伟大的作品
　handwritten ～　手写本
　highly-regarded ～s　备受好评的著作
　historical ～s　历史著作
　important ～s　重要的著作
　latest ～　最近的作品
　learned ～s　学术著作
　literary ～　文学作品
　maiden ～　处女作
　main ～　主要作品
　popular ～　受欢迎的作品
　published ～s　已出版的著作
　rare ～s　珍贵的作品
　recent ～　新作
　representative ～s　代表作
　scholarly ～　学术著作
　second-rate ～　二流作品
　selected ～s　选集
　technical ～　技术书籍
　valuable ～　贵重的书籍
　brain ～　脑力劳动
　charity ～　慈善事业
　composition ～　作文练习
　desk ～　书写工作
　farm ～　农活
　field～　野外测量或考察，现场工作
　hand ～　手工
　head ～　脑力劳动
　laboratory ～　实验室工作
　life ～　一生的工作
　muscle ～　体力劳动
　newspaper ～　新闻工作
　night ～　夜班
　paper ～　文书工作
　police ～　警察事务
　practice ～　实习
　reconstruction ～　重建工作
　relief ～　救援工作
　rescue ～　救援事业
　research ～　研究工作
　trade-promotion ～　贸易促进工作
　unemployment relief ～　失业救济工作
　welfare ～　福利事业
　art ～　美术作品
　early period ～　早期作品
　late period ～　晚期作品
　middle period ～　中期作品
　defence ～s　防御工事
　engineering ～s　土木工程
　foundation ～s　基础工程
　gas ～s　煤气厂
　steel ～s　钢铁厂
　～ clothes　工作服
　～ conference　工作会议
　at ～　在工作
　out of ～　失业
　～ in progress　工程在进行中（通常是工地附近马路上警告车辆或行人的牌子上的用语）
　～ of destruction　破坏工作
　～ of lawyer　律师的工作
　～ of reform　改革事业
　～ on the railway　铁路工程
　～ of art　艺术作品
　～ of seven volumes　一部七卷的著作
　～ of sociology　社会学著作
　～ in silver　银制品
　～ of hands　手工制品

　I have a lot of work to do.　我有许多工作要做。
　This Association does social work.　这个协会从事社会工作。
　Hard work is very beneficial.　艰苦的劳动非常有益。
　He never fights shy of hard work.　他从不躲避艰苦的工作。
　We have more work than we can deal with and must farm some out.　我们的工作多得做不完，我们必须外包一些给别人做。
　If you put heart and soul into the work, you wouldn't be feeling fed up with the job anyway.　如果你把心思都集中在工作上，你无论如何也不会对这项工作感到厌倦。
　The man is looking for work.　那个人正在找工作。
　The manager fired Bob because he was always late for work.　鲍勃因上班总迟到而被经理解雇。
　The medicine has begun to do its work.　药物已开始起作用了。
　If you push hard against something and move it, you have done work.　如果你用力推一件东西，并且移动它，那你就做了功。
　The work of this class has been falling behind recently.　近来这个班的成绩一直处于较低水平。
　What a beautiful piece of work!　多美的一件工艺品啊！
　The villagers sell their work to tourists.　村民们将劳动成果卖给旅游者。
　She appreciates a work of art.　她欣赏一件艺术品。
　He has read The Complete Works of Lu Hsun.　他读过《鲁迅全集》。
　She is reading a new work on acupuncture.　她正在看一本关于针刺疗法的新书。
　We visited No. 3 Chemical Works this morning.　今天早晨我们参观了化工三厂。
　There's something wrong with the works.　机件有毛病了。
　He works in the Ministry of Works.　他在建筑工程部工作。
　She's devoted her life to good works.　她献身于慈善事业。
　She is known for her good works.　她因常做善事而出名。

