| 词组 | raise, rear |
| 释义 | raise, rear "I thought we raise plants & animals and rear children?" This query on a proof received from our typesetters in late 1985 is evidence of the hardiness of this old issue. The Dictionary of American English says that raise used of children had some currency in British English at one time, but that it dropped out of use around 1800. It did not drop out of use in North America; the OED labels the sense Now chiefly U.S. The OED Supplement has a couple of recent British citations that associate raise with the United States, but almost all of the evidence from John Adams to the present is American. The disappearance of the use in British English made the usage noticeable, and it was criticized as provincial as early as 1818. Bache 1869 quotes Dr. Alfred L. Elwyn, who published a book on Americanisms in 1859, to the effect that raise is a Southernism. Bache himself finds it "certainly no longer confined to the Southern States" but considers rear or bring up "the preferable expression." Vizetelly attacked raise in both his 1906 book and the Funk & Wagnalls dictionary. In the book he says it is "often misapplied to the bringing up of human beings. One rears cattle, raises chickens, but brings up children. Rear, meaning 'to nurture and train,' may also be used of children." Many subsequent commentators, and many, many schoolteachers, have followed his prescription, although bring up is fairly often overlooked. Raise, however, never dropped out of use despite the disapproval, and most modern commentators recognize that it is perfectly standard American, although still apparently not used in Great Britain. A few commentators, such as Kilpatrick 1984 and Jacques Barzun (quoted in Safire 1986), still follow the Vizetelly line. But as these examples show, raise is both perfectly respectable and still very common in the Southern U.S. • ... I was not trying to say, This is the sort of folks we raise in my part of Mississippi —William Faulkner, 15 May 1958, in Faulkner in the University, 1959 • I told my mother I'd changed my mind about wanting to succeed in the magazine business. "If you think I'm going to raise a good-for-nothing," she replied, "you've got another think coming." —Russell Baker, Growing Up, 1982 • Cousin Katie left me the house in Savannah I was raised in —Flannery O'Connor, letter, 15 Feb. 1959 • ... the town where I was born and raised —William Styron, This Quiet Dust and Other Writings, 1982 • Both parents are now more often engaged in active, day-to-day childraising —Elizabeth Janeway, in Harper 1985 • Raised poor in Tennessee by a religious mother — Geoffrey Wolff, N.Y. Times Book Rev., 21 Nov. 1982 • ... she might at the same time be raising a family of her own —Peter Taylor, The Old Forest and Other Stories, 1985 • For Eliot, nonetheless, it was a very great advantage to have been raised in an atmosphere of evangelical piety —Irving Howe, New Republic, 18 Oct. 1954 • Every youngster as he grows up knows he was a darned sight smarter than his daddy was, and he has to get to be about forty before he finds out the old man was smart enough to raise him —Harry S. Truman, quoted in Merle Miller, Plain Speaking, 1973 Rear is still in common use too, and it varies freely with raise in the word-stock of some writers: • She'd reared her children there —Russell Baker, Growing Up, 1982 • Born and reared in South Carolina —William Styron, This Quiet Dust and Other Writings, 1982 • ... where Macon's grandfather, a factory owner, reared his four grandchildren —John Updike, New Yorker, 28 Oct. 1985 • She reared the kids and kept the house clean — Edwards Park, Smithsonian, February 1986 • Barkley kept looking at him and wondering if the gentleman could have been reared in Egypt —Harry S. Truman, letter, 28 Jan. 1952 |
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