1. vi.降落，落下；摔下，倒下　 come down from a higher place, e. g. by losing balance or as a result of gravity
2. vi.跌倒　 come down from a standing position to a lying position
3. vi.降低，减退　 come or go to a lower level or point
4. vi.倒坍；沦陷，失守；被打败，被征服　 come to the ground; (of a city etc.) be captured; be defeated
5. vi.失势，垮台　 lose power or a high position
6. vi. & link-v.成为，变为；进入…状态　 become; pass into
7. vi.（脸色）突然阴沉下来　 (of the face) take on a look of sadness, disappointment, shame, etc., especially suddenly
8. vi.犯罪，堕落；怀孕　 give way to wrong-doing; be pregnant
9. vi.来临；降临；下垂；说出；属于…的活动范围　 come or happen, as if by descending; hang loosely; be spoken; belong to a particular area of activity, responsibility, etc.

　curtain ～s　落幕
　night ～s　夜幕降临
　one's eyes ～　垂下眼睛
　one's face ～　脸色阴沉
　prices ～　物价下跌
　some animals ～　幼崽出生
　some buildings ～　建筑物倒塌
　some occasion ～s　时日来临
　some place ～s　某地沦陷
　spirit ～s　精神萎靡
　the land ～s　土地倾斜
　～ abruptly　突然减少
　～ accidentally　偶尔地下降
　～ aptly　恰当地减少
　～ comprehensively　全面地减少
　～ considerably　大大地下降
　～ constantly　不断地落入
　～ deeply　大幅度地减少
　～ deftly　熟练地减少
　～ dramatically　戏剧性地减少
　～ easily　不费力气地减少
　～ effectively　有效地减少
　～ essentially　必需地减少
　～ fast　下得很急
　～ fearfully　可怕地下降
　～ finally　最终地减少
　～ fitly　适度地减少
　～ fully　全面地减少
　～ gently　轻轻地飘落
　～ greatly　较大地下降
　～ heavily　猛跌
　～ impatiently　急不可耐地减少
　～ incessantly　持续不断地下降
　～ irresistibly　不可抗拒地减少
　～ logically　合理地减少
　～ markedly　明显地下降
　～ naturally　自然地减少
　～ necessarily　必要地减少
　～ obviously　明显地下降
　～ occasionally　偶尔地减少
　～ principally　主要地减少
　～ probably　可能要垮台
　～ promptly　迅速地减少
　～ quickly　降临得很快
　～ radically　根本性地减少
　～ reluctantly　不情愿地减少
　～ seriously　大为减少
　～ sharply　显著地减少
　～ slightly　略有减少
　～ slowly　慢慢地下落
　～ softly　轻轻地飘落
　～ spontaneously　自发地减少
　～ steeply　急速地落下
　～ suddenly　忽然地落下
　～ unnecessarily　不必要地下降
　～ widely　广泛地减少
　～ away　背离，离开，消失，消瘦，倾斜
　～ back　后退，后撤，撤退，退让，食言
　～ behind　落后，拖欠
　～ down　跌倒，掉下，倒坍，失败
　～ in　倒塌，下沉，集合，到期
　～ off　减退，减少
　～ out　争吵，发生，解散，掉出，掉队，结果是
　～ over　摔倒，倒在地上，被…绊倒
　～ over oneself　热衷，渴望
　～ through　落空，破产，失败，行不通
　～ across sb　偶然遇到某人
　～ among sb　与某人结交，遇见某人，落入某人之手
　～ away from duty　擅离职守
　～ away from faith　背弃信仰
　～ back into the power of　重新落入…的操纵下
　～ back on　撤退到，投靠，轻易依靠，求助于，重提
　～ behind in one's study　在学习上落后
　～ behind with one's rent　交不上房租
　～ below　降到…以下，低于
　～ beyond　属于…外，在…外
　～ down on　在…方面失败，未做到
　～ down on the examination　考试不及格
　～ down on the ground　跌到地上
　～ down the river　顺河漂下
　～ for　被…迷住，被…倾倒，受…的诱惑，受骗，接受，赞同
　～ from　由…落下，（由…口里）说出
　～ from a tree　从树上跌下
　～ from power　垮台
　～ from sb's lips　从某人口中说出来
　～ in battle　阵亡
　～ in for　得到，受到
　～ in love with　爱上，喜爱
　～ in upon　意外地遇到，访问
　～ in with　碰见，同意，和…一致，符合
　～ in with sb's desire　符合某人的愿望
　～ in with sb's proposal　赞成某人的提案
　～ inside the limits of　在…范围内
　～ into　陷入，变成，分成，开始，产生，养成，注入…中，排（队）
　～ into a problem　开始讨论问题
　～ into sb's hands　落入某人之手
　～ into the habit　养成习惯
　～ off　从…上摔（掉）下，退出
　～ off from sb　背弃某人
　～ off the chair　从椅子上摔下来
　～ on〔upon〕　落在…上，照射到…上，开始，进攻，适逢
　～ on a Sunday　适逢星期天
　～ on one's face　完全失败
　～ on the enemy　袭击敌人
　～ on the government　抨击政府
