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词组 whose/of which
释义
whose/of which     

【问】 有些语法学家说,表示无生命事物的先行词不能使用关系代词whose。但是,这种说法无法解释下面的句子:
 The play,whose style is rigidly formal,is typical of the period.
 这个剧本语言刻板正式,是那个时期所特有的。
 【答】 确实有不少语法学家提出过,关系代词whose如同疑问代词whose一样,只能用于表人。例如,C.E.Eckersley等编写的A Comprehensive English Grammar就曾指出,关系代词whose,如同who,whom一样仅是是用来表示人的:
 He is a man whose word is as good as his bond.
 他是一个说话极可靠的人。
 但是,他们的观点已经不能反应现代英语的实际使用情况。
 许多现代英语语法学家认为,whose与who和whom不同,既可以跟指人的先行词连用,也可以跟指物的先行词连用。
 1. The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired. (CGEL,§6.34)
 房顶受损的房子现在已修好了。
 2. Let ABC be a triangle whose sides are of unequal length. (CGEL,§17.14)
 设ABC是一个边长不相等的三角形。
 3. This is the house whose windows were broken. (LEG)
 这是那栋窗户打破了的房子。
 4. That’s the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen. (LDCE)
 这就是那个另件小得难以看清的新机器。
 这种用法的whose可以用of which来代替。但是两者相比较,使用哪一个为佳的问题,语言学家们却是莫衷一是的。M.Swan说:“两者相比,有时用of which更好。”L.G.Alexan-der说:“以英语为本族语的人常常避免使用这种用法的whose,他们把whose看成是人称代词who的所有格。注意言辞的人可能用另外的方法来表达上面的意思……在正式文体中,使用of which,而不用whose...” F. Crews则持有与此相反的观点:
 “The earth,in the depths of which volcanic disturbances continually occur...(This is notonly awkward but ambiguous: which looks for a moment as if it modified disturbances. Inwhose depths is better on both counts.)”(Crews)
 (“……这不仅是笨拙的,而且是有歧义的:骤然看来which似乎是修饰disturbances的。使用whose depths在上述两点上都是较佳的。”)
 R. Quirk等持有与Crews相同的观点:“在……先行词是非指人的名词的情况下,有某种避免使用whose的趋势……但是避免使用它会带来语体上的麻烦,正式用语of which显得生硬而累赘:
 The house the roof of which was damaged [has now been repaired.]”(§17. 14)
 据此他们认为下面两个结构是同样常见的:
 A. The investigation the results of which will soon be published...
 B. The investigation whose results will soon be published...
 请做下面的英语试题:
 There many organizations sole purpose to help retarded children.(TOEFL,71. 3;74. 3;75.5)


赵振才 编著.英语常见问题解答大词典.哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社.1998.第1317-1318页.
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