 ♣ at work
　工作中　do sth, especially work
　He had an accident at work.　他在工作中出了一次事故。
　He is hard at work.　他正在努力工作。
　Is your husband not at work today?　你丈夫今天没上班吗?
 ♣ at work on
　从事　going in for
　She has published two novels, and is at work on a third.　她已经出版了两本小说，正在写第三本。
 ♣ change one's work　
　换工作　exchange the work
　There's no need to think you are sentenced to spending the rest of your life in a job you hate; why don't you change your work?　没必要认为你下半辈子就得一直干这种你不愿干的工作，你为什么不换一换工作呢?
 ♣ get on with the work　
　好好干活　do work hard
　Get on with the work, this is no time to sit back.　好好干活，现在可不是坐着休息的时候。
 ♣ go to work　
　开始行动　start doing sth
　Some people farm their children out while they go to work.　有些人在工作期间把自己的孩子寄托给他人。
 ♣ in work
　就业　having a job
　There are ten thousand more people in work this month than last.　这个月比上一个月多一万人就业。
　He told his wife that he would be in regular work soon.　他对妻子说他很快就会有固定的工作了。
 ♣ saddle work on〔upon〕 　
　〈非正〉强迫（某人）接受　 force acceptance of work or sb unwanted on〔upon〕 sb
　Don't try to saddle your dirty work on me!　别想强迫我干你那脏活！
 ♣ set about one's work　
　开始做某事　begin to do sth
　How should we set about our work?　我们该怎样做这工作?
　He set about his work as soon as he had finished his meal.　他一吃完饭就开始工作了。
 ♣ shoot the works　
　不遗余力，孤注一掷　risk everything on one attempt
　Though the brakes of his bike had somewhat gone wrong, he still shot the works in a desperate effort to win the race.　虽然他的自行车刹车有点毛病，但他仍然为赢得比赛而孤注一掷。
 ♣ speed up one's work　
　（使）加速干活　(cause to) increase the speed of work
　If you speed up your work, we can finish before it is dark.　要是你加紧，我们可以在天黑前结束工作。

 ♣ work, career, job
　参见career条。
 ♣ work, chore, job, task
　参见task条。
 ♣ works, factory, mill, plant
　参见factory条。
 ♣ work, job, place, position
　参见job条。
 ♣ work, labour, toil
　参见labour条。
 ♣ 下面三句话意思相同：
　

1. 我在这个镇上找不到工作。
　［误］ I cannot find a work in this town.
　［正］ I cannot find work in this town.
　我有许多工作要做。
　［误］ I have a lot of works to do.
　［正］ I have a lot of work to do.
　［析］ work泛指“工作”时是不可数名词，不用定冠词修饰，也不可用于复数形式。
2. 这是一件奇特的艺术品，任何人都想看上一眼。
　［误］ It is such unusual work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.
　［正］ It is such an unusual work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.
　［析］ work of art（艺术品）中的work作“作品”解，是可数名词，故冠词an不可省。
3. 我起床了并准备去上班。
　［误］ I got up and got ready to go to my work.
　［正］ I got up and got ready to go to work.
　［析］ go to work作“上班”解，其中不插入my〔your, his〕等。同样， leave work作“下班”解，其中也不插入my〔your, his〕等。
4. 上百万人失业。
　［误］ Millions of men are out of the work.
　［正］ Millions of men are out of work.
　［析］ 表达“失业”用out of work, work前不可加定冠词the. 同样，表达“有工作”说in work，中间也不加the.
5. 他在上海铁厂工作已有十年了。
　［误］ He has served in the Shanghai Iron Work for ten years.
　［正］ He has served in the Shanghai Iron Works for ten years.
　［析］ work作“工厂”解时，习惯用复数形式。
6. 由于工作紧张，我不得不谢绝你的友好邀请。
　［误］ Owing to the pressure of the work, I have to decline your kind invitation.
　［正］ Owing to pressure of work, I have to decline your kind invitation.
　［析］ owing to pressure of work是习惯用语， work前无定冠词the.
7. 如果你努力工作，一定会成功的。
　［误］ You will achieve success by hard working.
　［正］ You will achieve success by hard work.
　［正］ You will achieve success by working hard.
　［析］ 说“努力工作”，如果用名词work，应该说hard work，这里的hard是形容词；如果用动名词working，要说working hard，这里的hard是副词。
8. 正在工作的人多数是年轻人。
　［误］ The people in work are mostly young men.
　［正］ The people at work are mostly young men.
　［析］ 表示“（人）在工作”用at work，不用 in work.
9. 这个纺织厂有多少工人?
　［误］ How many workers are there in this textile works?
　［正］ How many workers are there in this textile mill?
　他们将去北京钢铁厂参观。
　［误］ They are going to visit the Beijing Iron and Steel Mill.
　［正］ They are going to visit the Beijing Iron and Steel Works.
　［析］ works多指钢铁等重工业方面的工厂；mill多指纺织等轻工业方面的工厂。

　［派生词］ working adj.（涉及）工作的；（人）有工作的，劳动的；劳力的；（时间）用于工作上的；（想法等）可作为基础的；有效用的，起作用的
　［同义词］ v. labour, toil, job, place, position, function, operate n. job, place, position
　［词源］　古英语wyrcan（工作）