1. 粗糙的 having an uneven surface; not smooth
2. 粗野的，粗暴的 showing a lack of gentleness, good manners, or
　consideration etc.
3. 混乱的，暴乱的，喧闹的 not gentle or tuneful
4. 艰难的，不愉快的 unfortunate and unfair; unwell
5. 粗略的，大致的 done or made without attention to detail or exactness; approximate
6. 未加工的，粗制的 not delicate or comfortable; simple
7. 狂暴的，汹涌的 stormy and violent; not calm

　～ road　崎岖的道路
　～ sea　狂暴的大海
　～ time　辛酸时期
　～ weather　恶劣的天气
　～ on　对…粗暴的

　The cat had a rough tongue.　猫的舌头表面很粗糙。
　They knocked together a rough box with wooden boards.　他们用木板草草地做成了一个粗糙的箱子。
　He took some nails and bits of wood, and built them into a rough cupboard.　他拿了钉子和木头，做了一个粗糙的食品橱。
　In the dark our jeep bumped along the rough mountain road.　黑夜里我们的吉普车在崎岖的山路上颠簸。
　The Poet's rough life contrasts with his sensitive poetry.　这个诗人的豪放生活与他缠绵悱恻的诗篇形成鲜明的对照。
　We had rather a rough time.　我们经历了一段艰苦的日子。
　It is a rough idea.　那仅仅是个初步的想法。
　It's just a rough drawing.　这只是一张草图。
　It was a rough but plentiful dinner with a rough country wine.　这尽管是一顿粗茶淡饭，但很丰盛，而且还辅以乡间酿制的土酒。
　It's just a very rough translation.　这只是一个非常粗糙的译稿。
　If you give me the rough draft of your article I'll lick it into shape for you.　如果你愿把文章的草稿给我，我会为你把它修改得像样一些的。
　He files away the rough edges.　他把粗毛边锉去。
　He wears a rough linen shirt and white short pants.　他穿着粗亚麻布衬衣和白色短裤。
　As the jewel was in the rough state, he had no idea what size it would be when cut.　这块宝石未经琢磨，他不知道加工后有多大。
　The ship-wrecked sailors were able to fit a rough shelter together from building materials that they found on the island.　这些落难的水手在岛上找到一些建筑材料搭了一个简陋的房子。
　Would it be wise to launch into this rough sea?　到这样汹涌的大海中游泳明智吗?
　The ship was badly knocked about by a rough sea.　船被巨浪颠簸得很厉害。

　This paper feels rough.　这纸摸起来是粗糙的。
　I think Jones has tended to get just a little rough.　我觉得琼斯变得有点粗鲁了。
　His reply was a bit rough.　他的答复过于粗鲁了一点。
　Should the weather be rough, we won't be able to go riding.　万一是狂风暴雨的天气，我们就不能去骑马。
　The water was rough and, despite our low speed, we were drenched by spray.　水上风浪很大，尽管我们的航速不快，飞溅的浪花仍湿透了我们的全身。
　The trip was rough.　这次旅行很艰苦。
　Things are rough all over.　情况非常困难。

　She is rough in speech.　她说话粗鲁。
　He is rough in manner.　他的举止不文雅。
　It's rather rough on him, having to work when other people are on holiday.　其他人度假时他得工作，他真倒霉。
　You've been pretty rough on the children.　你对孩子的态度太粗暴了。
　Don't be so rough with the child.　对小孩不要这样粗暴。
　Her hands are rough with hard work.　她的手因干粗活而变得很粗糙。

　This paper is too rough to write on.　这种纸太粗糙，不能写字。

 ♣ give the rough side of one's tongue　
　对某人说出不客气的话　show a lack of gentleness, good manners to sb
　I had to give him the rough side of my tongue to show my indignation.　我不得不狠狠地骂他一顿来出这口气。

