vt. & vi.损害，毁坏，加害于 break or spoil; cause harm or injury to

　～ car　毁坏汽车
　～ cities　毁坏城市
　～ crop　使庄稼受到损害
　～ economy　对经济产生影响
　～ goods　毁坏商品
　～ house　毁坏房屋
　～ one's confidence　对某人的信心产生影响
　～ sb's appearance　毁了某人的面容
　～ sb's interests　损害某人的利益
　～ sb's property　损害某人的财产
　～ sb's prospects　毁坏某人的前程
　～ sb's reputation　毁坏某人的名誉
　～ the national economy　损害国民经济
　～ badly　严重损害
　～ completely　完全损坏
　～ easily　容易损坏
　～ normally　正常损害
　～ partially　部分损害
　～ seriously　严重损害
　～ totally　全部损害
　～ usually　经常损害

　China damages easily.　瓷器容易破损。
　This cloth damages easily.　这件衣服很容易坏。
　Wool usually damages if washed in hot water.　毛织物用热水洗一定会受损。
　You've damaged my bicycle. You shan't have it again.　你把我的自行车弄坏了。你别想再用了。
　Hailstones damaged crops and even killed farm animals.　冰雹毁坏了农作物，甚至打死了牲畜。
　Last summer, a hailstorm damaged the ten mu of good land.　去年夏天，一场雹子把那十亩好地全给损坏了。
　A fire has damaged the school houses.　一场大火毁坏了学校的房子 。
　The bomb destroyed two buildings and damaged several others.　炸弹炸毁了两幢建筑物，炸坏了另外几幢房屋。
　Drinking and smoking can damage your health.　饮酒和吸烟会损害你的健康。
　They shot down or damaged about 10 enemy planes.　他们击落击伤大约10架敌机。
　He tried to use it to damage our international reputation.　他企图利用此事来破坏我们的国际声誉。
　Their failures in this area have damaged their self-confidence and creditability.　他们在本领域的失败使他们的自信心和可信度受损。
　This lock is damaged. This door will never open!　这把锁坏了。门开不开了！
　Many houses were damaged by the earthquake.　许多房屋遭受了地震的损失。
　If men breathed in the fine paint spray, their lungs would be damaged.　如果人们吸入这种细微的漆雾，他们的肺部就会受到损伤。
　Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness.　久病使她的心脏受到一些损害。
　The police acknowledged that three police vehicles were damaged.　警方承认有三辆警车被毁。
　His political reputation was damaged due to his illegal marriage.　他的政治名誉由于他的非法婚姻而受到诋毁。
　The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.　自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
　The damaged wire blew out the cooker.　电线坏了，电饭锅不可使用了。

 ♣ damage for　(v.+prep.)
　（对…)造成损害　hurt sb/sth
　The incident has damaged for his reputation.　这次事件给他的名声造成损害。

 ♣ damage, demolish, ruin, spoil
　这组词都有“破坏，毁坏”的意思。其区别是：
1. damage一般指“部分的破坏”，通常作“损坏”解，意味着损坏后价值减少或作用减小，有时可用于借喻中。
2. demolish是正式用语，指由于巨大外力或急速、猛烈的动作而造成的破坏，其破坏力甚至达到粉碎的程度，往往只剩下一堆废墟或残骸。例如：
　Many buildings had to be demolished before the new highway could be built.　必须拆毁许多建筑物才能修建新公路。
　The car was demolished in a collision.　汽车撞坏了。
3. ruin指把某件东西损害到不能再修理或使用的程度。现在多用于借喻中。例如：
　Your plans for a party will be ruined if you get sick.　如果你病了，你的聚会计划就毁了。
　Moths ruined good woolen clothes by eating holes in them.　蛀虫在很好的毛衣上咬了许多洞，把衣服给毁了。
4. spoil一般指某物受到严重破坏或损伤，基本上失去原有的价值、用途、美观，一般含有不可弥补的意味，作不及物动词用，表示（食物）变坏，腐烂变质等。例如：
　Too much pepper spoiled the soup she was making for supper.　她在晚餐所做的汤里放了过多的胡椒，破坏了汤的味道。
 ♣ damage, destroy
　这两个词的共同意思是“损坏”“破坏”。其区别是：
1. 在程度上， destroy指十分彻底地破坏，而damage指并不彻底地破坏。
2. 在后果上， destroy指不能或很难修复了，而damage指不能发挥正常作用了。
3. 在对象上， destroy可接物，也可接人，而damage通常只用于非生物。
4. 在造成破坏的原因上， destroy多指不可抵抗的外界力量，而damage则常指因人的过失。例如：

