1. vt.命令，委托　instruct or command; give as a duty or responsibility
2. vt. & vi.收费，要价　 ask a account as a price
3. vt.控告　 accuse sb of sth formally in a court of a law
4. vi. & vt.进攻　 run forward and attack

　～ a camera　给相机装胶卷
　～ a fire hose　给救火水管注水
　～ a fountain pen　给自来水笔注墨水
　～ a gun　给枪炮装填弹药
　～ a storage battery　给蓄电池充电
　～ one's failure　责备某人的失败
　～ one's mind　充实某人的头脑
　～ ten dollars　收价十美元
　～ double　加倍收费
　～ high　要高价
　～ low　卖低价
　～ easily　容易充电
　～ heavily　支付一大笔钱
　～ off　注销损失，报损
　～ against sb　指控某人
　～ at　冲向…
　～ for　收…费
　～ for the book　收书费
　～ sb a price for his purchase　要求某人付购物款
　～ into　冲进…
　～ into a room　冲进房间
　～ out of　冲出…
　～ to　记入…的借项
　～ to sb's account　记入某人的账下
　～ with　使充满…，使负担，使承担罪名，使受责备
　～ oneself with　承担责任
　～ oneself with an important task　自己承担重要任务
　～ sb with carelessness　归咎某人大意
　～ sb with theft　控告某人行窃
　～ the stomach with food　胃里填满了食物

　The troops charged and retreated and charged again.　这军队冲上去，退下来，又冲上去。
　We charged and the enemy's front line fell back.　我们一冲锋，敌人的阵线就后退了。
　I am going to charge a new dress, and pay for it at the end of the month.　我要去买一件新衣服，记在账上，月底付款。
　The cavalry charged the hostile fort.　骑兵冲向敌堡。
　Charge your glass and drink to his health.　把你的酒杯斟满，为他的健康干杯。
　She charged that he had stolen her car.　她控告他偷了她的车。
　All the staff-members charged that the earned incomes were not distributed upon the principle of equality.　所有员工都控诉工资分配不公平。
　The king charged that his minister had disobeyed instructions.　国王指控他的部长大臣不听他的命令。
　When I used his telephone, he charged me nothing.　我用他的电话时，他没有收费。
　The bank charged me 25% interest on the loan.　银行对这笔贷款收取我25%的利息。
　They charge the wine importers a heavy tax.　他们向葡萄酒进口商课以重税。
　ABC charged advertisers 235,000 dollars a minute.　美国广播公司向做广告的人每分钟收取235000美元的巨额广告费。
　He charged me to send the letter.　他要我去寄信。
　I charged her to take my books.　我责令她拿走我的书。

