【问】 The problem set for society is not the virtues of the type so much as its adequacy for itsfunction. (New Concept English,Book 4,P. 61) [原译1]社会所要答复的问题并不是这类人物有无美德,而是他是否胜任他的职务。(中译本) [原译2]社会要回答的问题并不是这类人物有无美德,而是他是否胜任其职务。(《新概念英语》(四),朗文出版公司、世界图书出版公司,1993,P.80) 请分析not so much as的含义和译法。 【答】 在我国的翻译出版物上,很多人都把not so much A as B统统译成了“不是A,而是B”。在汉语里,“不是A而是B”意在完全排除(否定)人,而完全肯定B。但是,根据COD的解释,not so much... as在意义和用法上相当于less... than,可见这个短语并不是表示肯定一项而否定另一项,而是表示两项兼而有之。换言之,这一结构常常用来比较两种说法的正确程度。在作者看来,后一种说法(as项)更正确些。例如: 1. His success is not so much by talent as by energy. 他的成功与其说是由于才能,不如说是由于精力。(这句话决不意味着“他的成功与才能无关”) 2. He would point out that observation or perception is a concept which refers not so muchto acuteness of sight,hearing,etc.,or to the care with which they are applied as to theability to relate phenomena to a complex network of previous experiences and theories. 心理学家会指出,观察和感觉是这样一种概念:这种概念所指的与其说是看、听等的敏锐性,或者看、听等的仔细程度,还不如说是把现象同先前的经历和理论的复杂网络联系起来的能力。 3. The Mr. Palomar telescope is placed on a mountain not so much to bring it nearer to theheavens as to put it where the air is purer and clearer and the noises and vibrations ofcities are avoided. 把帕洛马望远镜安置在山上,与其说是为了更接近天空,还不如说是为了那里的空气比较纯净清新,又可避开城市的噪音和震动。 下列各句中的not so much... as也是译为“与其……不如……”,显得好些。 (1)The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach youthe art of learning. [原译]学校教育最大的效用,不在教你一些知识,而在教你学习的方法。(钱歌川:《翻译的技巧》.P.231 ) 难道能说教学生知识,一点不算“学校教育的重大效用”吗? (2)Success in life does not depend so much on one's school record as on one's honesty anddiligence. [原译]事业的成功并不靠在学校时的成绩,而要靠为人的诚实和勤勉。(钱歌川:《翻译的技巧》.P.231) 能说学校的学习成绩与事业的成功毫无关系吗? (3)Science moves forward,they say,not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.(攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题,94) [原译]新学派的科学家认为科学的发展不是因为科学家的真知灼见,而是因为改进了的工具。 (参考答案,引自《1998年硕士研究生入学英语考试应试指导》,中国人民大学出版社,P.163) 世界上有哪个人真的会说:“科学的发展与科学家的真知灼见毫不相干”吗? 请做下面的英语试题: It was not so much the many blows he received for the lack of fighting spirit that led tohis losing the game. (攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题,92)