 ♣ rough, coarse, harsh, rude
　这组词的共同意思是“粗鲁的”“粗糙的”。其区别在于：
1. rough强调言行是粗鲁的。例如：
　Many a rough man has been civilized by his wife.　许多粗野的男人都被妻子教好了。
　Don't be so rough with the child.　不要对小孩这样粗暴。
　His manners are very rough.　他的举止非常无礼。
2. rude强调其源于教育差、文化低。例如：
　It's rude to peep.　偷看别人是不礼貌的。
　He was severely reproached for his rude behaviour.　他因行为粗鲁而受到严厉指责。
　All of us were astonished that Mr. White was so rude to him.　怀特先生对他如此无礼，使我们都感到惊异。
3. coarse则强调由于粗鲁而引起的厌恶心理。例如：
　He is coarse in manner.　他举止粗鲁。
　It's a coarse joke.　这是个粗俗的玩笑。
　She used to be coarse of speech.　她过去说话很粗鲁。
4. harsh侧重于指给人以感官上的粗糙、不和谐的感觉。例如：
　The colour is very harsh.　那颜色很刺眼。
　The cloth is harsh to the touch.　这块布料摸上去很粗糙。
　The noise is harsh to the ear.　那噪声很刺耳。
　The surface of the table is very harsh.　那张桌子的表面非常粗糙。

　他们用那种粗暴无礼的态度顶撞我，我可受不了。
　［误］ I won't have them answer me back in that rough manner.
　［正］ I won't have them answer me back in that rude manner.
　裁判员警告运动员们不要粗鲁。
　［误］ The referee warned the players not to be so rude.
　［正］ The referee warned the players not to be so rough.
　［析］ rough强调粗鲁的言行不够文雅；而rude强调其源于教育差、文化低。

1. 简陋地　 in uncomfortable condition
2. 粗暴地　 using force
3. 大致地　 not in a gentle way

　I can live rough for a bit in the countryside.　在农村我的生活可随便一些。
　Don't treat him rough.　不要待他这样无礼。
　That fellow will cut up rough.　那个家伙要撒野。
　The wanderer has to sleep rough.　这个流浪汉到处为家。
　He estimated rough that his rate of profit would be ten percent at the outside.　他大致地估计一下，他的利润最多不过10%。
　The coach chews out rough lazy players who slept for the whole morning.　教练狠狠地指责了那些睡了一个上午的懒队员。

 ♣ play rough　
　粗暴地做　do sth in the way that is not in a gentle way; do sth in the way that used force
　Should they decide to play rough, we could take a savage turn.　万一他们进行粗暴干预的话，那么我们可能会采取不客气的行动。

1. vt.使粗糙　 make untidy or uneven
2. vt.过简陋的生活　 live without the usual comforts and conveniences of life

　～ one's hair　弄乱头发
　～ curiously　好奇地过简陋的生活
　～ dreadfully　非比寻常地过简陋的生活
　～ extremely　极端地过简陋的生活
　～ pleasantly　愉快地过简陋的生活
　～ stiffly　极度地过简陋的生活
　～ uncomfortably　不自在地过简陋的生活
　～ uncommonly　不平凡地过简陋的生活
　～ in　画…的轮廓
　～ out　作出，写出

　Don't rough my hair.　别弄乱我的头发。
　The explorers had to rough it when they got into the jungle.　那些探险家进入丛林后，不得不过着艰苦的生活。
　Living in a tent is not for me, I don't like roughing it.　住在帐篷里不合适，我不喜欢过艰苦的生活。
　Satin is very easily roughed.　缎子很容易起毛。

 ♣ rough in　(v.+adv.)
　画…的轮廓　put in a few practice lines in a drawing
　I'll just rough in the shape of the head and you can paint the sky round it.　我先把头像的轮廓画出来，你再给周围的天空涂色。
 ♣ rough out　(v.+adv.)
　作出，写出　make a first plan of a drawing or piece of writing
　I'll just rough out the whole picture and you can do the details.　这幅画让我先大致画出整个布局，你再加上细节。

　［派生词］ roughly adv.粗略地；大体上；大致上；粗暴地；粗鲁地；粗略地；粗乱地；随便地
　［同义词］ adj. coarse, rigorous, irregular, violent, uneven, unsmooth v. calm, upset
　［反义词］ adj. smooth, refined
　［词源］　拉丁语ruga（皱纹）