 ♣ charge against　(v.+prep.)
1. 控告 accuse
　He charged murder against the man.　他指控那人犯有谋杀罪。
2. 归咎于 blame sth on sb
　They charged the accident against me.　他们把这意外事件归咎于我。
 ♣ charge at　(v.+prep.)
　向…袭击；扑向　make a headlong attack toward
　You should have seen me run when that wolf charged at me!　那只狼朝我扑来时，你应该看见我跑开！
　The player charged at his opponent, making him drop the ball.　那个运动员朝对手冲去，使他扔下了球。
　The wounded lion suddenly charged at me.　受伤的狮子突然向我冲了过来。
 ♣ charge down　(v.+adv.)
1. 冲上前；往下冲 rush forward or down
　When Mother returned from the hospital, the children charged down to meet her.　母亲出院回来时，孩子们跑上前迎接她。
　The cavalry charged down on the defenceless villagers.　骑兵向手无寸铁的村民们冲了过去。
2. 〈主美〉把…记账 record sth to one's debt
　Charge the goods down to my account.　把这些货记在我的账上。
 ♣ charge for　(v.+prep.)
　要价，收费　ask for payment
　Do you charge for the use of the telephone?　打电话收费吗?
　Plumbers charge by the hour for their work.　管子工的工作是以小时收费的。
　Hotels charge for services.　旅馆收服务费。
　Is entrance charged for?　入场要收费吗?
　What do you charge for a bottle of brandy?　白兰地酒多少钱一瓶?
　Did he charge anything for the use of the copy machine?　用他的复印机，他收费没有?
　We don't charge anything for that.　对这我们不收任何费用。
　The hotel charges thirty-five dollars a day for this room.　旅馆对这种房间定为一天35美元。
　The airline charges half-price for students.　这家航空公司给学生以半价优惠。
　They charged Brown for that broken window.　他们要布朗赔偿他破坏玻璃窗的钱。
　I've been charged too much for these vegetables.　我买这些蔬菜，被索价太高了。
　He was charged heavily for it.　他为此支付了一大笔钱。
　I don't know how much they charge for washing a car.　我不知道他们冲洗一部汽车要多少钱。
　How much do you charge for mending a pair of shoes? 　补一双鞋要多少钱?
　She charged me two dollars for fixing my watch.　她要我付两美元修理手表费。
　He charged me three yuan for taking my bag to the station.　他把我的行李包送到车站，收费3元。
　How much will you charge me for repairing my bike?　修一下自行车要多少钱?
 ♣ charge into　(v.+prep.)
　冲进；撞上　rush into a room, object, etc.
　I charged into a doorpost and hurt my head.　我一下撞到门框上，头撞破了。
　The children charged into the house to greet their grandmother.　孩子们跑进房里去问候他们的奶奶。
　In the enemy confusion our fighters charged into the block-houses.　趁敌人混乱之际，我军战士冲进敌堡。
　They took off their padded coats and charged into the tunnel, armed with crowbars and dynamite.　他们脱掉了棉衣，手持铁锹和炸药，冲进了隧洞。
 ♣ charge off　(v.+adv.)
　〔说明〕 charge off通常不用于进行体。
1. 〈美〉把…作为损耗处理 write off as an expense or loss
　The firm had to charge off the debt as hopeless.　公司只得把那笔没希望要回的债务注销。
　The store owner charged off all of the last season's stock of suits.　店主把上一季度盘存的全部服装作为损耗在账上注销。
2. 〈美·非正〉把…归因于 consider sth to be the result of sth
　He charged off the mistake to inexperience.　他把错误归咎于缺乏经验。
　The director thinks that the firm can charge off its success to his leadership.　经理认为公司的成功归功于他的领导。
 ♣ charge on〔upon〕　(v.+prep.)
1. 归咎于 consider sth to be the result of sb
　They charged the accident on him.　他们把那个事故归咎于他。
2. 出一笔钱 take a sum from an amount of money
　Buyers charged 8% sales tax on all goods.　所有货物营业税的百分之八是由买主支付的。
　30% is charged on the first part of your taxable income.　你收入的第一部分应该征税百分之三十。
 ♣ charge out　(v.+adv.)
　冲出来　rush out
　The children charged out of school.　孩子们呼啦冲出了学校。
　He charged out of the door without a word.　他一句话没说跑出屋去。
　The bull charged out into the sunlight of the arena.　公牛冲出来进入阳光照耀的竞技场。
 ♣ charge to　(v.+prep.)
1. 把…记入 record sth to sb's debt
　〔说明〕 charge to作此解时常不用于进行体。
　Don't forget to charge the money to my account.　别忘了将这钱记到我的账上。
2. 委托于；归咎于 consider sth to be the result of sb
　I charge this sum to you.　我将此款托你保管。
　He charged the accident to me.　他说这事故应由我负责。
　He charged the fire to my carelessness.　他说这场火灾是因我粗心大意引起的。
　She charged her failure to self-conceit.　她把她的失败归因于自满。
　John failed to win the prize, and he charged it to his lack of experience.　约翰没能得奖，他说是因为经验不足。
　They charged the loss to his negligence.　他们将损失归咎于他的疏忽。
 ♣ charge up¹　(v.+prep.)
　向…冲锋　move to attack
　The enemy repeatedly charged up the mountain, attempting to knock us out.　敌人反复向山上冲锋，企图消灭我们。
 ♣ charge up²　(v.+adv.)
1. 跑上来 move suddenly
　The boy charged up and asked for an ice cream.　这个男孩跑上来，要了一份冰淇淋。
2. 挂账，记在…账上 credit
　I'll charge the expenses up.　我会把这些费用挂账。
　Please charge the meal up to the company.　请把这顿饭记到公司的账上。
3. 为…充电 provide an electrical charge for
　The man in the garage said he would charge up my car battery.　汽车修理厂的人说要给我的汽车电瓶充电。
 ♣ charge with　(v.+prep.)
1. 给…装（炸药） put powder, etc. in sth
　〔说明〕 charge with通常不用于进行体。
　He charged a gun with powder.　他把火药装入枪内。
　They charged the cannon with shot.　他们给大炮装上了炮弹。
　The pistol is charged with bullets.　手枪装着子弹。
2. 给…充（电） charge a battery to sth
　〔说明〕 charge with通常不用于进行体。
　If we charge it with electricity, it will become magnetic.　如果充上电，它就会带有磁性。
　Is it charged with electricity?　充电了吗?
　The wire is charged with electricity.　那根电线有电。
　Electrons are negatively charged with electricity, protons are positively charged.　电子是带负电荷的，质子是带正电荷的。
3. 指控…犯有罪 accuse sb of sth
　〔说明〕 charge with通常不用于进行体。
　They charged him with dishonesty.　他们指责他不诚实。
　Six days later, the police arrested him and charged him with murder.　警方六天以后将他逮捕，并指控他犯有谋杀罪。
　The police charged the prisoner with stealing the jewels.　警方指控那个囚徒偷窃珠宝。
　He was charged with being an absentee.　他被指控是个逃兵。
　The driver was charged with speeding.　司机被指控超速行车。
　The merchant was charged with jacking up prices and was fined.　那商人被指控哄抬物价，受到罚款处分。
　A man has been charged in connection with the murder.　这个人被指控与这起谋杀案有关。
4. 使承担；使担负 give as a task〔duty〕; give into sb's care
　I'll charge myself with the safe delivery of the secret information.　我来负责安全递送这个秘密情报。
　I'm charging you with cleaning the room before you go.　我要你负责把房间打扫干净再走。
　He charged himself with the task of standing guard.　他承担了警戒的任务。
　He charged her with making a new teaching plan.　他委托她制定新的教学计划。
　They charged him with the duty of looking after the warehouse.　他们交给他看守仓库的任务。
　I am charged with a message for you.　我受托将一消息告诉给你。
　How do you choose the officials who will be charged with fulfilling these duties?　你怎样选择将担负这些责任的官员呢?
5. 充满 be filled with
　〔说明〕 charge with通常不用于进行体。
　He declined to charge his memory with so many details.　他不愿在脑子里记这么多细枝末节。
　The air in the room was charged with water vapour.　这房间里的空气中充满水蒸气。
　A brush is charged with black ink.　毛笔蘸满了墨汁。
　My husband is always charged with strength and power.　我的丈夫总是精力充沛。
　Her reply was charged with emotion.　她的回信充满感情。
　His poetry is charged with strength and feeling.　他的诗歌充满了力量和情感。
　The air was charged with emotion when the aging actress made her final appearance on stage.　当这位老年女演员做告别演出时，剧场内充满着热情洋溢的气氛。
　The atmosphere is charged with fury.　一片愤怒的气氛。

