1. C 头，头部　 the part of the body which contains the eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and the brain
2. C 领导，首脑　 sb who is in control of a place, organization, etc.; a ruler or leader
3. S 上端，顶部，前端　 a part at the top of an object which is different of, separate from the body
4. S 人，个人　 a person
5. S （牛、羊等）头数　 individual animal in a herd or flock
6. S 头脑，智力　 ability to reason; intellect; imagination; mind

　beat sb's ～ off　彻底战胜某人
　bury one's ～ in the sand　闭眼不看即将来临的危险
　count ～s　清点人数
　cut off sb's ～　割下某人的头
　eat one's ～ off　贪吃
　give one's ～ for the washing　俯首受辱
　go to sb's ～　使某人兴奋，冲昏某人的头脑
　hang one's ～　把头低下来
　have a ～ on one's shoulders　有见识
　have a good ～　有头脑
　have a hard ～　头脑顽固
　have a long ～　有远见
　hide one's ～　把头藏起来
　hold one's ～high　趾高气扬，扬眉吐气
　keep one's ～　保持镇静
　keep one's ～ above water　免遭灭顶之灾，（考试）能及格，（生意）能维持
　knock ～　叩头
　knock ～s together　使两人的头相撞，用武力制止两人争吵
　knock one's ～ against a post　头撞在柱子上
　knock sb's ～ off　轻易胜过某人
　lay our ～s together　聚在一起商量
　laugh one's ～ off　狂笑不已
　lift up one's ～　振作起来
　lose one's ～　丧命，慌乱
　make ～ against　迎头痛击
　make ～ against all difficulties　战胜一切困难
　make ～ against the storm　（船等）顶着风暴前进
　make ～ with sth　使某事有进展
　put ～s together　商议，图谋
　put a ～ on sb　击败某人
　put one's ～ out of the window　把头伸出窗外
　put sth out of one's ～　不再想某事
　raise one's ～　抬起头
　rest one's ～ on the pillow　把头靠在枕头上
　run one's ～ against a wall　试图干不可能的事
　run one's ～ off　狂笑不已
　shake one's ～　摇头
　show one's ～　到场，出现
　talk sb's ～ off　谈个不休使某人厌烦
　turn one's ～　回头，头脑发热
　use one's ～　动脑筋
　big ～　大脑袋
　clear ～　清醒的头脑，头脑清楚
　good ～　头脑聪明
　grey ～　长有灰白发的人，白发老人
　thick ～　傻瓜，笨蛋
　white ～　白发苍苍的人
　wooden ～　呆头呆脑的人
　business ～　经济头脑
　mathematics ～　数学头脑
　department ～　部门主任
　family ～　户主
　figure ～　挂名首脑，傀儡
　household ～　户主
　by ～ and ears　粗暴地
　taller by a ～　高出一头
　from ～ to foot　从头到脚，全身
　feel a pain in one's ～　头痛
　be light in the ～　头晕，头脑简单
　be weak in the ～　不大聪明
　be off one's ～　神经错乱
　on one's ～　在头上，四脚朝天地，归罪于某人
　blow sb on the ～　击某人的头
　strike sb on the ～　击某人的头
　out of one's ～　精神错乱
　over sb's ～　超越某人的理解力
　～ to ～　头对头，交头接耳地
　～ for a political problem　政治头脑
　a ～ of hair　一头头发
　～ of a table　餐桌的首位
　～ of state　国家元首
　～ of the household　户主
　～ of the list　名单之首