　～ out of　从…掉下来，（逐渐） 停止，不再，离（队）
　～ out of use　废弃不用
　～ out with sb　与某人闹翻
　～ to pieces　垮台，解体，（墙）垮掉，摔碎
　～ to the ground　坠落，失败，落空
　～ to thinking of　开始想起
　～ under　跌（落）在…下面，归入，属于…（一类），受到…（影响）
　～ under class A　列为甲级
　～ under sb's management　归某人管理
　～ under sb's notice　受到某人注意
　～ within　属于…（之列），适合

　The leaves begin to fall when autumn comes.　秋天来临时树叶开始落下。
　Then the curtain fell and the audience dispersed slowly.　接着幕落，观众慢慢散掉。
　The rain kept falling for a few days.　雨不停地下了几天。
　It is probable that rain will fall tomorrow.　明天大概会下雨。
　A fine drizzle is falling.　蒙蒙细雨下个不停。
　Snow is falling fast.　雪正下得急。
　He staggered and fell headlong.　他一个不小心跌倒，摔了个倒栽葱。
　When a cold wave came, the temperature fell 10℃ yesterday.　昨天寒潮袭来，气温下降了10摄氏度。
　Prices continued to fall.　物价持续下跌。
　The steel output of these countries fell drastically in July. 　7月份这些国家的钢产量急剧下降。
　A prayer was said in memory of those who fell in the war.　举行祷告是为了纪念战争中阵亡的将士。
　The city fell.　这个城市沦陷了。
　But the days dragged into spring, hopes fell.　冬去春来，希望降临。
　Darkness falls quickly in the tropics.　热带地区天黑得很快。
　Sudden silence fell.　突然静了下来。
　Her eyes fell before his steady gaze.　在他的逼视下，她双目低垂。
　Her face fell when I told her the news.　当我告诉她这个消息时，她突然沉下脸来。
　Her face fell when I told her that she was defeated in the game.　当我告诉她她在比赛中被击败了，她脸上露出沮丧的表情。
　Eve tempted Adam and he fell.　夏娃诱惑亚当，于是他堕落了。
　We had been married eight months before I fell.　我俩结婚八个月后我怀了孕。
　I guessed what was happening by the few remarks she let fall.　从她说的几句话里，我猜到正在发生什么事。
　When does the rent fall due?　租金何时到期?
　One after another, all of them fell asleep.　那些人一个接一个地睡着了。
　His horse fell lame.　他的马跛了。
　A bullet struck his head and he fell dead on the spot.　他的头部中弹，当场死亡。
　His voice choked at the painful memory and he fell silent.　这些痛苦的回忆使他声音哽咽，他沉默下来。
　The poor performance fell flat.　蹩脚的表演彻底失败了。
　His joke fell flat because nobody understood it.　他的笑话没有奏效，因为大家理解不了。
　The director fell ill in the middle of the meeting, and had to be taken to hospital.　该董事长在会议中途病了，只得被送进医院。
　After she came back home, she fell ill.　她到家里后就生病了。
　The fallen soldiers were eulogized as heroes.　阵亡的士兵被颂扬为英雄。
　The road was blocked by a fallen tree.　路被一棵倒伏的树阻塞了。
　The falling wall showered dust on us.　倒塌的墙壁弄了我们一身土。

 ♣ fall about　(v.+adv.)
　〈非正〉笑得无法自制　 not control oneself to laugh
　We fell about at grandpa's funny story.　听了爷爷讲的滑稽故事，我们忍不住大笑。
　Few people knew that the popular clown who had been making people fall about with laughter was lonely in heart.　几乎没有人知道，那位总让人们开怀大笑的小丑内心很孤独。
　They fell about when Sir. Harold slipped on the banana skin.　当哈罗德爵士踏到香蕉皮而滑了一跤时，他们大笑不止。
　They fell about laughing when they heard his funny voice.　听到他那滑稽的声音，他们都无法自制地大笑起来。
　Just the sight of the clown is enough to make you fall about laughing.　对那个小丑瞅上一眼，就足以使你大笑不止。
 ♣ fall across　(v.+prep.)
　遇到　meet
　I fell across your aunt in the street the other day.　前几天在街上我遇到过你姨母。
　I happened to fall across her the next day in the park.　第二天我在公园里偶然遇到她。
 ♣ fall against　(v.+prep.)
