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词组 die of/from
释义
die of/from1     

【问】 我在英语教学中有一个很伤脑筋的问题,就是向学生讲述die of与die from的区别。有的辞书上说:

“die of一般用于害病、疲劳、负伤、饥渴、年老、失望等致死的场合。如:

die of cold冻死,cholera霍乱,consumption肺病,illness,a disease,a fever,heat,hunger,thirst,poison,the bite of a snake蛇咬,old age,a wound,a fall失足掉下,abroken heart失望,sorrow,grief,disappointment,exhaustion过度疲劳。

die from常用于衰弱,eating to excess饮食过度,hunger,drinking too much wine饮酒过多,overwork工作过度,carelessness,some unknown cause不明原因,a disease,ablow被打中……”(见费致德:《现代英语惯用法词典》),此外,《英语惯用法大词典》、《英语一千常用单词》等辞书也都是这样区分的。我的第一个困难,是无法让学生记住这样的区分;第二个困难,是在我讲完这些区分之后,学生常常能拿出一些反例给我看。请帮助我摆脱困境。

【答】 首先应当指出,上面所说的die of与die from的所谓的区分,实际上并不存在。因此,对学生只需指出:表示死因(the cause of death)时,既可以用die of,也可以用die from,但以用die of为多。例如,我们既可以读到He died of cancer,也可以读到He died from cancer,再如,费致德教授在上面提到,可以说die of a wound,但我们经常读到He died from a wound.(LDAE) The young driver died from the wounds... (LDPV)(这位年青司机因受伤而死)。下面我们再列举一些实例:

它们可能渴死。

我们上面的说法在Oxford Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English. (P. 79)中找到了证明:

“die from/of have as the cause of death.O:starvation,exposure; cancer,pneumonia

□Climbing parties marooned in the open can easily die of exposure unless they know the properprecautions to take.(被困在荒郊野外的爬山者们,如果不懂得采取些应急措施,就完全可能冻馁而死。)

□The disease from which he died was at that time incurable.(他得的病,在当时是不治之症)”


赵振才 编著.英语常见问题解答大词典.哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社.1998.第322-323页.
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