 ♣ charge off to, charge to
　在表示“归因于”时，可用charge sth off to sb，也可用charge sth to sb. 前者多一个off，含有把本该归于某人的“功”或“过”划出来一部分强加于某人的意味。另外， charge to一般只用于“归咎于”，而charge off to则既可表示“归咎于”，也可表示“归功于”。
 ♣ charge sb to-v, charge sb with v-ing
　charge sb　后可接动词不定式，也可接"with+动名词”。前者是复合结构，后者是双宾语；前者意为“责令某人做某事”，后者意为“指责某人做某事。”试比较：

 ♣ charge, accuse
　参见accuse条。
 ♣ charge, assault, attack, beset
　参见attack条。
 ♣ charge, command, direct, enjoin, instruct
　参见command条。
 ♣ charge, cost
　参见cost条。

　他被诬告为叛徒。
　［误］ He was falsely charged with traitor.
　［正］ He was falsely charged with treason.
　［析］ charge with后面接表示“罪名”或“罪行”的名词，不接“人”。

1. C 指责，指控，控告　 claim that a person has done wrong, especially a formal claim that he has committed a crime; accusation
2. C 猛攻　 rushing violent attack by soldiers, wild animals, footballers, etc.
3. C 费用　 price asked for goods or services
4. U 掌管，照管　 responsible possession; care
5. C 指示，命令　 instructions; directions

