1. vt. & vi.运转，操作　 work; be in action
2. vt.经营，管理　 manage
3. vt. & vi.开刀，（对…)做手术　 cut the body in order to set right or remove a diseased part

　～ a lathe　开车床
　～ radical changes　引起了剧烈变化
　～ small factories　办小型工厂
　～ the machine　开这部机器
　～ continuously　不停地运转
　～ deftly　熟练地操作
　～ disastrously　灾难性地操作
　～ discreetly　小心地操作
　～ economically　经济上地经营
　～ efficiently　运转效率相当高
　～ formally　正式经营
　～ informally　非正式地经营
　～ injuriously　有害地操作
　～ insidiously　不知不觉地经营
　～ laboriously　吃力地操作
　～ legally　合法经营
　～ logically　逻辑性经营
　～ mechanically　机械地操作
　～ mentally　专心经营
　～ particularly　特殊地操作
　～ primarily　重要地操作
　～ properly　正常运转
　～ recklessly　不顾后果地操作
　～ resolutely　果断地操作
　～ scientifically　科学地操作
　～ skillfully　技术性地操作
　～ successfully　成功地操作
　～ symbolically　象征性地操作
　～ against　违背，对…不利
　～ against the growth of　影响…的成长
　～ at below 80% 　（工厂）开工率不到80%
　～ by electricity　靠电来开动
　～ on　对…起作用
　～ on the principle of　根据…原理工作，以…为工作原理
　～ to sb's advantage　（法律，规则）对某人有利
　～ for　做…的手术
　～ on　给…做手术
　～ on a patient　为病人动手术

　The lift was not operating properly.　这电梯运转不正常。
　Now regular bus services operate between the two cities.　现在两座城市间已有公共汽车定期开行了。
　This law operates universally.　这个规律是普遍起作用的。
　It may be necessary to operate.　也许需要开刀。
　The doctor decided to operate at once.　医生决定立刻动手术。
　The medicine will operate in ten minutes.　十分钟后药就会见效。
　It has been proved that various causes operated to bring about the accident.　已经证实引起这次事故的原因是多方面的。
　His job is to operate this machine.　他的工作就是开这部机器。
　The company operates three factories.　这家公司经营三家工厂。

 ♣ operate against　(v.+prep.)
1. 违背 work against sth/sb
　His actions operated against the principles of freedom.　他的行为与自由的原则相违背。
　His behaviour in the committee meeting operated against the chairman.　他在委员会议上的表现与主席对立。
2. 施行反对… fulfil planned actions against the enemy
　The secret service operated against the enemy during the war.　在战争期间对敌开展地下工作。
 ♣ operate from　(v.+prep.)
　从…开始　do one's work using a place as a base
　The general operated from a tent on the battlefield.　将军在战地帐篷中进行指挥。
　The company is presently operating from London, but is planning to move to the country.　该公司目前以伦敦为基地开展业务活动，但正计划搬迁到乡下去。
 ♣ operate on〔upon〕　(v.+prep.)
1. 给…做手术 (of a doctor) cut sb or part of the body in an attempt to heal him〔her〕 or it
　This famous doctor has operated on many important people.　这位名医为许多重要人物做过手术。
　The surgeons operated upon him for a tumour.　外科医生为他施行了肿瘤切除手术。
　I'm afraid that your leg will have to be operated on, there's no other way to stop the pain.　恐怕你的腿得做手术，没有其他办法止痛。
　My father is a doctor, he operated a patient on the head last night.　我父亲是医生。他昨晚上给一个病人做了头部手术。
2. 产生作用 start to have effect
　The tractor operates on diesel oil.　拖拉机用柴油开动。
　These reasons operated on the mind of the hearer.　这些道理在听者思想上产生了作用。
　The medicine will quickly operate on such patients.　这种药很快就会在这种病人身上起作用。

 ♣ operate, function, work
　参见work条。
 ♣ operate, manage, run
　三者都表示“经营”“管理”。它们的区别是：
1. operate含所有人与代理人共同经营的意思。
2. manage指对经营的工厂、商店等全面的监督，包括处理问题和日常事务，但不一定拥有所有权。例如：
　She managed the shop while the owner was away.　店主出门去的时候，她照管商店。
　She manages the money very well.　她理财有方。
3. run指使经营管理的工厂、企业等运转起来，多为自筹资金，拥有所有权。例如：
　Mr. Smith runs a grocery shop.　史密斯先生经营一家杂货店。
　They ran the nurseries extremely well.　他们把托儿所办得很好。

　医生决定马上给病人做手术。
　［误］ The doctor decided to operate the patient right away.
　［正］ The doctor decided to operate on the patient right away.
　外科医生为她施行了肿瘤切除手术。
　［误］ The surgeons operated on her a tumour.
　［正］ The surgeons operated on her for a tumour.
　［析］ operate作“对…施行手术，对…开刀”解时须接介词on，再接某人，即operate on sb结构。在表达“为某人施某种手术”时，则用介词for来引出“某种手术”，即operate on sb for sth结构。

　［同义词］ act, go, handle, manage, perform, run, serve, use, work
　［词源］　拉丁语operatus（工作，劳作）