C 犁 a farming tool with a heavy cutting blade for breaking up and turning over the earth in fields, especially so that seeds can be planted

　beat ～　种田
　drive ～　驾犁
　follow ～　务农
　hold ～　扶犁
　pull ～　拉犁
　at ～　在田中
　under ～　在耕作下

　Ploughs are pulled by tractors, or in some countries by oxen.　犁由拖拉机牵引，在一些国家则用牛来拉。
　He that by the plough would thrive himself must either hold or drive.　想靠犁杖过好日子的人必须亲自扶犁或亲自驾驭牲口。
　All were busily engaged, men at their ploughs, women at their looms.　大家都很忙，男的耕田，女的织布。
　He decided to follow plough, and his younger brother to follow the sea.　他决定务农，弟弟决定航海。
　He has a very large acreage under the plough.　他有很大面积的耕地。
　We possess ten acres of plough.　我们拥有10英亩耕地。

 ♣ put〔set〕 one's hand to the plough
　着手工作　begin to work
　When Paul inherited his father's business he did little for the first six months. But as soon as he put his hand to the plough, he made a bit success of it.　保罗继承父业后前6个月没做什么事，但他一做起来就大获成功。
　No man, having set his hand to the plough and looking back, is fit for the kingdom of God.　业已着手工作而又频频回顾的人不配生活在上帝的王国。

1. vt. & vi.用犁耕田；耕　 turn over the earth with a plough
2. vt. & vi.开路；破浪前进；艰苦前进　 force a way or make a track

　～ the field　耕田
　～ the waves　破浪前进
　～ annually　每年一次地犁耕
　～ deeply　深深地犁耕
　～ discreetly　小心地犁耕
　～ extensively　广泛地犁耕
　～ incessantly　不断地犁耕
　～ laboriously　努力地犁耕
　～ particularly　特殊地犁耕
　～ purposefully　有目的地犁耕
　～ quickly　快速地破浪前进
　～ back　把…再投资
　～ down　犁倒，把…犁入土中
　～ in　用犁翻入土中
　～ out　用犁翻出
　～ out weeds　犁掉杂草
　～ under　用犁将某物埋入土中
　～ up ground　翻耕
　～ up roots　用犁翻根
　～ in home garden　在庭园中翻耕
　～ through mud　在泥泞中跋涉
　～ with wrinkles　布满皱纹

　The farmer ploughed all day.　那农民整天犁地。
　Farmers plough in autumn or spring.　农民在秋天或春天犁田。
　After they had got in the wheat, they set about ploughing.　他们收了麦子，接着开始翻地。
　The field ploughs well after the rain.　雨后土地易耕。
　Hard earth doesn't plough well.　硬地不好翻。
　The great ship ploughed across the ocean.　巨轮在大洋中破浪前进。
　The wrinkles ploughed in her face by time.　时光在她脸上犁出皱纹。
　The farmer ploughed the field before he planted the corn.　农民先把地耕了，然后再种上玉米。
　Our gunboats are ploughing the waves.　我军炮艇正在破浪前进。
　I ploughed my finals.　我期末考试不及格。