　绊倒　cause to stumble down
　The old man fell against the bucket.　那老人被水桶绊倒了。
 ♣ fall among　(v.+prep.)
　偶然遇到（坏人等）；偶然陷入…之中　get into the midst of; get into the hands of
　He fell among thieves and was stripped.　他遇到窃贼，所有东西都被抢走。
　Because of a renegade's betrayal, she fell among enemies.　由于叛徒的出卖，她落到了敌人的手中。
 ♣ fall apart　(v.+adv.)
　散开，崩溃，破碎　break into pieces
　Anna did what she could to keep the marriage from falling apart.　安娜尽一切可能避免婚姻破裂。
　Feudalism was falling apart.　封建制度正在土崩瓦解。
 ♣ fall at　(v.+prep.)
　在…时变成某种状态　become sth; pass into sth
　I don't think her spirits will fall at the bad news.　我想她听到这坏消息时不会情绪低落的。
 ♣ fall away　(v.+adv.)
1. 离开 leave; desert
　In a crisis, old prejudices fall away and everyone works together.　在危急关头，大家就能捐弃前嫌，同心协力。
　All his old friends fell away from him.　他的老朋友全都离开了他。
　When the rain stopped, the floods began to fall away.　雨停的时候，洪水开始退去。
2. 消瘦 lose flesh
　You'd scarcely believe anybody could fall away so rapidly.　你简直难以相信一个人会消瘦得这么快。
 ♣ fall back　(v.+adv.)
　后退，（对方因被击败而）退却　move back
　The crowd fell back to let the doctor through.　人群退后让医生走过去。
　The crowd surrounding the hurt boy fell back when the ambulance came.　救护车一到，围在受伤孩子周围的人们向后退开。
　Badly beaten, the intruders fell back in disorder.　遭到惨败之后，入侵者溃退了。
　Our attack was so vigorous that the enemy had to fall back to the river bank.　我方的进攻很猛烈，敌人只好退至河岸。
 ♣ fall back on　(v.+adv.+prep.)
　求助于，依赖，转而依靠　turn to for help (when other things fail)
　Don't fall back on others but do the job yourself.　别依赖别人，你自己干。
　If Mr. Jones can't find a job as a teacher, he can fall back on his skill as a printer.　如果琼斯先生找不到当老师的工作，他可以凭他的技术搞印刷。
　Doctors sometimes fall back on old cures.　有时医生们求助于老的疗法。
　At least we can fall back on candles if the electricity fails.　停电时我们至少可以使用蜡烛。
　The enemy fell back on the second line of defence.　敌人退守第二道防线。
 ♣ fall behind¹　(v.+adv.)
1. 落后；下降；退后 drop behind
　John has fallen behind.　约翰落后了。
　Little Tom was always falling behind when we went up the hill.　我们上山的时候，小汤姆总是落后。
　Production has fallen behind in the last few months.　前几个月产量下降了。
　Several of the runners fell behind in the race.　有几个赛跑者在比赛中落在后面了。
　The horse fell behind in the race.　那匹马在比赛中落后了。
　He didn't want to fall behind in his studies.　他不想在学习上落后。
　Andrew fell behind in his studies and failed the course.　安德鲁学习赶不上去，所修课程不及格。
　John fell behind in his studies and finally had to leave school.　约翰在学习上跟不上别人，最后只得离开学校。
　If you don't come to class regularly, you will fall behind in your studies.　如果你经常不来上课，学习成绩就会落在别人后面。
2. 逾期（付款等） fail to pay (money, etc.) on time
　If your payments of rent fall behind, you will be asked to leave.　如果你不如期交房租，你就会被撵走。
　If you fell behind in your payments, the finance company may seize your car.　假如你不能按时付款，信贷公司就可能扣你的车。
　She's very worried about falling behind with the rent.　她为拖欠租金而不安。
3. 处于较低水平 drop a low level
　The work of this class has been falling behind recently.　近来这个班的成绩一直处于较低水平。
 ♣ fall behind²　(v.+prep.)
　〔说明〕 fall behind不用于进行体。
1. 掉到…的后面 drop behind
　As the sun fell behind the mountains, the air grew colder.　当太阳落山时，空气变得凉爽起来。
2. 落后于（他人、他物） be overtaken by others; lag in pace or progress; fail to keep level with; be outstripped or left behind by
　Your work has fallen behind that of the other students.　你的功课落在其他同学后面了。
　The horse that we were hoping would win gradually fell behind the other runners.　我们希望能取胜的那匹马逐渐落在其他马后面了。
　That country has fallen behind its competitors in the manufacture of cheap cotton goods.　在生产廉价棉织品方面，那个国家已经落在它的竞争者后面。
　Their receipts are falling behind those of last year.　他们的收入少于去年。
　If you don't work hard at your English studies, you'll rest of your class.　如果你不努力学习英语你就会落后于班里其他学生。
　Tom's lessons were too difficult for him and before long he fell behind the rest of the class.　汤姆的课程对他来说太难，不久他就落后于班上的其他同学。
 ♣ fall below　(v.+prep.)
