1. 抽象的　general as opposed to particular; based on general ideas and not on any particular real person, thing or situation
2. 抽象派的　expressing the artist's ideas or feelings rather than showing the exact appearance of people or thing

　～ argument　抽象辩论
　～ artist　抽象派画家
　～ code　抽象代码
　～ concept　抽象概念
　～ discussion　理论上的探讨
　～ expressionism　抽象表现主义
　～ idea　抽象观念
　～ impressionism　抽象印象派
　～ justice 　（实际上达不到的）空想的正义
　～ knowledge　理论知识
　～ ledger　摘要分类账
　～ noun　抽象名词/cn>
　～ painter　抽象派画家
　～ painting　抽象画
　～ principles　抽象原理
　～ right　名义上的权利
　～ science　理论科学
　～ sculpture　抽象派雕塑
　～ set　电视演播室布景
　～ words　抽象的话语

动词+～

　seem a little ～　似乎有点费解

　Abstract ideas may lead to concrete plans.　抽象的见解可能产生出具体的计划。
　"Beauty" and "truth" are abstract ideas.　“美”和“真理”是抽象的概念。
　Her head's full of abstract ideas about justice and revolution.　她的头脑里充满了关于正义和革命的抽象概念。
　I find it hard to think about abstract ideas like the meaning of life.　我发现思考生命的意义这类抽象概念并不容易。
　They are not interested in abstract notions like "equality" or "freedom".　他们对诸如“平等”或“自由”等抽象概念不感兴趣。
　Mathematics is concerned with understanding abstract concepts.　数学涉及对抽象概念的理解。
　The research shows that pre-school children are capable of thinking in abstract terms.　研究表明，学龄前儿童具有抽象思维的能力。
　Don't speak in such abstract terms.　不要这样抽象地谈问题。
　They made an abstract discussion of the crime problem.　关于犯罪问题他们做了理论上的探讨。
　Abstract nouns are usually uncountable nouns in English.　英语中的抽象名词通常是不可数名词。
　Astronomy is an abstract subject.　天文学是一门深奥的学科。
　He is an abstract painter.　他是一个抽象派画家。
　A flower is beautiful, but beauty itself is abstract.　花是美的，但美本身却是抽象的。
　We may talk of beautiful things but beauty itself is abstract.　我们虽然可以谈论美的事物，但美本身却是抽象的。
　Beauty is abstract but a house is not.　美是抽象的，而房屋则不是。
　This debate is becoming too abstract—let's have some hard facts! 　这场辩论变得太抽象了——举一些有力的事实吧！
　The idea of happiness is extremely abstract.　幸福是个非常抽象的观念。
　These words are abstract and elusive.　这些词概念抽象，难以捉摸。
　Her ideas seem a little abstract.　她的想法有点儿令人费解。
　Your explanation is too abstract for me.　你的解释对我而言过于深奥。
　His plans were too abstract to be put into operation.　他的计划太不具体，无法付诸实施。
　The atomic theory of matter is so abstract that it can be fully understood only by advanced students.　原子论高深莫测，只有高级学者才能完全理解。

1. C 抽象概念　abstraction or abstract term; abstract ideas
2. C 抽象派艺术作品　an abstract painting, drawing, or other work of art
3. C 摘要，概要　a short piece of writing containing the main ideas in a document

　make an ～ of　把…的要点摘录下来；做…的摘要
　paint ～s　画抽象派画
　submit an ～ of　提交一份…的摘要
　write an ～ of　写一份…的摘要
　condensed ～　压缩的摘要
　geometric ～　几何形抽象画
　in the ～　抽象地，在观念上，在理论上
　beauty in the ～　抽象美
　exhibition of ～s　抽象派画展
　painter of ～s　抽象派画家
　～ from a magazine　杂志摘要
　～ from a newspaper　报刊摘要
　～ from a journal　期刊的摘录
　～ in red and yellow　红黄相间的抽象画
　～ of a sermon　布道词的摘要
　～ of a contract　合同的摘要
　～ of a speech　演讲的摘要
　～ of a scientific article　科学论文的摘要
　the very ～ and essence of the democratic government　民主政治的精髓和要旨

　Our abstracts derive all originally from the concrete.　我们常用的抽象概念初始均来自具体事物。
　Several of her abstracts had been bought by the Tate　她的几幅抽象画已被（伦敦）泰特陈列馆买下。
　I'm just talking the abstract now.　我现在只是在泛泛而谈。
　I have difficulty in dealing with the abstract—let's get down to some particulars.　我考虑抽象概念有些困难，让我们处理一些具体事情吧。
　Please write an abstract of this article〔thesis〕.　请写一份这本书〔这篇论文〕的摘要。
　He read through the papers and made an abstract of their contents.　他把那些论文都读了一遍并做了内容摘要。
　He will submit an abstract of approximately 100 words.　他将呈交一份约100字的摘要。
　There is a section at the end of the magazine, which includes abstracts of recent articles.　在杂志的最后有一个部分，其中包括近期文章的摘要。

