| 词组 | dare |
| 释义 | dare 1. Although almost everything you need to know about dare can be found in a dictionary, several usage books also comment on its peculiarities. These peculiarities arise from the fact that dare is both an ordinary verb and an auxiliary verb. As an auxiliary verb dare has in its present tense the uninflected third person sin • gular dare, which caught the eye of the first commentator to mention it, Robert Baker in 1770. He didn't like it. Neither did Campbell 1776. But they did not realize that they were dealing with what is now called a modal auxiliary, rather than with a misuse of the ordinary verb, since the auxiliary cannot really be told from the ordinary verb except by such grammatical clues as the uninflected third person singular. The modal auxiliary is regularly followed by an infinitive phrase without to: • ... they being so absolutely his masters that he dare not write a letter to a newspaper ... without their approval —George Bernard Shaw, in Harper's, October 1971 • ... the victory policy Nixon dare not too openly avow —I. F. Stone's Bi-Weekly, 17 May 1971 • We dare not deal with even the most remote and orderly revolutions as isolated events —Clinton Rossiter, Center Mag., May/June 1971 • ... claims that he daren't specialize —Gareth Lloyd Evans, The Guardian, 27 Sept. 1971 As a regular verb, dare has dares in the present third singular. It can be followed by an infinitive phrase with to: • And yet Erica Mann Jong dares to call her book of poems "Fruits & Vegetables" —Erica Jong, Barnard Alumnae, Winter 1971 • ... so one might dare to enter them —Norman Mailer, Harper's, March 1971 • ... or they would dare to criticize Castro —Paul Goodman, quoted in Psychology Today, November 1971 In other examples may be seen a blend of the modal and the ordinary uses; here dare is followed by the infinitive without to, yet is preceded by other auxiliaries (as might, would, and do): • ... not even there did I dare say the words —George P. Elliott, Harper's, September 1970 • ... the hardiest germ would hardly dare approach her —Edith-Jane Bahr, Ladies' Home Jour., October 1971 • Do we dare assume that... —Lloyd E. Rozeboom, Johns Hopkins Mag., Spring 1971 The regular verb can also take a noun object: • ... the willingness with which she dares personal exposure —Richard Schickel, Harper's, March 1971 • At the least one dares profound humiliation —Norman Mailer, Harper's, March 1971 2. The past tense durst has been superseded in modern use by dared. It is now archaic or dialectal. |
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