　降至…下　drop below sth
　Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃. 　温度降至摄氏零度以下时水就结冰。
 ♣ fall down　(v.+adv.)
1. 倒塌；跌倒 become a ruin; fall accidentally
　Many buildings fell down during the earthquake.　在地震中许多楼房倒塌。
　Babies often fall down when they learn to walk.　婴儿在学走路时经常摔倒。
2. 失败 become unsuccessful
　The plan fell down because it proved to be too expensive.　这项计划因费用过高而告吹。
　You are likely to fall down on your research project if you don't go to the experts for advice.　如果你不去向专家们请教，你的研究项目很可能夭折。
　You've been falling down on the job recently; is there anything troubling you?　你近来工作没做好，是不是遇到了什么麻烦?
 ♣ fall for　(v.+prep.)
1. 上当，听信 be taken in by
　If you tell him that it'll make him a lot of money, he's bound to fall for the idea.　如果你告诉他这可以赚很多钱，他定会信以为真。
2. 爱上 like; fall in love with
　They met on a trip, fell for each other, and were married six months later.　他们在一次旅行中相遇，彼此相爱，六个月后结婚了。
　He falls for every pretty girl at first sight.　他对每一位漂亮的姑娘都一见钟情。
 ♣ fall from　(v.+prep.)
1. 落下，跌落，降落 drop from; come down by force of gravity
　Leaves fell from the trees.　叶子从树上掉下。
　He fell from his horse and hurt.　他从马上摔下受了伤。
2. 说出 be spoken
　A few muttered curses fell from his lips.　他嘴里咕哝出几声低微的咒骂。
 ♣ fall in　(v.+adv.)
1. 往里倒塌，塌陷 drop to the inside direction; cave in
　The roof of the tunnel fell in.　隧道顶部塌了下来。
　The roof of the new tunnel hasn't been properly supported, it shows signs of falling in.　新隧道的顶部支撑得不好，已显出坍塌的迹象。
　The tree fell in a crash.　那树哗啦一声倒了下来。
　The roof of the burning house fell in with a crash.　着火房子的屋顶哗啦一声塌下来。
2. 集合 gather; assemble
　Fall in, men!　全体集合！
　As the bugle sounded we ran to the sports ground and fell in.　号一响，我们就跑到运动场集合站队。
　Platoon sergeants fell their men in on the barrack square.　排长们在营房广场整理队伍。
3. 同意 agree
　He made a new suggestion and I fell in immediately.　他提出一个新的建议，我立即同意了。
 ♣ fall in with　(v.+adv.+prep.)
1. 符合，与…一致 be in accord with
　He won't listen to any suggestion that doesn't fall in with his scheme.　任何与他计划不符的建议他都不会采纳。
2. 交友；碰到 make a friend; encounter
　He fell in with bad company.　他交上了狐朋狗友。
　I fell in with him at a bookstore in Shanghai.　我在上海的一家书店里碰到了他。
　Mary fell in with some of her friends downtown.　玛丽在市区偶然碰到了她的几个朋友。
　While staying in Paris we fell in with a party of Swiss tourists.　在巴黎逗留期间，我们遇到了一个来自瑞士的旅游团。
3. 同意 agree to
　He fell in with my idea at once.　他立即同意了我的意见。
　He doesn't fall in with the suggestion.　他不赞同这个建议。
　I hope you will fall in with my plan.　我希望你能同意我的计划。
　Make what arrangements you like, and I'll fall in with them.　随你怎么安排，我都同意。
　I am quite willing to fall in with anything you suggest.　不管你建议什么，我都愿意支持。
 ♣ fall into　(v.+prep.)
1. 分成 have a particular number of divisions
　The story falls into five parts.　这个故事分五集。
　The islands fall into three large groups.　这些岛屿可分为三大群。
2. 掉进，陷入 get into
　Alone in a strange city, without friends and money, he fell into despair.　他孤身一人在陌生城市，没有朋友，没有钱，陷入了绝望。
　They fell into a lively discussion of the question.　他们热烈地讨论起这个问题。
　He was so tired that he soon fell into a doze.　他疲倦得很快打起盹来。
　He fell into debt.　他欠债了。
　He has fallen into the habit of drinking.　他养成了喝酒的习惯。
　He has fallen into the habit of calling at his brother's flat on Thursday evenings.　他养成每星期四晚上拜访他兄弟的习惯。
　Words which fall into disuse may sometimes be received with a new meaning.　已经废弃不用的词有时会以新的意义再次出现。
　Don't fall into their trap!　不要上他们的圈套！
 ♣ fall off¹　(v.+adv.)