　Tom got angry at his brother and aimed a heavy book at his head.　汤姆对他弟弟大发雷霆，拿起一本厚厚的书对准弟弟的头掷去。
　The old man arrived, bearing a large bundle on his head.　那位老人到达时，头上顶着个大包包。
　Maria bent her head instinctively to avoid being recognized.　玛丽亚本能地垂下头，以免被人认出。
　I lifted my head and looked up. Red flags were flying from the top of the pass.　我抬头望去，只见山顶上红旗招展。
　We lifted our heads to breathe in the fresh, clear air.　我们抬起头，吸进清洁的新鲜空气。
　The electric fan blew hot air about our heads.　电扇在我们头周围吹起热风。
　But at last the shells cracked, one after another. One little head after another appeared.　最后，一个一个的蛋壳终于裂开了，一个又一个的小脑袋也露了出来。
　A passing lorry covered us in mud from head to foot.　一辆驰过的卡车溅了我们一身泥。
　The original founder is still head of the organization.　原先的创立者现在仍然是这个组织的领导。
　Bill was appointed head of the election committee when the government crisis was over.　政府危机结束后，比尔被任命为选举委员会主席。
　The head of the workshop ordered that the work should be finished in two days.　车间主任下令这项工作必须在两天之内完成。
　Let us send the finished products to the head of the workshop to be checked.　我们把成品送到车间主任那里，让他检验一下吧。
　They advanced him over the heads of his seniors.　他们将他的职务晋升到高于他许多前辈的位置上。
　I waited at the head of the queue.　我在队伍的最前头等候着。
　He climbed to the head of his class.　在班上他已名列前茅。
　Write your address at the head of this page.　把你的住址写在纸的上端。
　You'd better equip your bicycle with a head light.　你最好在你的自行车上装个前灯。
　The head post office fronts the railway station.　邮政总局面朝火车站。
　I did a quick head count and discovered that one member of the class was missing.　我迅速清点人数，发现班上不见了一个人。
　It costs about 10 pounds a head to eat there.　在那里吃饭每人要花10英镑。
　He has twenty head of cattle on the farm.　他在农场养了20头牛。
　Two hundred head of cattle were killed this morning.　今天上午宰了200头牛。
　His brother has a good head for mathematics.　他弟弟有个很好的数学头脑。
　He should go in for accounting because he has a good head for figures.　他应从事会计工作，因为他具有计算的才能。
　She being a modest woman her head was by no means turned by the acclaim which broke over her.　她很谦虚，赞扬声像浪潮般向她袭来，她也不会被冲昏头脑。

