| 词组 | shine |
| 释义 | shine Shine is a verb that has had competing strong and weak principal parts since the 16th century. Samuel Johnson in his 1755 Dictionary gave shone as the primary past tense and past participle with shined as the secondary past and past participle. He showed examples of shined from Spenser, Dryden, Pope, and the King James Bible. But a century later, Fitzedward Hall 1873 thought shined was then only used by the uneducated, although he noted that it had once been in more elevated use (he gave an example from Bishop Lowth). The OED (1914) more or less confirmed Hall's opinion, terming shined "now chiefly dial[ectal] and arch[aic]" but the OED also showed that shined was usual for the sense "polish," and its use in an American hunting sense was recorded. Evans 1957, on the other hand, found shined to be standard—indeed, literary—in transitive uses generally, and not just in the "polish" sense. It seems clear, in fact, that shined has never lost currency in American English to the extent that it has in British English. Longman 1988, a British book, recognizes shined for the "polish" sense only, but shined is used more widely than that in American English. We regularly find shined meaning "polished", of course: • He was having his shoes shined —And More by AndyRooney, 1982 We have only one example of shone in this sense, by a Trinidadian: • ... they shone the brass —Ismith Khan, TheJumbie Bird, 1974 American English also uses shined for the transitive sense "to direct the light of": • ... shined his flashlight into the den —Adele Con-over, Smithsonian, April 1983 British English uses shone: • ... and shone his torch down to give him some light —Ann Bale, Maratoto Gold, 1971 Intransitive uses tend to be shone in both varieties: • For the first time, light shone on a possibility —Russell Baker, Growing Up, 1982 • The long, toothy face, with the big ears on either side, simply shone with enthusiasm —Roald Dahl, Someone Like You, 1953 • ... that hard fierce light of publicity which everybody hates shone on everything he did —William Faulkner, 16 May 1957, in Faulkner in the University, 1959 But we also occasionally find intransitive shined in American English: • The California sun shined on the ninth annual ... show —Southwest Art, July 1985 Notice both transitive and intransitive shined in this example: • Elated researchers shined their lights around the hilly prairie dog towns ... and reflections from ferret eyes shined back everywhere —Ian J. Strange, Natural History, February 1986 These uses of shined are standard in American English. |
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