　〔说明〕 fall off不用于进行体。
1. 跌落，滚落下 move down into sth by falling or being dropped
　When you are learning to ride a bicycle, you often fall off.　初学骑自行车时，常会从车上掉下来。
　My top button has fallen off.　我衣服最上面的那颗扣子掉了。
　Hold tight to the handle bars and be careful you don't fall off.　握紧把手，当心摔下来。
　One of her shoes fell off while she was making her way through the crowd.　她从人群中挤过时，一只鞋掉了。
　Flowers fell off.　花谢了。
2. 突然降低；向下斜 become suddenly lower
　The land falls off here towards the river.　这儿的地势朝河的方向低了下去。
3. 减少 become fewer or less
　The number of students has been falling off recently.　近来学生数目越来越少了。
　Interest in the game has fallen off.　人们对这游戏已经不那么感兴趣了。
　The number of passengers by this line fell off slightly in January.　一月份这条航线的乘客数量略有减少。
　Attendance at Professor Smith's lecture fell off sharply that evening.　那晚去听史密斯教授讲演的人显著减少了。
　Members of the club has fallen off this year.　今年该俱乐部的成员减少了。
　The yield from the old strains fell off, while that from the new ones went up.　老品种的产量减低了，而新品种的产量增加了。
　Our sales have been falling off seriously during the past six months.　过去六个月我们的销售量大为减少。
　Visitors had fallen off to nothing last week.　上周游客减少了，几乎没有一个人来。
4. 变坏；恶化 become worse
　The cooking fell off remarkably.　烹饪质量大大降低。
　The quality of performance has fallen off since last year.　自去年以来，演出水平一直在下降。
　Ideological and political work should never be allowed to fall off.　思想政治工作决不允许削弱。
　He has grown rude and fallen off from what he used to be.　他变得粗鲁起来，不像从前那样有礼貌了。
　The play seems to fall off towards the end.　剧本近结尾处似乎较以前逊色。
　The cooking in our factory fell off last month, so I had to go out to have lunch.　我们工厂上月的伙食不如以前了，所以我只得到外面吃午饭。
5. 逐渐消失，消亡 die away; perish
　This old custom has fallen off here.　这一旧风俗在此地已经废弃了。
6. 不再支持；叛离 take away one's support
　Some of our most loyal members now have fallen off.　我们以前的一些最忠实的会员都背弃了我们。
7. 变瘦；（健康、精力等）衰退 become wasted; (health, vigour, etc.) decline
　He took care to keep the cattle from falling off.　他精心照料着牛群，不使它们瘦下来。
　That old woman's health began to fall off.　那老妇人的健康开始衰退了。
 ♣ fall off² 　(v.+prep.)
1. 从…（滚）落下或脱落 come off sth by falling
　A button has fallen off my coat.　我的外衣掉了一颗扣子。
　I laughed so hard I nearly fell off my chair.　我笑得差点儿从椅子上掉下来。
2. 吃惊be surprised; be amused
　I could have fallen off my chair when Kent walked in after all those years!　多年不见后，肯特突然走进来使我大吃一惊。
3. （动物）失去对…的食欲 (an animal) lose appetite for
　Give the cow a dose when she falls off her food.　这头母牛食欲不振时就给它一剂药吃。
 ♣ fall on〔upon〕　(v.+prep.)
1. 袭击 attack
　They fell on the enemy vigorously.　他们勇敢地向敌人攻击。
　The police fell upon the rioters and routed them in a matter of minutes.　警察对暴乱分子发起进攻，几分钟就把他们驱散了。
　Our army fell furiously on the city.　我军猛攻这座城市。
2. 落到，轮到 turn to
　His eyes fell on a curious object.　他的目光落在一个奇怪的物体上。
　In the word family the accent falls on the first syllable.　在family这个词中，重音落在第一个音节上。
　When anything goes wrong, the blame usually falls on his younger brother.　只要出了差错，一般都归咎于他的弟弟。
　Our commander is away, everything now falls on my shoulders.　指挥官不在，现在一切由我负责。
　Christmas Day falls on December 25.　圣诞节是在12月25号。
3. 偶然发现 come across
　I fell upon the idea while skipping through a magazine.　我在浏览一本杂志时偶然想到了这个主意。
 ♣ fall out　(v.+adv.)
