| 词组 | infrastructure |
| 释义 | infrastructure This word is first attested in English in 1927 used in reference to the Maginot Line. Sir Winston Churchill characterized it as jargon in 1950, and it got wide publicity in 1951 and 1952 from its occurrence in NATO documents issuing from General Eisenhower's headquarters. From these beginnings its use has grown considerably. To the military, infrastructure refers to the permanent installations that a military force requires, but elsewhere it is of vague application, usually referring to things that underlie and support an enterprise. Here are some typical examples of its use in general contexts: • In the West, industrialization goes forward in swift momentum. In the new states, it is impeded by a lack of basic technical skills, of power, of transport, and of the economic and social infrastructure necessary for fruitful investment —Abba Eban, Center Mag., September 1969 • ... the Koch administration's inability to spend enough money to rebuild streets, sewers, bridges and other parts of the city's deteriorating infrastructure —Ronald Smothers, N.Y. Times, 11 Nov. 1979 • ... because the Orinoco belt has not been developed, an entire infrastucture, including roads and refineries, must be built —Linda Grant, Los Angeles Times, 27 Nov. 1979 • Despite the "Phoenix" program to "neutralize" (kill or jail) members of the VC infrastructure, it seems to be pretty much intact —I. F. Stone's Bi-Weekly, 23 Feb. 1970 • ... that redoubtable intellectual infrastructure which has grown up around business—the faculties of the leading graduate business schools and the management consultants —Robert Lubar, Fortune, 13 July 1981 It has been called a "buzz word" by Janis 1984 and "gobbledygook" by Shaw 1987, but it drew the support of a surprisingly large minority of the Harper 1985 usage panel (43 percent). |
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