 ♣ in the abstract
　抽象地；在理论上　in a theoretical way; without referring to any real examples
　Try to consider this problem in the abstract.　试着从理论上来考虑这个问题。
　He always tries to deal with problems in the abstract and never thinks of the practical details.　他总是从理论上来处理问题，从没有去思考实际的细节。
　I like cats in the abstract, but I can't bear this one.　一般来说我喜欢猫，可是我受不了这一只。
　Legal questions rarely exist in the abstract; they are based on real cases.　法律问题极少以抽象形式存在，而是以实际案例为基础。
　We've only discussed the question in the abstract so far.　目前我们只是概括地讨论了一下这个问题。
　It is no use agreeing to a holiday in the abstract; it depends on where you are willing to go.　泛泛地同意去度假没有什么意义，这要看你想去哪里度假。

 ♣ abstract, digest, outline, summary
　这四个词都可表示“摘要”，即对已经流行的文字进行压缩的结果。其区别是：
1. 从原始材料上说：summary和outline用于任何一篇文章；abstract用于一篇学术或法律方面比较艰深或复杂的文章；而digest则用于来源不同的若干篇文章。
2. 从含义上说：abstract强调简洁和实质性内容的集中；summary注重简练，而不刻意追求风格或事实、细节；outline侧重“要点”；而digest则通常不仅要展示原作的精髓，也常常保留原作的语言和风格。
3. 从形式上说：abstract, summary和digest都是一篇短文；而outline则可以是一篇短文，也可以是一些编号或关键性词语。
4. 从位置上说：abstract一般位于正文之前；summary和outline既可位于正文之前，也可独立成篇；digest则完全是另一篇文章。
5. 从写作时间上说：abstract, summary和digest都是在文章写成之后；而outline既可以是文章写好后再抽出的要点，也可以是写作之前拟定的提纲。
6. 从写作目的上说：abstract, summary和digest都是写给别人看的；而outline既可以给别人看，也可以供自己使用。

1. vt.提取；抽取；分离　remove sth from somewhere; obtain facts from a calculation or piece of research
2. vt.写出摘要；摘录　make a written summary of a book etc.

　～ the notions of time, space and matter　使时间、空间和物质的概念抽象化
　～ a story for a book review　为一篇书评撰写故事梗概
　～ a wallet from sb's pocket　从某人的口袋里窃取皮夹子
　～ 8 million gallons of water from the river　从这条河中抽取800万加仑的水
　～ iron from ore　从矿石中提炼铁
　～ metal from ore　从矿石中提取金属
　～ sb's attention from his work　把某人的注意力从工作上转移开
　～ sb's attention from the surroundings　转移某人对环境的注意力
　～ the juice from an orange　榨橘子汁
　～ an essay in 100 words　用100个字写出一篇文章的内容提要
　～ this book into a compendium　把这本书摘成纲要
　～ one's views of life into an art work　将人生观寓于艺术作品中
　～ for　为…做摘要
　～ from　从…提取

　Workers abstract metal from ore.　工人从矿砂中提炼金属。
　This machine abstracts salt from sea water.　这种机器能从海水中提取盐。
　They have abstracted a rare metal from the ore.　他们已从矿砂中提炼了一种稀有金属。
　It is possible to abstract several good points from his discussion.　从他的讨论中提取一些要点是有可能的。
　The thief abstracted 50 pounds from my wallet.　小偷从我的钱夹里偷走了50英镑。
　The thief abstracted a wallet from his pocket.　小偷从他的口袋中扒走了皮夹。
　Please abstract this scientific article.　请给这篇科学论文做摘要。
　He has abstracted the speech.　他对讲话做了摘要。
　She abstracted the main points from the argument.　她把论据概括成要点。
　The noise abstracted the students' attention.　吵闹声使学生心不在焉。
　Nothing can abstract his mind while he works.　他工作时，什么也不能使他分心。
　Iron is abstracted from ore.　铁是从矿石中提炼出来的。
　The idea of greenness is abstracted from green objects.　绿的概念是从绿色物体中抽象出来的。
　He is abstracted by a bird outside the classroom.　他的注意力溜到教室外的小鸟身上

　［派生词］ abstracted adj.心神专注的‖abstractedly adv.心不在焉地；走神儿地；发呆地‖abstractedness n.心不在焉；走神儿；发呆‖abstracter, abstractor n.心不在焉的人；发呆的人‖abstraction n.抽象，抽象概念；心神专注；提取‖abstractly adv.抽象地‖abstractness n.心不在焉；走神儿；发呆
　［同义词］ adj. abstruse, conceptual, general, hypothetical, imaginary, impractical, indefinite, intellectual, profound, theoretic, theoretical, visionary n. abridgement, digest, essence, outline, precise, recapitulation, summary v. dissociate, extract, remove, separate, take, take away, withdraw, steal, digest, outline, summarize
　［反义词］ adj. actual, concrete, definite, factual, material, practical, real, specific n. amplification, enlargement, expansion v. add, combine, inject, mix, unite
　［词源］拉丁语abstractus