1. 争吵 quarrel
　Those boys sometimes fall out when they are at play.　那些男孩子玩的时候有时会争吵起来。
　The young couple next door seem to have fallen out with each other.　隔壁那对小夫妻好像吵过架了。
2. 结果 result
　Everything fell out as we had hoped.　结果正如我们所希望的那样。
　It fell out that Group One won the 400-meter relay race.　结果第一组得了400米接力赛第一名。
3. 解散，掉队 dismiss
　Fall out, men!　全体解散！
　After we had gone a few miles, one of us fell out as a result of a sprained ankle.　我们走了几英里以后，有人因扭伤了脚踝而掉队了。
 ♣ fall out of　(v.+adv.+prep.)
　从…掉了下来　drop from
　In his sleep he let the book fall out of his hand.　他睡着时书从手中掉了下来。
　As a language grows, new words are introduced and many words fall out of use.　随着语言的发展，新词出现了，同时也有许多词被废弃不用了。
 ♣ fall over¹　(v.+adv.)
1. 意外地落下，倒下或被绊倒 tumble; become overturned
　〔说明〕 fall over作此解时不用于进行体。
　I saw the little girl fall over and hit her head.　我看到这小女孩绊倒了，碰了头。
　The child tried to build a house of cards but it soon fell over.　这孩子试着用牌搭一所房子，可是它一会儿就倒坍了。
　Don't walk too near the edge of the cliff, you might fall over.　别太靠近悬崖边缘，你会掉下去的。
　The hunter fired and the deer fell over dead.　猎人开了枪，那只鹿倒地毙命。
　Take care!Don't let the child fall over.　当心！不要让孩子跌倒。
　The moment the tiger got shot, it fell over on its side.　老虎一中弹，就侧身翻倒在地。
2. 睡着 go to sleep
　He awakened me when I had just fallen over.　我刚睡着，他就把我叫醒了。
 ♣ fall over²　(v.+prep.)
1. 意外地从（陡峭物）上跌落，掉下来 drop off or upon
　The car fell over a cliff and the driver was drowned.　轿车从悬崖上翻下来，司机溺水而亡。
　A hush fell over the onlookers.　旁观者们突然静了下来。
2. 被…绊倒 tumble over
　〔说明〕 fall over作此解时不用于进行体。
　He fell over a rock in his path.　他在小路上被一块石头绊倒了。
　When a man is drunk, he often falls over his own feet.　一个人喝醉了酒，常会绊倒自己。
3. 迫不及待做某事 do sth impatiently
　Mother fell over herself to get the party ready.　母亲急切地为聚会做准备。
　The children fell over each other to take the parcel from the postman.　孩子们争先恐后地从邮递员那儿把包裹拿过来。
4. 落在…之外 drop beyond
　The ball fell over the line.　球落在线外。
 ♣ fall over backwards　(v.+adv.+adv.)
　迫不及待（做某事）　do sth too impatient
　The students fell over backwards to finish their work on time.　学生们都渴望能按时完成作业。
　All the girls fell over backwards to get the party ready.　姑娘们迫不及待地为聚会做准备。
 ♣ fall through　(v.+adv.)
　失败　come to nothing; fail to be completed
　Owing to a heavy fall of rain, all our plans fell through.　由于下了一场大雨，我们的所有计划都泡汤了。
　The deal fell through at the last minute.　这笔交易到最后一刻落空了。
　Our holiday plans fell through because of transport strikes.　由于交通部门职工罢工，我们的假期计划落空了。
 ♣ fall to¹　(v.+adv.)
　开始吃　begin to eat
　The food was put on the table and they fell to eagerly.　食品放到桌子上，他们便吃了起来。
　The hungry boy fell to before everyone sat down.　大家还没坐下来，那个饥肠辘辘的男孩就开始吃了起来。
　When the meal was served, we fell to with a good appetite.　饭菜一端上来，我们便津津有味地吃了起来。
　After grace had been said they all fell to, and made a hearty meal.　做了感恩祷告后，他们都开始吃起来，饱餐了一顿。
 ♣ fall to²　(v.+prep.)