 ♣ above〔over〕 sb's head
　太高深而使人难以理解　beyond sb's ability to understand
　The only magazine in the waiting room was a scientific journal full of technical jargon above my head.　候诊室里唯一的杂志是一份全是术语的科学期刊，我看不懂。
　The lecture was a bit over their heads.　这演讲过于深奥了一点，他们不能理解。
 ♣ bang〔knock〕 one's head against a brick wall
　白费力气　do sth to no avail
　I've tried five times to explain how to use the machine but he still cannot do it, I'm just banging my head against a brick wall.　该如何使用机器，我已经讲解了五次，但他仍然不会操作，简直是白费力气。
　Trying to make him change his mind is just knocking your head against a brick wall.　要想使他改变主意真是枉费心机。
 ♣ bang〔knock〕 sb's heads together
　用武力制止争吵　threat to put an end to a dispute
　If you two boys don't stop quarrelling immediately, I'll bang your heads together.　如果你们两个男孩不马上停止争吵，我就要使用武力制止你们的争吵了。
 ♣ bring to a head
　（使）时机成熟，濒临危急关头　bring to a point where sth must be done or decided
　The assassination of the president brought matters to a head.　总统遭暗杀使事态到了严重关头。
　Matters have been brought to a head in the peace talks; tomorrow they will either succeed or fail.　和平谈判已到紧要关头，成败系于明天的会谈。
 ♣ come to a head
　时机成熟，濒临危急关头　come to a point where sth must be done or decided
　The long-standing dispute about working conditions finally came to a head when the workforce voted for strike action.　关于工作条件的长期争论终于达到了白热化的程度，工人们投票赞成罢工。
 ♣ eat one's heads off
　〈口〉吃大量的食物　 eat a large amount of food
　There are two horses in the stable, eating their heads off and doing no work.　马厩里有两匹马，吃得多，不干活。
　The children came in an hour ago from their long walk, and now they're in the dining room eating their heads off.　孩子们走了很长的路，一小时前刚到，现在正在餐厅里大吃呢。
　When boys get to the age of fifteen or sixteen they eat their heads off.　男孩子到了十五六岁的年龄，食量大得吓人。
　They ate their heads off at the banquet, with so much food around.　宴会上东西那么多，他们吃得简直要把肚皮都撑破了。
 ♣ get into one's head
　充分理解，明白；熟记　grasp an idea; memorize
　Can't you get it into your head that it is dangerous to ride a motorbike without wearing protective clothing?　难道你不明白骑摩托车不穿防护衣有危险吗?
　I have difficulty learning French irregular verbs; I just can't seem to get them into my head.　我学法语的不规则动词有困难，我似乎无法记住。
 ♣ go off one's head
　发疯的，精神错乱的　go mad; lose control of one's reason
　When I told my husband how much my new coat cost he said I must have gone off my head to spend so much.　当我把我的新外套花了多少钱告诉丈夫时，他说花那么多钱我一定发疯了。
 ♣ head over heels
　完全地，全部地　completely; totally
　Now that I've paid the tax demand and the children's school fees, I'll be head over heels in debt for the next six months.　由于我已缴了应纳的税和孩子们的学杂费，在以后的6个月中我将债台高筑。
 ♣ hold one's head high〔up〕
　昂首，不垂头丧气　be proud; be unashamed
　Now that the case against me has been dismissed, I can once again hold my head up in public.　由于对我不利的判决已经撤销，我可以重新在公共场合昂首挺胸了。
 ♣ keep one's head
　保持冷静　remain calm
　If you can keep your head when all about you are losing theirs and blaming it on you.　当你周围的人都头脑发热并对你横加指责时，但愿你能保持冷静。
 ♣ keep one's head above water
　使自己免于负债　remain out of debt
　With high interest rates and a wage freeze, many householders are only just managing to keep their heads above water.　由于实行高利率和工资冻结措施，许多户主只能是使自己免于负债。
 ♣ not know whether one is on one's head or one's heels
　不能理解；被…弄糊涂　be unable to understand; be completely confused by
　It was hectic at work today, I had so many phone calls and queries to answer that I didn't know whether I was on my head or my heels.　今天的工作真紧张，我要接的电话和要回答的问题太多了，我真不知所措。
 ♣ off the top of one's head
　不假思索　without thinking
　I don't know the exact number of people who have been invited but off the top of my head I should think there will be about forty.　我不知道被邀请者的确切数字，但不用思索我认为会有40人左右。
 ♣ old head on young shoulders
　年轻而有见识（的人），人小鬼大　wisdom in youth
　Young Mark seems very knowledgeable and experienced for his age—definitely an old head on young shoulders.　年轻的马克似乎比他同龄的人更有知识和经验——确切地说，他是一个年轻而有见识的人。
 ♣ on one's head
　由某人负责　on one's responsibility
　I don't approve of your getting married so young, but if you're determined to do so it's on your own head.　我不同意你这么年轻就结婚，但是如果你决意这样做的话，那么一切就由你自己负责。
 ♣ put one's heads together
　共同商量　think out a plan with other people
　I don't know as much about the theoretical side as you do, I'm more of a practical person. But if we put our heads together we should be able to find a solution to the problem.　我不像你，我理论方面懂得不多，我是个实干的人。不过如果我们共同商量，我们应该能够找到解决问题的办法。
 ♣ put out of one's head
　放弃某念头　deliberately forget
　I had considered becoming a model, but I soon put the idea out of my head when I got married and started a family.　我曾想要当一个模特，但我结婚有了家庭后马上就放弃了那个念头。
 ♣ standing on one's head
　十分容易　effortlessly; with ease
　It's your best subject and you should be able to pass the exam standing on your head.　那是你学得最好的科目，你应该能够毫不费力地通过考试。
　I know I could do that job standing on my head.　我知道我可以不费吹灰之力就把那个工作做好。
 ♣ turn sb's head
　使某人爱慕　make sb fall in love
　Her beauty had quite turned his head.　她的美貌还真使他神魂颠倒。

