【问】 (a) Let's swim across the river.
 (b) She was the first woman to swim the Channel.
 请问swim与swim across有什么区别?
 【答】 正象R.Quirk等人所指出的，swim与swim across的区别仅仅在于：带介词的结构注重的是过程，而带直接宾语的结构则具有完成意义，表示目标的达到。句(a)的意思是：让我们游过河吧。句(b)的意思是：她是第一个游过英吉利海峡的妇女。很多动词具有与此相类似的情况。例如：climb/climb up，attain/attain to，turn/turn around the corner，jump/jumpover the fence，cross/cross over the street，flee/flee from the country，pass/pass by，roam/roam about (around)，leap/leap over the fence，ponder/ ponder on等等。
 1. He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree. (Prov)
 想吃水果的人必须爬上树去。
 2. “I heard you went mountain climbing but didn’ t reach the top.” “Yes，we tried____.”
 A. hardly to climb the mountain B. hard to climb the mountain
 C. to climb the mountain hard D. to climb the mountain hardly(TOEFL，74. 6)
 3. The old lady climbs up the stairs with difficulty. (LDCE)
 这位老妇人艰难地攀登台阶。
 4. I hope you will attain your object. (ALD)
 我希望你达到目的。
 5. The perfection to which the pianist had attained was achieved only by years of hardwork. (CIE)
 这位钢琴家所达到的完美程度只是由于多年的艰苦努力才取得的。
 6. He killed the enemy and fled the country. (ALD)
 他杀了敌人，逃到国外去了。
 7. They all fled from the burning ship. (LDCE)
 他们大家都从燃烧着的船上向外逃跑。
 8. David passes my house on the way to school. (MD)
 戴维在上学的路上总要经过我们的房前。
 9. This car is incapable of passing most others on the road.
 A. This car can carry a heavy load.
 B. This car can pass most of the other cars.
 C. This car went right past the inspector.
 D. Most cars are faster than this one. (TOEFL，87. 1)
 10. So many people pass by and never notice the old lonely people who stay in their homesall day.
 多少人从旁经过，但从未留意到成天呆在房子里的那些孤独老人。
 11. We pondered many things. (ALD)
 我们考虑了许多事情。
 12. He pondered over the incident. (ALD)
 他在深思那件事。