1. 降低到 drop so as to close
　Their voices fell to a whisper.　他们讲话的声音降至耳语。
　Finally the Second International fell to pieces.　最后第二国际解散了。
　The baby is sleeping, so they fall their voice to a whisper.　那婴儿在睡觉，所以他们把声音降成了耳语。
2. 倒在 be defeated or killed by sb/sth
　The tiger fell to the hunter's gun.　那只老虎倒在了猎人的枪口下。
　The little girl fell victim to a bomb in a fascist air raid.　那个小女孩在一次法西斯空袭中成了一枚炸弹的牺牲者。
3. 落到… have the duty to do sth
　Her look fell to the clock.　她的目光落在时钟上。
　The force of Gravity makes things fall to earth.　地球引力使物体落到地面上。
　The property will fall to the eldest son.　财产将传给长子。
　It falls to me to finish the work.　完成这项工作的任务落在我头上。
　At last, it fell to me to break the bad news to her.　最后，只能由我把这个不幸的消息委婉地告诉她。
4. 开始；被击败 begin; be defeated
　All through the competition, good players were falling to the new young tennis star.　在比赛的全过程中，许多优秀的网球手都败在这位年轻的新星手里。
　He fell to thinking about the early days and his lost friends.　他开始思念起他早年的时光和失去的朋友。
 ♣ fall under　(v.+prep.)
1. 倒在…下 drop under sth
　The old lady fell under the bus and was killed.　老夫人跌倒在公共汽车下面被轧死了。
2. 归入…类 be classified as sth
　The advertisement fell under the heading of For Sale.　这则广告登在“出售”栏下。
 ♣ fall within　(v.+prep.)
　应列入…范围内　be placed in a list or class with a heading
　Articles of this kind fall within the scope of our business activities.　此类商品在我方经营范围之内。

 ♣ fall asleep, be asleep
　参见asleep条。
 ♣ fall, descend, drop, sink
　参见drop条。
 ♣ fall short of, lack
　参见lack条。
 ♣ fall asleep, sleep
　参见sleep条。
 ♣ 下面两个句子意思不同：

1. 他失去平衡，跌倒在地上。
　［误］ He lost his balance and falled to the ground.
　［正］ He lost his balance and fell to the ground.
　［析］ fall的过去式、过去分词分别是fell, fallen，而不是falled.
2. 她摔倒在地板上，昏了过去。
　［误］ She fell unconsciously on the floor.
　［正］ She fell unconscious on the floor.
　［析］ fall作“变为…”“进入…状态”解时为系动词，后面通常跟形容词作表语，行为方式副词不可与系动词连用。
3. 你病了多久了?
　［误］ How long have you fallen ill?
　［正］ How long have you been ill?
　［析］ fall是瞬间动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。本句可改用表示延续性的动词be，也可改为it is...since...句型。
4. 夕阳西下入大河。
　［误］ The setting sun was falling into the great river.
　［正］ The setting sun was sinking into the great river.
　［析］ fall into的意思是“落入”“掉进”，指突然或瞬间的动作，不用于进行时态。
5. 你如果不当心，会跌下楼梯的。
　［误］ You'll fall down on the stairs if you're not careful!
　［正］ You'll fall down the stairs if you're not careful!
　［析］ fall down the stairs就是“跌下楼梯”的意思， down是介词，其后不用on.
6. 那婴孩从高脚椅上跌落下来。
　［误］ The baby fell off from its high-chair.
　［正］ The baby fell from its high-chair.
　［正］ The baby fell off its high-chair.
　［析］ 表示“从…跌落”时可以用fall from或fall off，在这里不能将from和off并列使用。
7. 这个士兵突然跪下投降了。
　［误］ Suddenly the soldier fell with his knees to surrender.
　［正］ Suddenly the soldier fell on his knees to surrender.
　［析］ “跪下”可译为fall on one's knees; “侧身倒下”可译为fall down on one's side.

