| 词组 | adherence, adhesion |
| 释义 | adherence, adhesion A number of theorists comment on the distinction between adherence and adhesion from Vizetelly 1906 through Follett 1966 and on to Chambers 1985. The thrust of all three is the same: adherence is generally used figuratively, adhesion literally. This analysis is not far wrong, but it needs some elaboration in detail. Adherence is mostly used figuratively: • ... a religious adherence to what appears to me truth and reason —Edmund Burke, (Speech on) Conciliation with the Colonies, 1775 • ... mask their intentions of continuing the struggle for world mastery by a superficial adherence to the ideals of human brotherhood —Oscar Handhn, The American People in the Twentieth Century, 1954 • Donald's adherence to the firm of Middleton was now the topic —Angus Wilson, Anglo-Saxon Attitudes, 1956 But it is also used literally: • ... results in imperfect adherence of rubber to the fabric —Industrial Improvement, January 1946 • The tremendous adherence achieved through sticky-back, a double sided adhesive fabric —Bookbinding and Book Production, January 1952 Adhesion is a bit more complex. Its various technical and literal senses account for half, or perhaps a bit more than half, of the citations in our files. But figurative use is not at all uncommon. It falls into two varieties— political-diplomatic and general. President Harding's use of "adhesion to a treaty" was criticized by Frederick Lewis Allen in Only Yesterday (1931), but Harding's use seems to have been technically impeccable: • ... the terms of this Convention which is open to adhesion by all countries of the world —UNESCO Copyright Bulletin, No. 3, 1951 • Adhesion of some, if not all, of the Little Entente Governments to the Rome protocols of 1934 and 1936 — Arnaldo Cortesi, NY. Times, 10 Nov. 1936 • ... the Communist International won at first the adhesion of several powerful and well-established labor organizations —H. B. Parkes, Marxism—an Autopsy, 1939 • ... his ardent attachment to Washington, and his adhesion generally to the federal party —Horace E. Scudder, Noah Webster, 1882 Follett ascribes the political use of adhesion to translations from the French, and French may indeed have had some influence on the diplomatic usage, at least, though we have no clear evidence of that. He also says it "has begun to make its way into English and American writings on politics," but the OED shows it began to do so in the 17th century. General figurative use seems somewhat less frequent than the political: • ... a too strict adhesion to those so-called iaws' — Eric Partridge, "Imagination and Good Sense in Etymology," 1952 • ... marital breakups ... are usually regarded by counselors as a failure of adhesion —Vance Packard, The Sexual Wilderness, 1968 Our files, then, show that this is not a simple matter of "one word, one sense." Adherence is more often figurative than literal; adhesion is somewhat more often used literally and technically, and its chief figurative use is in the general area of politics and diplomacy. |
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