　admit a ～　认罪
　bear the ～　负担费用
　cook up a ～　捏造罪名
　dismiss a ～　驳回一项指控
　drop a ～　撤回指控
　face a ～　面对别人的指责，出庭面对指控
　fight off a ～　击退冲锋
　increase the ～　提高价钱
　make a ～　收费
　pay the ～s　付费用
　prefer ～s　提出控告
　press ～s　提出控告
　set off a ～　引爆炸药
　sound the ～　吹冲锋号
　throw out a ～　驳回一项指控
　extra ～　额外收费
　false ～　编造的罪名
　heavy ～　大笔费用，重罪
　quick ～　快速充电
　slow ～　慢速充电
　admission ～　入学〔入会费〕
　carrying ～　资产持有费用（如税款等），（分期付款购物的）附加价格
　cover ～　（饭店等的）服务费
　depth ～　深水炸弹
　electric ～　电荷
　hotel ～s　旅馆费用
　service ～　服务费
　be in ～ of　主管…，负责…
　on a ～ of　以…罪名
　on a ～ of embezzlement　以挪用公款罪名
　on various ～s　以不同的罪名
　～ against sb　对某人的指控
　lay a ～ against sb　控告某人
　make a ～ against sb　非难〔责备，指控〕某人
　～s for　收…的付款
　have ～ of　主管…
　bring a ～ of sth against sb　控告某人犯某罪
　take ～ of sth　负责某事
　～ to　记入…的借项
　～ to sb's account　（记入）某人账目中的借项

　On what charges do you arrest him?　你指控什么来逮捕他呢?
　She was expelled from the company on a charge that she had committed shoplifting.　她被开除，因为她有偷盗的行为。
　They convicted him of a charge of forgery.　他们定他犯有伪造罪。
　He freed himself of the charge of stealing.　他澄清了这一偷盗的指控。
　He was arrested on a charge of having infringed the law.　有人控告他违法，他被捕了。
　He was tried on a charge of murder.　他被指控谋杀而受审。
　Smith was arrested on the charge of theft.　史密斯因偷盗而被抓。
　These youngsters were arrested on the charge of robbery.　这些年轻人因抢劫而被捕。
　The troops mounted one charge after the other.　部队发起了一次又一次冲锋。
　The charge was repulsed.　冲锋被击退了。
　He was at the head of his platoon in every charge.　在排里，每次冲锋他都一马当先。
　He ducked to evade the beast's desperate charge.　他迅速低下身子，躲闪那猛兽的拼死攻击。
　Doctors and nurses have charge of sick people.　医生和护士照顾病人。
　He assumed full charge of the business of the company.　他全权主管该公司的业务。
　The company used to be in his direct charge.　该公司过去由他直接管理。
　In many countries people get medical treatment free of charge.　在许多国家人们享受免费医疗。
　Gasoline can be obtained on a reasonable charge.　汽油可以用合理的价钱购得。
　The charges for electricity and gas will be increased next year.　明年的电费和煤气费要上涨。
　She hadn't got the coins for the phone box, so she had to reverse the charges.　她在公用电话亭打电话没有带硬币，所以只好叫对方付费。
　He got this book free of charge.　他免费得到这本书。
　They made me bear all travelling charges.　他们要我负担全部的旅费。
　The charge for board and lodging at that hotel is quite reasonable.　这家旅馆的食宿相当合理。
　The corporation should pay for my hotel charges.　公司应支付我的旅馆费用。
　What is the charge for a day at that fashionable London Hotel?　那家伦敦的高级旅馆每天收费多少?
　An additional charge is made for heavy bags.　重的提袋需另加费用。
　Each passenger is allowed 30 pounds of luggage free of charge.　每个旅客可以免费携带行李30磅。
　An electron has a negative charge, a proton has a positive charge.　电子带负电荷，质子带正电荷。
　Once inside the Oval Office, Teng seemed completely comfortable and confident and very much in charge, according to an eyewitness.　据目击者说，邓一走进白宫椭圆形办公室以后，就显得十分轻松、自信，泰然自若。
　I accepted my mother's charge to take good care of my baby sister.　我接受了母亲要我照看小妹妹的任务。
　The nurse was given charge over the probationers.　那位护士被授权管理实习护士。
　My uncle gave me charge of his old house in the country.　我叔叔委托我照管他乡下的房子。
　Some trees and flowers are to be planted in the garden, and I was looking for someone to put in charge.　花园里需要种些花草树木，我早就想找人来负责这件事。
　Some new houses are to be built, and they were looking for someone to put in charge.　需要盖一批新房子，他们早就想找人来负责这项工作了。