1. C 跌落，下落，下跌　 an act of falling
2. C 降落物，降落量　 sth that has fallen
3. C 下降，降低，减少　 a decrease in quantity, price, demand, degree, etc.
4. S 掉落的距离，落差　 the distance through which anything falls
5. S 陷落；垮台；灭亡；没落　 the defeat or loss of power of a city, state, government, etc.
6. S 堕落，沦落　 a change from a life of goodness, honesty, etc. to one of immorality
7. P 瀑布　 a place where a river makes a sudden deep over; waterfall
8. S 〈美〉秋天　 autumn

　anticipate ～　预料到跌倒
　break a ～　减弱下降的力量
　gain a ～　赢一局
　get a ～　摔了一跤
　have a ～　跌下来
　suffer a ～　摔下来
　survive a ～　跌下来没有丧命
　take a ～　被打倒
　try a ～　较量
　win a ～　赢一局
　wrestle a ～　举行摔跤决赛
　bad ～　重重的一跤
　big ～　大跌价
　deadliest ～　最严重的跌跤
　disastrous ～　灾难性的下跌
　dying ～　垂暮之年
　graceful ～　美丽的秋天
　heavy ～　大雪
　light ～　小雪
　sharp ～　急剧下降
　short ～　不大的差距
　steady ～　稳定地下落
　tremendous ～　很大的落差
　virtuous ～　道德的堕落
　weary ～　消沉的堕落
　～ fashion　秋天最时髦的式样
　at the ～ of evening　在夜幕降临的时候
　in ～　在秋季
　in the ～ of 1941 　1941年秋
　on the ～　在下跌中
　a ～ from grace　失体面
　a ～ from virtue　堕落
　a ～ in demand　需求量下降
　a ～ in one's income　收入减少
　the ～ of night　夜幕的降临
　the ～ of the hills towards the sea　山坡朝海边的倾斜度
　the ～ of the leave　落叶时节，秋季
　the rise and ～ of the Roman Empire　罗马帝国的兴衰

　He suffered a fall from his horse.　他从马上摔下来。
　He asked her if she had had a fall.　他问她是否摔了一跤。
　He survived a fall of 40 feet.　他从40英尺高的地方跌下来没有丧命。
　I had a bad fall and hurt my arm.　我重重地摔了一跤摔坏了胳膊。
　He had a nasty fall on the way out of the market.　在从市场出来的路上，他重重地摔了一跤。
　He was rushed to hospital after a 20-foot fall.　他从20英尺高的地方摔下来之后立即被送往医院。
　The girl was injured by a fall.　那个女孩跌伤了。
　He was stunned by the fall.　他摔得昏了过去。
　The fall from his horse broke his arm.　他从马背上跌下来摔伤了手臂。
　I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.　我跌了这么多跤，以致全身都是青一块紫一块的。
　Owing to the war, the rent was on the fall.　由于战争房租在不断下跌。
　These small businesses have benefited greatly from the fall in interest rates.　小企业因利率下降而得到了很大的好处。
　A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.　吃一堑，长一智。
　Pride goes before a fall.　骄兵必败。
　The fall of the city followed heavy bombardment.　城市受到猛烈轰炸后沦陷。
　Even the fall of France in May 1940 failed to awaken us.　甚至1940年5月法国的沦陷也未能使我们警醒。
　After the fall of France, Britain was really up against it.　法国沦陷后，英国处境的确困难。
　That debate led to the government's fall.　那场辩论导致政府垮台。
　He took his first serious fall at 14 for auto theft.　他14岁时盗窃汽车是他的第一次失足。
　The world was blessed place before the Fall.　世界在人类堕落之前本是一块福地。
　The falls are thirty feet high.　那瀑布有30英尺高。
　These falls are used to provide electric power.　这些瀑布被利用来发电。
　They went fishing below the falls and caught half a dozen trout.　他们去瀑布下面钓鱼，钓到了六七条鲑鱼。
　Her hair looks a brown falls.　她的头发看上去就像褐色的瀑布。
　We visited the Niagara Falls in the fall of 1990.　我们在1990年秋天参观了尼亚加拉大瀑布。
　Have you ever heard of the Falls of Niagara?　你听说过尼亚加拉瀑布吗?
　As fall turns into winter, other changes take place.　秋去冬来还会发生其他变化。
　Aunt put up a dozen cans of tomato sauce last fall.　去年秋天姑妈做了12瓶番茄酱。
　Winter comes after fall.　秋去冬来。
　Life starts all over again when it gets crisp in the fall.　秋天一到，天高气爽，生活就又重新开始了。
　It happened in the fall of 1966.　那件事发生在1966年秋。
　If you expect to enter college in the fall, you should apply now.　如果你希望秋季上大学，现在就应该申请了。

 ♣ ride for a fall
　鲁莽行事，自找麻烦　take a course that is likely to lead to disaster
　In my opinion, anyone who invests money in that new company is riding for a fall.　依我之见，在那家新公司投资的任何人都是在自讨苦吃。
　The young man has annoyed almost all his fellow workers—I'm sure he's riding for a fall.　这位青年已惹恼了几乎所有的同事——我敢肯定他是在自讨苦吃。
　The student who does not study for exams is riding for a fall.　不努力准备考试的学生是自取其咎。

 ♣ fall, autumn
　参见autumn条。

　秋天树叶会变黄。
　［误］ Leaves turn yellow in fall.
　［正］ Leaves turn yellow in the fall.
　［析］ fall作“秋天”解时其前一般要加定冠词the.

1. fall作“秋天”解是由短语the fall of the leaf缩略而来。早年英美均用fall表示“秋天”，后来英国人用autumn取代了fall，而美国人则沿袭使用至今。
2. 在俚语中， fall也可作“逮捕”解。例如：
　Another fall meant a life sentence.　再被抓获的话就意味着要判无期徒刑了。

　［同义词］ v. descend, drop, dip, dive, plunge, sink, tumble, belong to, devolve, pass n. collapse, cut, decline, decrease, ruin, sin
　［反义词］ v. rise, soar n. rise
　［词源］　古英语feallan（落）