| 词组 | raise, rise |
| 释义 | raise, rise 1. Intransitive raise has been objected to from as far back as Bache 1869, even though intransitive uses date to the 15th century in the works of Malory and Caxton. But it seems to have dropped out of mainstream British English before the end of the 18th century; the historian David Hume—and he was a Scot—is the last (1761) literary figure quoted in the OED. It stayed alive, however, in dialectal use and in America: • The Water having raised, ... I could form no accurate judgment of the progress —George Washington, diary, 22 Sept. 1785 (in OED Supplement) George Washington's use can still be found in American regional English: • ... and whenever there was much rain, and the river went to raising, I couldn't do my work —Elbert Herald, quoted in Our Appalachia, ed. Laurel Shackle-ford & Bill Weinberg, 1977 Our evidence shows four chief uses of the intransitive raise. They are not all regional, although the one which means "to get up out of bed" may be. It is found in the journals of Lewis and Clark in the early 19th century and also more recently: • ... Simon was beating the bottom of the dishpan with the spoon, hollering, "Raise up and get your four-o'clock coffee!" —William Faulkner, Saturday Evening Post, 5 Mar. 1955 There is also a use in which the intransitive is the semantic equivalent of a passive: • He wants Britain's beet quota raising from 900,000 tons to 1,200,000 tons a year —The Sun (London), 22 Oct. 1974 • The flashlights momentarily converged on the dog, then raised —Erie Stanley Gardner, The Case of the Negligent Nymph, 1949 Another pattern finds raise used as if a reflexive pronoun object had been omitted from a transitive construction: • At Bledsoe's defiance, he half raised from his seat and ejaculated, "The son of a bitch!" —Alexander Woollcott, letter, 23 Feb. 1933 • He periodically raised up on his elbows and fired — N.Y. Times, 24 Apr. 1970 • Uncle Jake was stirring unconsciously in the chair as he spoke, and I raised up from his lap and peered across the tablecloth into father's face —Peter Taylor, The Old Forest and Other Stories, 1985 And, finally, raise is simply used in place of various senses of rise: • ... perhaps it was the distraction of the drama which prevented him raising any higher on the moving staircase of public service —Laurence Irving, Henry Irving: The Actor and His World, 1952 • A blade [of a screwdriver] which tapers out from the tip ... has a tendency to raise out of the slot —General Motors Corp., ABC's of Hand Tools, 1945 The intransitive raise was labeled obsolete in some older dictionaries, but it is still alive in dialectal use and in some at least sporadic general use. It is not incorrect nor illiterate. It seems rather to be a little-used survival from the past. 2. English, was prescribed. The prescription survived long enough in some newspaper stylebooks to receive mention in Harper 1975, 1985. But raise is standard in this sense in America. |
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