 ♣ bring a charge (of sth) against
　正式控告（某人）　formally accuse sb of a crime, etc.
　The police brought a charge of murder against him.　警方指控他犯有谋杀罪。
 ♣ charge account
　赊账　an account with a shop which allows one to take goods at once and pay for them later
　My father bought a new suit on his charge account.　我父亲以记账方式买了一套新西装。
　Mr. Jones has a charge account at the garage on the corner.　琼斯先生在街道拐角处的修车厂设有记账户头。
 ♣ face a charge〔charges〕
　出庭回答某人的控告　be forced to appear in court accused of sth
　The woman had to face serious charges.　这位女士不得不面对指控。
　He faces three charges of murder.　他面临三项谋杀指控。
 ♣ in charge of
　负责　responsible for
　The teacher is in charge of the class.　这位教师负责这个班。
　I'll be in charge of the whole factory next week when the director is away.　下周厂长不在时，我将负责整个工厂。
　The cook is in charge of the kitchen helper.　这位厨师负责管理厨工。
　Pilfering has stopped entirely since they put Angus in charge of the stores.　自从他们让安格斯掌管商店以来，小偷小摸就杜绝了。
 ♣ in the charge of〔in sb's charge〕
　受管理　in the care of sb
　Mother puts the baby in the charge of the baby-sitter while she is out.　母亲外出时，婴儿交给临时保姆照顾。
　The ward of the hospital is in the charge of Dr. Green.　医院的这间病房由格林医生负责。
　The house has been in my charge now for more than a year.　这所房子由我负责管理已有一年多了。
 ♣ take charge of
　控制，掌管，承担责任　take control of sth; become responsible for sth
　The department was badly organized until she took charge of it.　这个部门在她负责以前组织工作做得很差。
　The policeman said he would take charge of the gun.　那个警察说他来看管这支枪。
 ♣ trump up a charge
　虚构罪名　invent an accusation
　Sylvia does not get on with the supervisor and the danger is that he will trump up some charge to discredit her.　西尔维亚与主管人相处得不好，因而害怕他会捏造一些罪名使她名誉扫地。
　That woman trumped up various baseless charges against him.　那个女人捏造种种毫无根据的罪名指控他。
　It became clear, during the trial, that most of the charges against the defendant were trumped up.　在审判中已搞清楚了，对被告的大部分指控是捏造的。

 ♣ in charge of, in the charge of, in one's charge
　这三个短语都有“管理”“掌管”的意思。其区别是：
1. in charge of表示主动意义， of的宾语是所管理的物或事物，可译为“管理…”“负责…”; in the charge of和in one's charge表示被动意义，宾语是实施管理的人，可译为“在…的掌管下”“由…负责”。
2. in the charge of可改为under the charge of；而in charge of却不可改成under charge of.
 ♣ charge, dues, fare, fee, toll
　这组词的共同意思是“费”。其区别是：charge是普通用语，泛指生活各方面所花费的“价钱”“费用”，尤指某种服务的“费用”; fee指付给团体的费用，如“报名费”“会费”或付给自由职业者如私人教师、医生、律师等所收的“费用”或“谢金”，还可指“租书费”等；dues指应缴的款或应付的各种税或各种组织的会费；toll指使用道路、桥梁、海港等所需的“过路费”“过桥费”，也可指长途电话费、设施使用费或市场的摊位费等；而fare主要指车、船、飞机等的旅费。例如：
　The guidebook to the museum is available free of charge.　这个博物馆的游览指南免费供应。
　The doctor's fee was higher than we expected.　那医生收费比我们预料的要高。
　The shipowners must pay the dues for the use of the harbour every year.　船主们每年必须交租用港口税。
　A toll must be paid on the tunnel.　通过这条隧道必须付通行费。
　When you take a bus you have to pay the fare.　坐公共汽车必须买票。

　在当代英语中， in the charge of中的the常省略。例如：
　I left it in charge of my secretary.　我把我的文件交给我的秘书。
　由此可认为in charge of的意思是主动还是被动，可视of的宾语而定。而下面的句子可能引起歧义：Miss Selma was in charge of his mother.如要表示“他的母亲由塞尔玛小姐照顾。”，还是用"His mother was in the charge of Miss Selma."为好。

　［同义词］ v. price at, sell for; assail, assault, attack, accuse, blame, indict n. accusation, allegation, blame, indictment, cost, price
　［反义词］ v. flee, retreat, absolve, excuse, pardon
　［词源］　古法语chargier<拉丁语carricar（装车，负荷）