 ♣ plough back　(v.+adv.)
1. 把…犁入土中 return (the remains of a crop) to the earth with a plough
　After the vegetable crop had been picked, there were a lot of loose leaves lying on the field, so the farmer ploughed them back to enrich the soil.　蔬菜收获后，田里留下许多散落的菜叶，农夫便把它们犁入土中作肥料。
2. 用…再投资 return (money earned) into a business so as to increase it
　They ploughed their profits back into further investment.　他们将利润用于再投资。
　There's very little to show for the first year's work as we have ploughed back all the profits into methods of increasing trade next year.　拿不出什么来表明第一年的利润所得，我们决定将钱投入到第二年的贸易计划中去。
 ♣ plough in　(v.+adv.)
　犁入土中　bury; mix (sth such as the remains of a crop or chemical) with the earth with a plough
　After the wheat crop has been gathered, many farmers burn the remains and plough the ash in, so as to enrich the soil.　收割小麦之后，许多农民把残剩的麦秆烧掉，再用犁把灰混入土中，以便使土壤肥沃。
 ♣ plough into　(v.+prep.)
1. 用犁把…犁入土中 bury, mix sth with the earth with a plough
　After the wheat crop has been gathered, many farmers burn the remains and plough the ash into the soil, so as to enrich the soil.　割完小麦后，许多农夫把麦秸烧掉，并把灰烬埋入土中，以增加土壤肥力。
　The stalks are left to be ploughed into the earth for the next planting.　作物的秆被留着以便犁入土中作下次播种的肥料。
2. 积极投入工作 start to work actively
　He ploughed into his work and finished it in a few hours.　他起劲地工作，几个小时就做完了。
　If I really plough into my studies now, I should be ready for the examination.　假如从现在起我要是真正地用功学习的话，就可以为考试做好准备。
3. 冲入；冲 到 rush into; flush into
　The car went out of control and ploughed into the side of a bus.　那小轿车失控，拦腰撞上了一辆公共汽车。
　The van's brakes failed, and it ploughed into a crowd of people.　运货车的刹车失灵，一下子冲入人群。
4. 对…进行投资 invest in sth again
　In the last ten years Imperial Oil had ploughed a billion dollars into the Canadian economy.　最近10年间帝国石油公司为加拿大经济投入了10亿美元资金。
　The huge sums of money which were ploughed into the project soon began to pay off.　投资到这项工程的大笔钱没过多久便开始盈利。
 ♣ plough on　(v.+adv.)
1. 继续用犁翻地 continue to turn the earth with a plough
　If we plough on until it's dark, we should get this field finished.　如果我们一直犁到天黑，就可以把这块地犁完了。
2. 坚持不懈 continue or advance with determination
　We must plough on somehow in spite of all the difficulties.　尽管困难重重，我们仍需坚持下去。
 ♣ plough out　(v.+adv.)
　用犁犁出　uncover (sth buried) with a plough
　Halfway across the field, the farmer ploughed out some very large stones which nearly broke his machine.　这个农民在地里犁地犁到半路的时候，犁出一些很大的石头，它们几乎弄坏了他的机器。
 ♣ plough through　(v.+prep.)
1. 钻研 study intensively
　We've ploughed through all the documents that can possibly have a bearing on this case.　我们已费力地查阅了可能与此案有关的一切文件。
2. 艰难前进 force a way
　The ship ploughed through the sea toward port.　那艘船在海里破浪前进，驶向港口。
　The prospecting team ploughed their way through the snow.　探险队排雪前进。
　We ploughed our way through the crowd in front of the theater.　我们费力地穿过戏院门前的人群朝前走。
 ♣ plough under　(v.+adv.)
1. 用犁将某物翻入土中 bury (sth) in the earth with a plough
　This crop furnishes hay and perhaps some pasturage before it is ploughed under.　这种庄稼在被犁掉之前，可以提供干草，或许还可以提供一些牧草。
　When the forest was cleared, a lot of small branches were ploughed under.　在砍伐森林时，人们用犁把许多小树枝翻入土中。
2. 〈美·非正〉毁灭，破灭 destroy
　All our hopes for winning the election were ploughed under when the votes were counted.　在清点得票数时，我们对赢得这场选举所抱的全部希望都破灭了。
 ♣ plough up　(v.+adv.)
1. 用犁将…翻起 break up sth with a plough
　There is a good chance in this area that you might plough up some valuable ancient coins.　在这块土地上你很有可能用犁翻出一些值钱的古代钱币。
　The meadow's been ploughed up.　那片草地已用犁翻过。
2. 用犁翻土，像犁那样翻（地） turn over the earth in (an area such as a field) with or as with a plough
　The wild boar ploughs the earth up like a furrow, and does irreparable damage in the cultivated lands.　这只公野猪把土翻得像犁沟似的，给这些耕地造成了不可弥补的损失。
　All the fields are now ploughed up, ready for the seeds.　全部土地都翻耕过了，可以播种。

　［词源］　中古英语ploh（犁）