 ♣ head, chief, chieftain, president
　参见president条。

1. 他们卖给这个国家600万头马、牛和羊。
　［误］ They sold six million heads of horses, cattle and sheep to the state.
　［正］ They sold six million head of horses, cattle and sheep to the state.
　［析］ head用来表示动物数量时，不管前面的数字为多少， head总是用单数形式。
2. 他在语言方面有才能。
　［误］ He has a good head to language.
　［正］ He has a good head for language.
　［析］ 表示“在…方面有才能”时，不能用介词to，而须用for.
3. 他的爸爸敲打他的头。
　［误］ His father struck his head.
　［正］ His father struck him on the head.
　［析］ “敲打某人的头”要用strike sb on the head来表示。

1. head表示抽象概念时，有时即使前面带有复数形式的所有格，也可以不加s，但作为具体概念时要加s. 例如：
　They gave their lives for their country, and now they have no roof over their head.　他们不惜为国家献出生命，可是现在他们连住房都没有。
　The company will pay the rent, keep a roof over our heads.　公司会为我们付房租，使我们有住处。
2. head在现代英语中还可作“思考”解。例如：
　The work is worth your while. Give it some head.　这个活儿是值得你干的。想一想吧。

1. vt.带领；居…之首；主管　 lead; be at the front of; be in charge of
2. vi.朝…行进；长出头　 move in a certain direction; (of plants) form a head
3. vt. & vi.用头顶球　 strike (a ball) with the head

　～ a firm　主管公司
　～ team　主管球队
　～ the list　位于名单之首
　～ the procession　位于队伍之前
　～ back　转身，折回，朝…进发
　～ off　使改变方向，阻挡，拦截（某人），防止…发生
　～ up　领导或主管（某个团体）
　～ after　追赶
　～ for　朝…进发，会遭到

　You are heading north.　你们在往北行进。
　The crowd is heading eastward, believing that they can find gold there.　人群正在向东移去，他们认为在那里可以找到黄金。
　He realized that he was heading in the wrong direction.　他意识到走错了方向。
　His name heads the list.　他的名字居名单之首。
　Their cars headed the funeral procession.　他们的车队在葬礼队伍的最前面。
　He will head a firm.　他将主管一家公司。
　When the president died, the vice president was chosen to head the firm.　总裁去世后，大家选举副总裁为公司主管领导。
　The delegation was headed by our Foreign Minister.　这个代表团由我们的外交部长任团长。