 ♣ damage, harm, hurt, impair, injure, wound
　参见impair条。

　那是一场破坏性的地震。
　［误］ That is a damaged earthquake.
　［正］ That is a damaging earthquake.
　［析］ 过去分词作定语时，含有被动意义， earthquake是不会“被破坏的”，所以须用damaging.

1. U 损失，损害，损毁　 loss of value, attractiveness or usefulness caused by an event, accident, etc.
2. P 损害赔偿金　 money paid or claimed as compensation for damage, loss or injury

　cause ～　造成损失〔损害〕
　do ～ to　损害
　guard against ～　预防遭受损害
　pay (for) ～　赔偿损失
　receive ～　受到〔遭到〕损失
　recover ～　弥补损失
　repair ～　弥补损失，修复被毁坏的部分
　suffer ～　遭受损害，蒙受损害
　work ～　造成损害
　great ～　很大损害
　heavy ～　严重的损失〔损伤〕
　lasting ～　永久的损失
　little ～　很小的损害
　much ～　很大损害
　serious ～　严重损害
　slight ～　轻微的损害
　total ～　全部损失
　brain ～　脑损伤
　flood ～　水灾损失
　material ～　物质损坏
　one million dollars ～　一百万美元的损失
　war ～　战争造成的损失〔损害〕
　with ～　有损害
　～ from　由…引起的损失
　～ from a fire　因火灾而受到的损害
　～ from a flood　因水灾而受到的损害
　～ to car　汽车损坏
　～ to house　房子损坏

　Expecting him to pay for the damage which they had caused was simply adding insult to injury.　指望他承担他们给他造成的损失，这简直是辱上加辱。
　He is liable for all the damage done by his workers.　他应为他的工人所造成的一切损失负责。
　The Post Office is not liable for damage to a parcel sent by mail unless it is insured.　邮局对于邮寄包裹，除已办保险者外，若有损失不负责任。
　Your father is furious about the damage you have done to the flower beds.　你把花坛损坏了，你父亲对此非常生气。
　The cattle broke into the wheat field and did much damage.　牛群闯进麦田，毁了不少庄稼。
　Fortunately, the stormy waves caused trifling damage to the boat.　幸好，风浪使船只受到的损坏较轻。
　The unprecedented flood caused great damage to many places in the North.　这空前的洪水，使北方许多地方遭受重大损失。
　Someone who refuses to follow the order must be brought to heel before he does lasting damage.　必须迫使拒绝那些遵循命令的人在造成不可挽回的损害之前就范。
　The storm did a great deal of material damage.　暴风雨造成了许多物资损坏。
　In international custom, a nation that unilaterally breaks contracts must make good the damage.　根据国际惯例，某国单方面撕毁合同必须赔偿损失。
　He advanced a large claim for damages.　他提出了一大笔赔偿要求。
　The insurance company has paid us damages.　保险公司已经把赔款付给了我们。

 ♣ what's the damage
　某物要多少钱 what did〔does〕　sth cost
　"I need a new coat.""Oh yes?What's the damage?"　“我需要一件新外衣。”“是吗?要多少钱?”

　可以把damage（损害）和damages（赔偿金）视为两个不同的词，后者是复数形式单数意义。

　［同义词］ v. harm, impair, injure n. harm, impairment, injury
　［反义词］ v. fix, improve, rebuild, repair
　［词源］古法语damage<拉丁语damnum（损失，损坏）