 ♣ head after　(v.+prep.)
　开始追赶…　begin to chase (usually sb)
　If you head after the robbers now, you might catch them before they leave the town limits.　如果现在追赶盗贼，你们可能在他们跑出城区之前逮住他们。
 ♣ head away from　(v.+adv.+prep.)
　向（某地点）的反方向移动，运动　move in the opposite direction to (sth such as a place)
　Heading away from the mountains, I soon found an easier path leading downhill to the village.　我背着山走了不久，就发现了一条通往该村的比较平坦的下山小路。
 ♣ head back　(v.+adv.)
　转身，折回　turn round; begin to return
　We ought to be heading back if we want to reach home before dark.　如果我们想天黑前到家，现在该往回走了。
 ♣ head for〔toward〕　(v.+prep.)
1. 朝…进发 aim to travel in the direction of (usually a place)
　We saw him heading for us, so we stepped aside.　我们看见他向我们走来，就让到一边。
　We got on a bus and headed toward Dover.　我们登上了一辆公共汽车朝多佛方向驶去。
　They headed the boat toward the shore.　他们把船驶向岸边。
2. 〈非正〉引向好〔坏〕结果 cause to encourage (sth good or bad effect) to happen
　〔说明〕 head for〔toward〕作此解时常用于进行体，不用于被动结构。
　You're heading for an accident if you drive after drinking alcohol.　如果你酒后开车就会招致车祸。
　You are heading for trouble if you go on behaving like that.　你要还是那样胡来，就是在自找麻烦。
　The firm will head toward bankruptcy unless a new manager is elected.　如果再不选出新的经理，这个公司就会破产。
 ♣ head in　(v.+prep.)
　用头把（球）顶入球门　(in football) send (the ball) into the goal with one's head
　The centre forward headed the ball in goal.　中锋用头把球顶入球门。
　He scored by heading the ball in goal during the last two minutes of the match.　比赛最后两分钟，他顶球入门得分。
 ♣ head into　(v.+prep.)
　迎着（风等）而行　take a course facing the direction of (usually the wind)
　It looks as though we're heading into a storm; let's stop here in this town overnight and wait till it has passed.　看来我们正在迎着风暴行驶，咱们在这个城市住一晚，等风暴过后再走。
 ♣ head off¹　(v.+adv.)
1. 使改变方向；阻挡，拦截（某人） cause to move in a different direction; travel in front of (sb), cutting across his course, usually so as to stop him
　They were running towards the house, but we headed them off by calling from the field.　他们正朝着那幢房子跑去，但是我们从地里一喊，使他们改变了方向。
　Whenever mother starts to talk about something that Jane is sensitive about, we try to head her off onto another subject.　每逢母亲谈及使简敏感的事，我们都尽量把她引向其他的话题。
　If you take the next turning to the right, you'll be able to head them off at the big crossroad.　如果你在下一个转弯处向右转，你就能在大的十字路口拦住他们。
2. 防止…发生 prevent (sth unpleasant, or sb from reaching an unpleasant subject)
　He restrained himself in order to head off a quarrel.　他为了避免发生争吵而克制住自己。
　You will have to speak to both groups of men quickly if you want to head off a nasty disagreement.　如果你想避免一场令人讨厌的争执，就必须跟两方的人谈一谈。
 ♣ head off²　(v.+prep.)
　防止…发生　prevent (sth unpleasant, or sb from reaching an unpleasant subject)
　We tried our best to head Henry off the topic, because we knew he'd reveal confidential information.　我们竭力把亨利从那个话题上扯开，因为我们知道那样谈下去他会泄露机密。
 ♣ head to　(v.+prep.)
1. 引至，通到 lead to
　The girl headed her little sister to the school.　姐姐把小妹妹领到学校。
2. 〈非正〉引出好〔坏〕结果 cause to encourage (sth good or bad) effect
　〔说明〕 head to作此解时不用于进行体，也不用于被动结构。
　Disobeying the law can head to trouble.　不守法可能会引起麻烦。
 ♣ head up　(v.+adv.)
1. 在…前面 go ahead of sth
　A band headed up the parade.　一个乐队走在游行队伍的前面。
2. 领导或主管（某个团体） lead (a group)
　She heads up the Student Union.　她主管学生会的工作。
　Who is the best person to head up the special committee?　特别委员会负责人的最佳人选是谁?
3. （植物）长大 (of a plant) form a complete part, as of head or ears
　When the green vegetables head up, we'll pick what we need and give the rest to our neighbours.　蔬菜长大后，我们将采下我们所需要的，把其余的送给邻居们。
4. （报社）为（某专栏）安排大字标题 supply a headline for (a page)
　One of my jobs at the newspaper office was to head up the page before it was printed.　我在报社的工作之一是在该页付印前标出标题。
 ♣ heads up　(v.+adv.)
　小心　be careful
　〔说明〕 heads up一般用于祈使句，且口语中常见。
　Heads up, boys!A train is coming.　孩子们，当心点，火车开过来了。

 ♣ head for, head to
　这两个短语中介词不同，意义用法也都不同：
1. head for的意思是“引向某地〔某人〕”，而head to则是“引出…结果”。
2. 在用法方面， head for常用于进行体；head to一般不用于进行体。
 ♣ head up, heads up
　这两个短语中的head一个是单数形式，一个是复数形式，但词义和用法完全不同。head up的意思是“在…前面”“领导或主管…”；而heads up的意思是“小心，当心”。head up在句中作谓语，而heads up则在口语中用于独立祈使句。

　他们正前往芝加哥。
　［误］ They are all heading to Chicago.
　［正］ They are all heading for Chicago.
　［析］ head表示“开往或前往（某地）”的意思时，后面应跟介词for表示目的地，而不能用to.

　［同义词］ n. block, chief, leader, source v. direct, lead
　［词源］　古英语heafod（头）